Contents
* * *
Title Page
Contents
Copyright
Epigraph
The Wood Duck
The Tree of Light
Hector
Gary
An Atmosphere of Sweetness
Bees
The Silver Forest
About the Author
Connect with HMH
Copyright © 2004 by Susan Brind Morrow
All rights reserved
For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to [email protected] or to Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 3 Park Avenue, 19th Floor, New York, New York 10016.
hmhco.com
The Library of Congress has cataloged the print edition as follows:
Morrow, Susan Brind.
Wolves and honey : a hidden history of the natural world / Susan Brind Morrow.
p. cm
ISBN-13: 978-0-618-09856-9 ISBN-10: 0-618-09856-9
ISBN-13: 978-0-618-61920-7 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-618-61920-8 (pbk.)
1. New York (State)—History. 2. Natural history—New York (State). 3. Human ecology—New York (State). 4. Finger Lakes Region (N.Y.)—History. 5. Natural history—New York (State)—Finger Lakes Region. 6. Human ecology—New York (State)—Finger Lakes Region. 7. New York (State)—Biography. 8. Trappers—New York (State)—Biography. 9. Beekeepers—New York (State)—Biography. 10. Morrow, Susan Brind. I. Title.
F119.M67 2004
974.7—dc22 2004047278
An earlier version of “Bees” appeared in Harper’s Magazine.
eISBN 978-0-547-56172-1
v2.0518
first a bluebird’s halo of blue from its fluttering wings
lukos=lux, light, as of eyes shining in the dark
lukospas: “torn by wolves,” epithet of bees because they are generated from corpses torn by wolves
—LIDDELL AND SCOTT
Greek-English Lexicon
The living appearance of a bird is seldom well expressed by dried skin, however perfect it may be, and in many instances a specimen gives no hint of the grace and beauty furnished in life by the bright colors of perishable parts: the eyes, the soft skin of bill and feet of many water birds, and, in rare cases, the living feathers themselves. For there are some birds, notably the group of black-headed gulls, some terns, and the larger mergansers, whose white plumage is suffused at certain seasons with a most beautiful tinge of shell-pink or rosy cream-color which is evanescent, and soon fades from the most carefully prepared and cherished skin. The rich colors often found in the bill, legs and feet also change with the process of drying, and it is a cause of surprise and regret to students to find how meager is the literature bearing upon this important item of bird coloration . . . It early became apparent to me that if such data were to be recorded it must be done from actual specimens, painted, in short, from living or freshly taken birds, before the settling of the bodily fluids or the disintegration or absorption of pigments could take place. This, it may be said, is frequently a matter of only an instant.
—LOUIS AGASSIZ FUERTES
The Birds of New York State
Ithaca, N.Y., 1910
Everyone has noticed the influence of the American elm upon the abundance of the Baltimore oriole.
—ELON HOWARD EATON
The Birds of New York State
Canandaigua, N.Y., 1908
1
The Wood Duck
LAST NIGHT I DREAMT I saw Bob Kime. I knew we were saying goodbye. I held him tight. Then he took off his jacket and gave it to me. It was a hunting jacket, soft and old, sort of bruised, I thought, and very dear. And then he was gone.
I always thought of Bob as my own particular friend, but at the funeral home on Friday people were lined up down the block, people I didn’t know. We waited in line for an hour and a half just to get into the room to approach the open casket where his body lay. Shawn was standing beside the casket, having very much his father’s face. Had I seen the picture in the back? he said. A photograph tacked on a board among dozens of others—of Bob with his dogs, with Shawn, with snow geese on the ground at their feet—and with them one of me and Bob in our bee suits in his old red pickup twenty years ago. Last Sunday I almost called him up to ask about a hive. But then I thought, Bob will think this is pathetic, my calling like this, as though nothing has changed after all these years. If only I had called him. For on Monday he shot himself.
Like the many times I have gone out to watch the moon rise, only to find it has risen, huge and gold and silent in a place where I have failed to look, I had missed the point, and the point was aimed deep into my own life, into the golden territory of the familiar.
At the funeral on Saturday morning Terry was there, sitting in the back row a few feet from where I stood. At first I didn’t see him. Terry is in his sixties now. His black hair is white. But there were the huge sloping shoulders, the same large head, the gold outline of the glasses he has worn these last ten years as he turned to laugh with the person beside him, some stranger on edge, as we all were, in the dim yellow light of the crowded room, Bob’s soft profile, like something set in stone, occasionally visible through the rows of people shifting like rows of corn in the wind. When everyone rose to leave after the service was over I leaned forward and slipped my fingers into Terry’s large rough hand. “Well, Suzy,” he said, “all your buddies are gone now.”
…
When I was growing up we thought Terry was a Cherokee Indian. It turned out that he was simply from California, and even though he had a crew cut and was something of a math whiz, and was also, it occurred to me only later, all the while a scientist and a chemistry professor at Cornell, he was our only real experience of the sixties, of an unconventional person. For a large man, who could easily have been threatening, he had an atmosphere of total ease, of kindness, and I had taken refuge in the safety of his presence for maybe thirty years.
Later Lan and I drove down East Lake Road where the Kime fields lay in soft shining squares of pale green oats and darker soy and golden wheat, patched like a lovely quilt in a rolling sweep down toward the dark blue line of Seneca Lake. The Kime barns and dwarf apple trees and farmhouse—large and white and square, the way the farmhouses are there, with a square windowed cupola on top where one can sit and see out over the fields—stood by the road lined with maple trees, as they have stood from the earliest days of my life.
Beside the bluestone marker just beyond—a gravestone carved in the shape of a dog, a curious antique—a dirt road leads down to Anne and Terry’s cottage on a bluff above the lake, the burnt-out shell of an old log cabin of dark wood, polished now and screened, so that it recedes within a line of tall white pines and is almost invisible.
Anne has cancer, and has taken on a kind of translucence after these last months of illness, as though her fine blond hair were refined to silver. Her blue-green eyes had a radiance that surprised us as we walked in and saw her, for the first time in maybe a year.
We sat and watched the sun go down across the lake below through the broken black outlines of the trees. The faint flicker of a rainbow formed for an instant in the low sky to the north, as though it were the rim of something suddenly visible, a shining fragment of the rim of a halo. The last light fell in a wave of gold that swept quickly around the room, settling for a moment on each of us in turn. We sat quietly talking in the dark, in what seemed like a box of deep blue light, as we had in summers past, so that the evening had about it a sense of timelessness.
I reminded Terry of how once he said that everything operates on the level of four basic elements, their combining and breaking down, and that we are all “just som
e spectacular sideshow,” as though all the desperate suffering of life were simply an elaboration of this basic principle.
“What is it that makes a human being?” he had said. “What defines being human? Falling in love. And what is that? Seeing something ordinary as . . . numinous.” He thought a moment. “Seeing. The intensity of that focus, that concentration of energy, would be the heating up in which some significant transformation could take place.”
Last Monday night a friend of mine called to say that she had heard a scream, a terrifying, almost human sound, and outside found a newborn fawn, still wet from its mother, and all around it black vultures in the trees.
“Bob talked a lot of people out of trees,” Terry said, remembering how I first went to him, just wanting to be around that kind of man, a hunter, the year my brother died, “but nobody was there for him.”
…
When we were children, barely able to walk, my parents would take us out into the middle of Seneca Lake and toss us off the side of their boat into the deep green water. Although we could float in our life jackets, and there was the electric touch of the water itself, the lake seemed dense and bottomless—heavy matter, like a skin not easily shaken free. We had an instinctive dread of what could drift up through that heavy medium from below—the immense primordial sturgeon, like pale ghosts, plated in hard ridges of leathery gray.
The lake was something that we knew by heart, through our bodily senses as they themselves were formed.
In those days there were only simple cottages in the bays, little clapboard houses of one story, painted blue or white or gray. The narrow water-worn docks of splintery wood stretched out into the water on thin pipes rarely more than twenty feet.
The fields behind them glittered with the multiplicity of summer life, speckled red beetles on the milkweed leaves, the fragrance of the milkweed unbearably sweet, its gummy milk bleeding into our hands, the seed pods, their skin like pale knobby velvet, pulled back to reveal a tight silver-white pattern of satin-rimmed scales. The seeds formed the body of a tiny fish—a fish made of silk you could pull to pieces and float away.
When we first came to the cottage it was full of old things: a kind of old pine green and teal blue tinged with gray, lined plates of pale blue glass, heavy stoneware, a fieldstone fireplace, and, before it, a bearskin rug smelling of bacon grease, and after we were there, mounted fish on the walls—the walleye I had caught in Algonquin Park that was patterned green and gold, with its tall reptilian dorsal fin (how often we would get the spines of fish fins stuck in our fingers in those days, and soak them out with Epsom salts).
My parents bought the place with all its contents, and there were a lot of old books, Gene Stratton-Porter’s A Girl of the Limberlost— the story of a girl who put herself through school collecting rare moths in the swamps of Mackinaw—and The Keeper of the Bees, about a World War I veteran dying in a war hospital, who got up and staggered away, and found a garden on the sea filled with flowers in every shade of blue, a garden filled with skeps and bees.
World War I and, after the terrible shock of that war, the solace in the eternal presence of nature, were pervasive elements in the atmosphere of the place. My mother was formed by the aftermath of that war, and the books in the cottage were embedded with a sense of the time, like the musty smell embedded in their pages.
There was one green book, The Bird Study Book, with a golden moon pressed in relief on its cover, and flying across the golden moon a dark flock of geese. Years later the cover remained like a seal impression in my mind, although I had forgotten the book itself. One day in New York I called the astronomy department at Columbia University and said, “Can you see geese flying across the full moon?” Their reply, after I was put on hold for a minute, was “Yes. When there are geese flying across the full moon.”
…
My brother David became a duck hunter in his early teens. We used to go out in the boat so he could practice sighting the birds in flight at a distance around the lake when the migrations came through in the fall. We were used to seeing flocks of ducks settled on the icy water near the crumbling old stone pier as our father drove us to school in the morning down Hamilton Street. They had a mottled quality that almost shone in the crisp clear air. Some were beautifully patched with white—buffleheads and goldeneyes among the canvasbacks and redheads.
One Christmas Eve David appeared on the porch in the dark in the moss green hunting jacket my mother had made for him by hand, with a brace of canvasbacks over his shoulder. My mother would later say, “How I remember his Adam’s apple bobbing in his throat!” David, thin and blond as he was then, having recently come back as an eagle scout from Philmont, which made him even more of an outdoorsman—always up at 4:00. There he stood with the glove-soft white breasts of the ducks, their burgundy, oddly shaped heads spilling down the front of his jacket. How cold it was, the film of shining dark ice on the walk, the hard snow sparkling white beneath the trees, and my mother saying, “Well, you can pluck them outside!”
But David and I went down to the basement and spread out newspapers on the floor. I remember the sense of the gathered tension of the feathers as they ripped out from the skin with a soft puckering sound, the feathers coming loose in my hands, the soft inner down full of mites. Redheads, buffleheads, canvasbacks—the meat gamy and tough, tasting of fish, full of shot, the shot falling loose on the plate as you cut the dark-stained meat. The circular burn around the shot burned into the flesh remained, although we cooked the birds in wine for a long time.
When we were children David and I used to catch things just to look at them, and sometimes kill them to see what was inside. One summer we found a mudpuppy under the dock, purple and splotched, with gills that blossomed out like the purple buds of a Judas tree, and perfectly fingered hands. We buried it on the shore and later dug it up to see its beautifully articulated thin white bones.
…
My father was a lawyer, and we lived in town. But somehow for us as children our great experiences had to do with being outside. I have a photograph of David and me standing in the Canada woods—David in a soft blue cloth jacket with a white blond crew cut, me in faded corduroy lined with plaid. We are tiny beneath the tall trees amid the masses of green ferns. I am holding a magnifying glass toward the ground, and looking up. Thus is a life spun together through layers of sense impressions, the light speckling through the trees, the smell of dead leaves and damp earth. For me the elusive thing of value has ever been the golden light of kerosene lamps, walls of thin blond wood, tarpaper tacked over a table, some smell of damp, and just beyond—the rich outlying darkness.
…
When David died in 1981 I was studying Greek in New York. I still have taped above my desk a fragment from Ibycus:
Tou men petaloisin ep’ akrotatois
Izanoisi poikilai aiolodeiroi
Panelopes lathiporphurides te kai
Alkuoves tanusipteroi
In these lines of early Greek poetry key words are mysteries, because the author made them up. And they were never used again. All one can do is break them down into their component parts, and then guess what the composite might mean. It reminded me of oolitic stone: in the words, as in the thing described, the beauty lay in the flaws themselves, the irregularities—the speckling, the splotching, the mixing up.
There was aiolodeiroi—throats that shone with their dappling of color—with aiolos implying a moving brightness, a glittering, a speckling, as in aiola nux, the starry sky.
The fragment went something like this:
Among the highest leaves they sat—
The mottled ducks, with throats
That almost shone;
And halcyons
that secretly grow red
with wings outstretched.
One could only think, reading this, of the American wood duck with its shining splotches of color, its white speckled throat, its silver-blue wings like the panes in cathedral windows. I don’t know if there
is another duck that lives in trees. The wood duck was a rare bird when I was growing up. Its populations had been decimated by the nineteenth-century fashion industry. I had never seen one, only in pictures in books.
The hardest word was lathiporphurides—with porphyry, a word that means brightness itself, an emphatic doubling of the word for living brightness— pur, fire, the moving brightness of burning red, or the heaving of the sea with its glittering changing light. Here attached to lathi, meaning “in stealth.” The Greek dictionary made a leap into the violence implicit in the color red, and translated the word “feeds in the dark.”
…
I can’t remember the day I met Bob Kime, he came into my life so quietly, and was so utterly familiar.
My father and I would sometimes stop by his house near the lake on Sunday afternoons when some of his friends were over shooting clay pigeons. The men would be standing in a line, with great seriousness of purpose, aiming and shooting down the little clay discs as they were flung into the air out of the machine with a rapid clicking noise.
I was never much of a shot, but when I was growing up it was considered important to know how to handle a gun. I had been target shooting from the age of eight. As a teenager I had my own Remington, and later even a pistol permit. There was a great deal of pleasure in sighting the discs as they fell rapidly through the sky, pulling the trigger, and seeing them shatter into pieces.
Bob would be standing in the line all the while, casually joking as we all were. When one of us missed, he would stop midsentence, raise his shotgun to his shoulder with a certain ease, and pick off the disc before it hit the ground.
He was an ordinary man of medium build, with dark hair and dark eyebrows. But he had a kind of antique face: soft features, eyes set a little wide apart, the kind of face one might imagine an American farmer having had a century or two ago—and indeed his family had been farming the land on the east side of Seneca Lake for a long time.
Wolves & Honey Page 1
