On the Shoulders of Giants

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On the Shoulders of Giants Page 27

by Umberto Eco


  Diderot, Denis, and Jean Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert. Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. Paris: Briasson-David-Le Breton-Durand, 1751–1780.

  Gregory, Tullio. Scetticismo ed empirismo: Studio su Gassendi [Skepticism and Empiricism: A Study of Gassendi]. Bari: Laterza, 1961.

  Horace. Epistles. In Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry. Loeb Classical Library, no. 194. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1926.

  Jeauneau, Édouard. Nani sulle spalle di giganti. Naples: Guida, 1969.

  Jerome, Saint. Adversus Jovinianum [c. 390]. “Against Jovinianus.” In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, trans. W. H. Fremantle, G. Lewis, and W. G. Martley, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, 2nd ser., vol. 6. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing, 1893.

  John of Salisbury. The Metalogicon of John of Salisbury: A Twelfth-Century Defense of the Verbal and Logical Arts of the Trivium. Trans. Daniel D. McGarry. London: Peter Smith, 1971.

  Merton, Robert K. On the Shoulders of Giants. New York: Free Press, 1965.

  Nietzsche, Friedrich. Untimely Meditations [1876]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

  Ovid. Ars amatoria. Trans. B. P. Moore. London: Folio Society, 1965.

  Ortega y Gasset, José. Man and Crisis. Trans. Mildred Adams. New York: W. W. Norton, 1958. Ortega y Gasset. En torno a Galileo [1933]. In Obras completas, vol. 5. Madrid, 1947.

  Rifkin, Jeremy. Entropy: A New World View. New York: Viking, 1980.

  Virgil the Grammarian [Virgilius Maro Grammaticus]. Epitomae; Epistolae. In Virgilio Marone Grammatico: Epitomi ed Epistole, trans. G. Polara. Naples: Liguori, 1979.

  William of Conches. “Commentaries on Priscian’s Institutiones grammaticae.” In Glosulae de magno Prisciano [Institutiones I–XVI]. Versio altera, ed. Édouard Jeauneau Turnhout: Brepols.

  2. Beauty

  Barbey d’Aurevilly, Jules. Léa [1832]. In Le cachet d’Onyx; Léa. Paris: La Connaissance, 1919.

  Bernard of Clairvaux. Apologia ad Guillelmum. Cistercians and Cluniacs: St. Bernard’s Apologia to Abbot William. Trans. Michael Casey. Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1970.

  Burke, Edmund. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful [1757]. A new ed. London: printed for J. Dodsley, 1787.

  Clement of Alexandria. The Stromata, or Miscellanies. In Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2: Fathers of the Second Century: Hermas, Tatian, Athenagonas, Theophilus, and Clement of Alexandria. Ed. A. Roberts and J. Donaldson, rev. and arr. A. Cleveland Coxe, 299–368. New York: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885.

  Formaggio, Dino. L’arte. Milan: ISEDI, 1973.

  Guido Guinizelli. Vedut’ho la lucente stella diana. “I’ve Got the Bright Star Diana.” In An Anthology of Italian Poems 13th–19th Century, trans. Lorna de’ Lucchi. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1922, 28–32, 348.

  Hildegard of Bingen. Selected Writings [12th century]. Trans. Mark Atherton. London: Penguin, 2001.

  Pacioli, Luca. De divina proportione [1509]. Sansepolcro: Aboca Museum, 2009.

  Physiologus: A Medieval Book of Nature Lore [2nd–5th century]. Trans. Michael J. Curley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

  Piero della Francesca. De perspectiva pingendi, 1472–1475. “On Perspective in Painting,” Aboca Museum Editions, facsimile of the Treatise stored in the Panizzi Library in Reggio. http://www.codicesillustres.com/catalogue/de_prospectiva_pingendi/.

  Plato. Timaeus. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. New York: Macmillan, 1959.

  Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Trans. Horace Rackham; W. H. S. Jones. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  Proust, Marcel. In Search of Lost Time [1909–1922]. London: Everyman’s Library, 2001.

  Pseudo-Callisthenes. The Romance of Alexander the Great [3rd century]. Trans. Albert Mugrdich Wolohojian. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969.

  Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. On the Divine Names and On the Mystical Theology. Trans. C. E. Rolt. London: SPCK, 1920.

  Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of. Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times. Ed. Lawrence E. Klein. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

  Sue, Eugène. The Mysteries of the People, Or, History of a Proletarian Family across the Ages. Trans. Daniel De Leon and Solon De Leon. New York: NY Labor News, 1904. Sue. Les Mystères de Paris. Originally serialized in ninety parts in Journal des débats, June 1842 to October 1843.

  Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologiae: Latin Text and English Translation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 61 vols., 1964–. Repr. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

  Xenophanes of Colophon. Fragments. Trans. J. H. Lesher. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.

  3. Ugliness

  Aesop Romance: The Book of Xanthus the Philosopher and Aesop His Slave, or the Career of Aesop. Trans. Lloyd W. Daly. In Anthology of Ancient Greek Popular Literature, ed. William F. Hansen. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.

  Baudelaire, Charles. Les fleurs du mal [1857]. The Flowers of Evil. Trans. Marthiel Mathews and Jackson Mathews. New York: New Directions, 1955.

  Bonaventure of Bagnoregio. Commentaria in quattuor libros sententiarum Magistri Petri Lombardi. Bonaventure on the Eucharist: Commentary on the ‘Sentences.’ Trans. Junius Johnson. Wilsele, Belgium: Peeters, 2017.

  Broch, Hermann. “Kitsch” (1933) and “Notes on the Problem of Kitsch” (1950). In Kitsch: The World of Bad Taste, ed. Gillo Dorfles. New York: Universe Books, 1968.

  Brown, Fredric. “Sentry” [1954]. In From These Ashes: The Complete Short SF of Fredric Brown, ed. Ben Yalow. Framingham, MA: NESFA Press, 2001.

  Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy [1624]. Ed. Floyd Dell and Paul Jordan-Smith. New York: Tudor, 1948.

  Céline, Louis-Ferdinand. Bagatelles pour un massacre. Paris: Éditions Denoël, 1937.

  Choniates, Niketas. O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates. Dayton, OH: Wayne State University Press, 1984.

  Collodi, Carlo. The Adventures of Pinocchio [1881]. Trans. Nicolas J. Perella. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

  De Amicis, Edmondo. Cuore (Heart): An Italian Schoolboy’s Journal. Trans. Isabel F. Hapgood. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1887.

  de Vitry, Jacques. The Exempla or Illustrative Stories from the Sermones Vulgares of Jacques de Vitry. Trans. Thomas Frederick Crane. London: David Nutt, 1890.

  Dickens, Charles. Hard Times. London: Bradbury and Evans, 1854.

  Encyclopædia Britannica, ed. 1798.

  Fleming, Ian. Dr. No. London: Jonathan Cape, 1958.

  Fleming, Ian. From Russia with Love. London: Jonathan Cape, 1957.

  Fleming, Ian. Goldfinger. London: Jonathan Cape, 1959.

  Fleming, Ian. Live and Let Die. London: Jonathan Cape, 1954.

  Gozzano, Guido. “Grandmother Speranza’s Friend.” In The Man I Pretend to Be: The Colloquies and Selected Poems of Guido Gozzano, trans. Michael Palma. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.

  Gryphius, Andreas. Notte, lucente notte. Sonetti [17th century]. Venice: Marsilio, 1993.

  Guerrini, Olindo [nom de plume Lorenzo Strecchetti]. Postuma: Il canto dell’odio e altri versi proibiti. Rome: Napoleone, 1981.

  Hegel, G. W. F. Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Arts. Trans. T. M. Knox. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.

  Hildegard of Bingen. Scivias [12th century]. Trans. Columba Hart and Jane Bishop. New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

  Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Caroline Alexander. New York: Ecco / Harper Collins, 2015.

  Hugo, Victor. Cromwell [1827]. Trans. George Burnham Ives. Boston: Little, Brown, 1909.

  Hugo, Victor. L’Homme qui rit [1869]. The Man Who Laughs. Trans. unknown. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1888.

  Iamblichus. Life of Pythagoras. Trans. Thomas Taylor. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions / Bear, 1986.

  Lautréamont, Comte de [Isidore Ducasse]. The Songs of Maldoror. Trans. Alexis Lykiard. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1972.<
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  Lombroso, Cesare. L’Uomo delinquente [1876]. Criminal Man. Trans. Mary Gibson and Nicole Hahn Rafter. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006.

  Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso. “Technical Manifesto of Futurist Literature” [1912]. In Modernism: An Anthology, ed. Lawrence Rainey. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.

  Marx, Karl. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. Trans. Martin Milligan. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988.

  Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Gay Science [1882 / 1886]. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2006.

  Palazzeschi, Aldo. Il controdolore [1913]. Florence: Salimbeni, 1980.

  Perrault, Charles. Little Red Riding Hood [1697]. London: Moorfields, 1810.

  Rosenkranz, Karl. The Aesthetics of Ugliness: A Critical Edition [1853]. Trans. Andrei Pop and Mechtild Widrich. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.

  Rostand, Edmond. Cyrano de Bergerac [1897]. Trans. Christopher Fry. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.

  Sade, Donatien-Alphonse François de. The 120 Days of Sodom [1785]. In The 120 Days of Sodom, and Other Writings, trans. Austryn Wainhouse and Richard Seaver. New York: Grove Press, 1966.

  Segneri, Paolo. The Panegyrics of Father Segneri, of the Society of Jesus. Trans. Rev. William Humphrey. London: Washbourne, 1877.

  Shakespeare, William. The Tempest [1610]. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.

  Shakespeare, William. Macbeth [1605–1608]. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003.

  Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein [1818]. Boston: Cornhill, 1922.

  Sontag, Susan. Against Interpretation. New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1966.

  Spillane, Mickey. One Lonely Night. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1951.

  Testamentum Domini [4th–5th century]. The Testament of Our Lord. Trans. from Syriac by James Cooper and Arthur John Maclean. Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1902.

  Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologiae: Latin Text and English Translation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 61 vols., 1964–. Repr. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

  Wagner, Richard. “Judaism in Music” [1850]. In Judaism in Music and Other Essays, trans. William Ashton Ellis. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995.

  4. The Absolute and the Relative

  Dante Alighieri. The Divine Comedy. Trans. James Finn Cotter. New York: HarperCollins, 1989.

  Hegel, G. W. F. Hegel’s Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit. Trans. Yirmiyahu Yovel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.

  Jervis, Giovanni. Contro il relativismo. Rome-Bari: Laterza, 2005.

  John Paul II, Pope. Encyclical Letter Fides et Ratio of the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Relationship between Faith and Reason. September 14, 1998. Vatican City: Libreria editrice vaticana, 1998. http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091998_fides-et-ratio.html.

  Joyce, James. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man [1916]. New York: B. W. Huebsch, 1922.

  Keats, John. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” [1819]. In John Keats: The Complete Poems, ed. John Barnard. London: Penguin Classics, 1977.

  Lecaldano, Eugenio. Un’etica senza Dio. Rome-Bari: Laterza, 2006.

  Lenin, Vladimir Ilich. Materialism and Empirio-Criticism [1909]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1970.

  Nicholas of Cusa. De docta ignorantia [1440]. On Learned Ignorance. Trans. Germain Heron. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1954.

  Nietzsche, Friedrich. “On Truth and Lies in an Extra-Moral Sense” [1873]. In Friedrich Nietzsche On Truth and Lying, trans. Sander L. Gilman, Carole Blair, and David J. Parent. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

  Peirce, Charles Sanders. “A Syllabus of Certain Topics of Logic.” In Collected Papers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.

  Pera, Marcello, and Joseph Ratzinger. Senza radici: Europa, relativismo, cristianesimo, islam. Milan: Mondadori, 2004.

  Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. The Heavenly Hierarchy and The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy. Trans. John Parker. London: James Parker and Co., 1899.

  Ratzinger, Joseph. Doctrinal Note on Some Questions Regarding the Participation of Catholics in Political Life. November 24, 2002. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20021124_politica_en.html.

  Ratzinger, Joseph. Il monoteismo. Milan: Mondadori, 2002.

  Thomas Aquinas. De aeternitate mundi. On the Eternity of the World. Trans. Cyril Vollert, Lottie Kendzierski, and Paul Byrne. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1965.

  5. Beautiful Flame

  Anonymous. History of Fra Dolcino, Heresiarch [13th century].

  Aristotle. The Physics, Books I–IV. Loeb Classical Library, no. 228. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.

  Artephius, The Secret Book of the Blessed Stone Called the Philosopher’s [c. 1150]. London: Tho. Walkley, 1624.

  Bachelard, Gaston. Psychoanalysis of Fire. Trans. Alan C. M. Ross. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964.

  Báez, Fernando. A Universal History of the Destruction of Books: From Ancient Sumer to Modern Iraq. New York: Atlas, 2008.

  Bhagavad-Gita: Krishna’s Counsel in Time of War. Trans. Barbara Stoler Miller. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

  Bonaventure of Bagnoregio. Commentaria in quattuor libros sententiarum Magistri Petri Lombardi. Bonaventure on the Eucharist: Commentary on the ‘Sentences.’ Trans. Junius Johnson. Wilsele, Belgium: Peeters, 2017.

  Buddha. “Adittapariyaya Sutta: The Fire Sermon” (SN 35.28). Trans. Ñanamoli Thera. Access to Insight (BCBS Edition), 2010, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn35/sn35.028.nymo.html.

  Canetti, Elias. Auto-da-Fé [1935]. Trans. C. V. Wedgwood. New York: Stein and Day, 1946.

  Cellini, Benvenuto. My Life [1567]. Trans. Julia Conaway Bondanella. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

  D’Annunzio, Gabriele. Il Fuoco [1900]. The Flame. Trans. Susan Bassnett. New York: Marsilio, 1995.

  Dante Alighieri. The Divine Comedy. Trans. Robert Hollander and Jean Hollander. New York: Doubleday, 2000–2007. (Inferno, 2000; Purgatorio, 2003; Paradiso, 2007.)

  Eco, Umberto. The Name of the Rose. Trans. William Weaver. New York: Harcourt, 1983. Eco, Il nome della rosa. Milan: Bompiani, 1980.

  Heraclitus. Fragments. In The Art and Thought of Heraclitus: An Edition of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary, trans. Charles H. Kahn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

  Hölderlin, Friedrich. The Death of Empedocles [1798]. Trans. David Farrell Krell. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2009.

  John Scotus Eriugena. Eriugena’s Commentary on the Celestial Hierarchy. Trans. Paul Rorem. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2005.

  Joyce, James. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: Viking and B. W. Huebsch, 1916.

  Joyce, James. Stephen Hero [1944]. New York: Vintage / Ebury div. Random House, 1969.

  Liguori, Alfonso M. de’. Apparecchio alla morte, cioè considerazioni sulle massime eterne utili a tutti per meditare ed a’ sacerdoti per predicare [1758]. Cinisello Balsamo: Edizione San Paolo, 2007.

  Malerba, Luigi. Il fuoco greco [1990]. Milan: Mondadori, 2000.

  Mattioli, Ercole. La pietà illustrata. Venice: appresso Nicolò Pezzana, 1694.

  Pater, Walter. The Renaissance. London: Boni and Liveright, 1873.

  Pernety, Dom. Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermétique [1787]. Milan: Archè, 1980.

  Plato. Protagoras. In Laches, Protagoras, Meno, Euthydemus. Trans. W. R. M. Lamb. Loeb Classical Library, no. 165. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977.

  Plotinus. The Enneads. Ed. Lloyd P. Gerson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.

  Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. The Heavenly Hierarchy and The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy. Trans. John Parker. London: James Parker and Co., 1899.

  Ratzinger, Joseph. The Message of Fatima. June 26, 2000. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000626_message-fatima_en.html.

  Turba Philosophorum, Or Assembly of th
e Sagas [13th century]. Trans. Arthur Edward Waite. London: George Redway, 1896.

  6. The Invisible

  Allen, Woody. “The Kugelmass Episode.” New Yorker, April 24, 1977.

  Doumenc, Philippe. Contre-enquete sur la morte d’Emma Bovary [Counterinvestigation into the Death of Emma Bovary]. Paris: Actes Sud, 2009.

  Doyle, Arthur Conan. A Study in Scarlet [1887]. New York: Random House, 2003.

  Dumas, Alexandre. The Count of Monte Cristo [1844]. New York: Random House / Modern Library, 1996.

  Dumas, Alexandre. The Three Musketeers [1844]. London: Wordsworth Editions, 1997.

  Eco, Umberto. “On the Ontology of Fictional Characters.” Sign Systems Studies 37, no. 1 / 2 (2009): 82–97.

  Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary [1856]. Trans. Eleanor Marx-Aveling. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930.

  Gautier, Théophile. Le capitaine Fracasse [1863]. Captain Fracasse. Trans. F. C. de Sumichrast. New York: Collier, 1902.

  Hugo, Victor. Les misérables [1862]. Trans. Lascelles Wraxall. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1862.

  Isidore of Seville. The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville. Trans. Stephen A. Barney, W. J. Lewis, J. A. Beach, and Oliver Berghof. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

  Shakespeare, William. A Winter’s Tale [1611]. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.

  Tolstoy, Lev. Anna Karenina [1873–1877]. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1899.

  7. Paradoxes and Aphorisms

  Aristotle. The Physics, Books I–IV. Loeb Classical Library, no. 228. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.

  Chamfort, Nicolas de. The Cynic’s Breviary: Maxims and Anecdotes from Nicolas de Chamfort [1795]. Trans. William G. Hutchison. London: Elkin Mathews, 1902.

  Kraus, Karl. From Half-Truths & One-and-a-Half-Truths: Selected Aphorisms. Trans. Harry Zohn. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

 

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