by Homer
As eastern priests in giddy circles run,
Go, teach eternal wisdom how to rule —
Then drop into thyself, and be a fool!
Superior beings, when of late they saw 30
A mortal man unfold all nature’s law,
Admir’d such wisdom in an earthly shape,
And shew’d a Newton as we shew an ape.
Could he, whose rules the rapid comet bind,
Describe or fix one movement of his mind? 35
Who saw its fires here rise, and there descend,
Explain his own beginning, or his end?
Alas what wonder! man’s superior part
Uncheck’d may rise, and climb from art to art;
But when his own great work is but begun, 40
What reason weaves, by passion is undone.
Trace science then, with modesty thy guide;
First strip off all her equipage of pride;
Deduct what is but vanity, or dress,
Or learning’s luxury, or idleness; 45
Or tricks to shew the stretch of human brain,
Mere curious pleasure, or ingenious pain;
Expunge the whole, or lop th’ excrescent parts
Of all our vices have created arts;
Then see how little the remaining sum, 50
Which serv’d the past, and must the times to come!
II. Two principles in human nature reign;
Self-love, to urge, and reason, to restrain;
Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call,
Each works its end, to move or govern all: 55
And to their proper operation still
Ascribe all good, to their improper, ill.
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul;
Reason’s comparing balance rules the whole.
Man, but for that, no action could attend, 60
And, but for this, were active to no end:
Fix’d like a plant on his peculiar spot,
To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot:
Or, meteor-like, flame lawless thro’ the void,
Destroying others, by himself destroy’d. 65
Most strength the moving principle requires;
Active its task, it prompts, impels, inspires.
Sedate and quiet the comparing lies,
Form’d but to check, delib’rate, and advise.
Self-love, still stronger, as its object’s nigh; 70
Reason’s at distance, and in prospect lie:
That sees immediate good by present sense;
Reason, the future and the consequence.
Thicker than arguments, temptations throng,
At best more watchful this, but that more strong. 75
The action of the stronger to suspend
Reason still use, to reason still attend.
Attention habit and experience gains;
Each strengthens reason, and self-love restrains.
Let subtle schoolmen teach these friends to fight, 80
More studious to divide than to unite;
And grace and virtue, sense and reason split,
With all the rash dexterity of wit.
Wits, just like fools, at war about a name,
Have full as oft no meaning, or the same. 85
Self-love and reason to one end aspire,
Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire;
But greedy that, its object would devour,
This taste the honey, and not wound the flow’r:
Pleasure, or wrong or rightly understood, 90
Our greatest evil, or our greatest good.
III. Modes of self-love the passions we may call:
’Tis real good, or seeming, moves them all:
But since not ev’ry good we can divide,
And reason bids us for our own provide: 95
Passions, tho’ selfish, it their means be fair,
List under Reason, and deserve her care;
Those, that imparted, court a nobler aim,
Exalt their kind, and take some virtue’s name.
In lazy apathy let stoics boast 100
Their virtue fix’d; ’tis fix’d as in a frost;
Contracted all, retiring to the breast;
But strength of mind is exercise, not rest:
The rising tempest puts in act the soul,
Parts it may ravage, but preserves the whole. 105
On life’s vast ocean diversely we sail,
Reason the card, but passion is the gale;
Nor God alone in the still calm we find,
He mounts the storm, and walks upon the wind.
Passions, like elements, tho’ born to fight, 110
Yet, mix’d and soften’d, in his work unite:
These ’tis enough to temper and employ;
But what composes man, can man destroy?
Suffice that reason keep to nature’s road,
Subject, compound them, follow her and God. 115
Love, hope, and joy, fair pleasure’s smiling train,
Hate, fear, and grief, the family of pain,
These mixt with art, and to due bounds confin’d,
Make and maintain the balance of the mind:
The lights and shades, whose well-accorded strife 120
Gives all the strength and colour of our life.
Pleasures are ever in our hands or eyes;
And, when in act they cease, in prospect rise:
Present to grasp, and future still to find,
The whole employ of body and of mind. 125
All spread their charms, but charm not all alike;
On diff’rent senses diff’rent objects strike;
Hence diff’rent passions more or less inflame,
As strong or weak, the organs of the frame;
And hence one master passion in the breast, 130
Like Aaron’s serpent, swallows up the rest.
As man, perhaps, the moment of his breath,
Receives the lurking principle of death;
The young disease, that must subdue at length,
Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength: 135
So, cast and mingled with his very frame,
The mind’s disease, its ruling passion came;
Each vital humour which should feed the whole,
Soon flows to this, in body and in soul:
Whatever warms the heart, or fills the head, 140
As the mind opens, and its functions spread,
Imagination plies her dang’rous art,
And pours it all upon the peccant part.
Nature its mother, habit is its nurse;
Wit, spirit, faculties, but make it worse; 145
Reason itself but gives it edge and pow’r,
As heav’n’s blest beam turns vinegar more sour.
We, wretched subjects tho’ to lawful sway,
In this weak queen some fav’rite still obey:
Ah! if she lend not arms, as well as rules, 150
What can she more than tell us we are fools?
Teach us to mourn our nature, not to mend,
A sharp accuser, but a helpless friend!
Or from a judge turn pleader, to persuade
The choice we make, or justify it made; 155
Proud of an easy conquest all along,
She but removes weak passions for the strong:
So, when small humours gather to a gout,
The doctor fancies he has driv’n them out.
Yes, nature’s road must ever be preferr’d; 160
Reason is here no guide, but still a guard;
’Tis hers to rectify, not overthrow,
And treat this passion more as friend than foe;
A mightier pow’r the strong direction sends,
And sev’ral men impels to sev’ral ends: 165
Like varying winds by other passions tost,
This drives them constant to a certain coast.
Let pow’r or knowledge, gol
d or glory, please,
Or (oft more strong than all) the love of ease;
Thro’ life ’tis followed, ev’n at life’s expense; 170
The merchant’s toil, the sage’s indolence,
All, all alike, find reason on their side.
Th’ eternal art educing good from ill,
Grafts on this passion our best principle:
’Tis thus the mercury of man is fix’d, 175
Strong grows the virtue with his nature mix’d;
The dross cements what else were too refin’d,
And in one int’rest body acts with mind.
As fruits, ungrateful to the planter’s care,
On savage stocks inserted, learn to bear; 180
The surest virtues thus from passions shoot,
Wild nature’s vigor working at the root.
What crops of wit and honesty appear
From spleen, from obstinacy, hate or fear!
See anger, zeal and fortitude supply; 185
Ev’n av’rice, prudence; sloth, philosophy;
Lust, thro’ some certain strainers well refin’d,
Is gentle love, and charms all womankind;
Envy, to which th’ ignoble mind’s a slave,
Is emulation in the learn’d or brave; 190
Nor virtue, male or female, can we name,
But what will grow on pride, or grow on shame.
Thus nature gives us (let it check our pride)
The virtue nearest to our vice ally’d:
Reason the byas turns to good from ill, 195
And Nero reigns a Titus, if he will,
The fiery soul abhorr’d in Catiline,
In Decius charms, in Curtius is divine:
The same ambition can destroy or save,
And makes a patriot as it makes a knave. 200
This light and darkness in our chaos join’d,
What shall divide? The God within the mind.
Extremes in nature equal ends produce,
In man they join to some mysterious use;
Tho’ each by turns the other’s bound invade, 205
As, in some well-wrought picture, light and shade,
And oft so mix, the diff’rence is too nice
Where ends the virtue or begins the vice.
Fools! who from hence into the notion fall,
That vice or virtue there is none at all. 210
If white and black blend, soften, and unite
A thousand ways, is there no black or white?
Ask your own heart, and nothing is so plain;
’Tis to mistake them, costs the time and pain.
Vice is a monster of so frightful mien, 215
As, to be hated, needs but to be seen;
Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face,
We first endure, then pity, then embrace.
But where th’ extreme of vice, was ne’er agreed:
Ask where’s the north? at York, ’tis on the Tweed; 220
In Scotland, at the Orcades; and there,
At Greenland, Zembla, or the first degree,
But thinks his neighbour farther gone than he:
Ev’n those who dwell beneath its very zone,
Or never feel the rage, or never own; 225
What happier natures shrink at with affright,
The hard inhabitant contends is right.
Virtuous and vicious ev’ry man must be,
Few in th’ extreme, but all in the degree;
The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise; 230
And ev’n the best, by fits, what they despise.
’Tis but by parts we follow good or ill;
For, vice or virtue, self directs it still;
Each individual seeks a sev’ral goal;
But heav’n’s great view is one, and that the whole, 235
That counter-works each folly and caprice;
That disappoints th’ effect of ev’ry vice;
That, happy frailties to all ranks apply’d,
Shame to the virgin, to the matron pride,
Fear to the statesman, rashness to the chief, 240
To kings presumption, and to crowds belief:
That, virtue’s ends from vanity can raise,
Which seeks no int’rest, no reward but praise;
And build on wants, and on defects of mind,
The joy, the peace, the glory of mankind. 245
Heav’n forming each on other to depend,
A master, or a servant, or a friend,
Bids each on other for assistance call,
‘Till one man’s weakness grows the strength of all.
Wants, frailties, passions, closer still ally 250
The common int’rest, or endear the tie.
To these we owe true friendship, love sincere,
Each home-felt joy that life inherits here;
Yet from the same we learn, in its decline,
Those joys, those loves, those int’rests to resign; 255
Taught half by reason, half by mere decay,
To welcome death, and calmly pass away.
Whate’er the passion — knowledge, fame, or pelf,
Not one will change his neighbour with himself.
The learn’d is happy nature to explore, 260
The fool is happy that he knows no more;
The rich is happy in the plenty giv’n,
The poor contents him with the care of heav’n.
See the blind beggar dance, the cripple sing,
The sot a hero, lunatic a king; 265
The starving chemist in his golden views
Supremely blest, the poet in his muse.
See some strange comfort ev’ry state attend,
And pride bestow’d on all, a common friend;
See some fit passion ev’ry age supply, 270
Hope travels thro’, nor quits us when we die.
Behold the child, by nature’s kindly law,
Pleas’d with a rattle, tickled with a straw:
Some livelier plaything gives his youth delight,
A little louder, but as empty quite: 275
Scarfs, garters, gold, amuse his riper stage,
And beads and pray’r-books are the toys of age:
Pleas’d with this bauble still, as that before;
‘Till tir’d he sleeps, and life’s poor play is o’er.
Meanwhile opinion gilds with varying rays 280
Those painted clouds that beautify our days;
Each want of happiness by hope supply’d,
And each vacuity of sense by pride:
These build as fast as knowledge can destroy;
In folly’s cup still laughs the bubble, joy; 285
One prospect lost, another still we gain;
And not a vanity is giv’n in vain;
Ev’n mean self-love becomes, by force divine,
The scale to measure others’ wants by thine.
See! and confess one comfort still must rise; 290
’Tis this, Tho’ man’s a fool, yet God is wise.
List of Poems in Alphabetical Order
List of Poets in Alphabetical Order
An Essay on Man. Epistle III — Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Society
Alexander Pope (1688–1744)
HERE then we rest; ‘The universal cause
Acts to one end, but acts by various laws.’
In all the madness of superfluous health,
The trim of pride, the impudence of wealth,
Let this great truth be present night and day; 5
But most be present, if we preach or pray.
Look round our world; behold the chain of love
Combining all below and all above.
See plastic nature working to this end,
The single atoms each to other tend, 10
Attract, attracted to, the next in place
Form’d and impell’d its neighbour to embrace.
See matter next, with various life endu�
��d,
Press to one centre still, the gen’ral good.
See dying vegetables life sustain, 15
See life dissolving vegetate again:
All forms that perish other forms supply,
(By turns we catch the vital breath, and die),
Like bubbles on the sea of matter born,
They rise, they break, and to that sea return. 20
Nothing is foreign; parts relate to whole;
One all-extending, all-preserving soul
Connects each being, greatest with the least;
Made beast in aid of man, and man of beast;
All serv’d, all serving: nothing stands alone; 25
The chain holds on, and where it ends, unknown.
Has God, thou fool! work’d solely for thy good,
Thy joy, thy pastime, thy attire, thy food?
Who for thy table feeds the wanton fawn,
For him as kindly spread the flow’ry lawn: 30
Is it for thee the lark ascends and sings?
Joy tunes his voice, joy elevates his wings.
Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat?
Loves of his own and raptures swell the note.
The bounding steed you pompously bestride, 35
Shares with his lord the pleasure and the pride.
Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain?
The birds of heav’n shall vindicate their grain.
Thine the full harvest of the golden year?
Part pays, and justly, the deserving steer: 40
The hog, that plows not, nor obeys thy call,
Lives on the labours of this lord of all.
Know, nature’s children all divide her care;
The fur that warms a monarch, warm’d a bear.
While man exclaims, ‘See all things for my use!’ 45
‘See man for mine!’ replies a pamper’d goose:
And just as short of reason he must fall,
Who thinks all made for one, not one for all.
Grant that the pow’rful still the weak control;
Be man the wit and tyrant of the whole: 50
Nature that tyrant checks; he only knows,
And helps, another creature’s wants and woes.
Say, will the falcon, stooping from above,
Smit with her varying plumage, spare the dove?
Admires the jay the insect’s gilded wings? 55
Or hears the hawk when Philomela sings?
Man cares for all: to birds he gives his woods,
To beasts his pastures, and to fish his floods;
For some his int’rest prompts him to provide,
All feed on one vain patron, and enjoy 60
Th’ extensive blessing of his luxury,
That very life his learned hunger craves,
He saves from famine, from the savage saves;
