by James Laxer
Jim Poling, Sr., Tecumseh: Shooting Star, Crouching Panther (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2009), 45.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 71, 72.
Adam Shortt and Arthur G. Doughty, Canada and Its Provinces, vol. 3 (Toronto: Publishers’ Association of Canada, 1914), 149.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 81.
Wayne Moquin with Charles Van Doren, eds., Great Documents in American Indian History (New York: Praeger, 1973), 132.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 83.
Chapter 3: A New Power
Samuel Eliot Morison and Henry Steele Commager, The Growth of the American Republic, 7th ed., vol. 1 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), 380–81.
John M. Murrin, Paul E. Johnson, James M. McPherson, Gary Gerstle, and Emily S. Rosenberg, Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, 6th ed., vol. 1 (Beverly, MA: Wadsworth, 2012), 217.
James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States, to James Monroe and William Pinkney, United States Ministers to Great Britain, Department of State, 20 May 1807, in Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States: Canadian Relations, 1784–1860, vol. 1, 1784–1820, ed. William R. Manning (Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1940), 177–78.
John M. Murrin, Paul E. Johnson, James M. McPherson, Gary Gerstle, and
Emily S. Rosenberg, Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American
People, 6th ed., vol. 1 (Beverly, MA: Wadsworth, 2012), 217.
David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, eds., Encyclopedia of the War of 1812, (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2004), 156.
Ibid., 168.
Theodore Roosevelt, The Naval War of 1812 (n.p.: Seven Treasures Publications, 1999; first published 1882 by G. Putnam’s Sons), 23.
N. A. M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815 (London: Penguin, 2004), 566.
William James, The Naval History of Great Britain, new edition by Captain Chamier, R. N., vol. 4 [London, 1837], 324, cited in Theodore Roosevelt, The Naval War of 1812 (n.p.: Seven Treasures Publications, 2009; first published 1882 by G. Putnam’s Sons), 21.
Theodore Roosevelt, The Naval War of 1812 (n.p.: Seven Treasures Publications, 2009; first published 1882 by G. Putnam’s Sons), 21–22.
Robert V. Remini, Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), 29.
Ibid., 61.
Jay Feldman, When the Mississippi Ran Backwards: Empire, Intrigue, Murder, and the New Madrid Earthquakes (New York: Free Press, 2005), 197.
“Speech on the Resolution of the Committee on Foreign Relations, December 12, 1811,” in Union and Liberty: The Political Philosophy of John C. Calhoun, ed. Ross M. Lence (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1992), The Online Library of Liberty, 192. PDF copy available at http://oll.libertyfund.org.
Robert V. Remini, Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), 60.
A. J. Langguth, Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence, paperback edition (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006), 151.
Jon Latimer, 1812: War with America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 31.
“Speech on the Resolution of the Committee on Foreign Relations, December 12, 1811,” in Union and Liberty: The Political Philosophy of John C. Calhoun, ed. Ross M. Lence (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1992), The Online Library of Liberty, 192. PDF copy available at http://oll.libertyfund.org.
Walter Borneman, 1812: The War that Forged a Nation (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 29.
Chapter 4: Isaac Brock and the
Defence of the Canadas
N. A. M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815 (London: Penguin, 2004), 608.
Gregory Fremont-Barnes, The Royal Navy, 1793–1815 (Oxford: Osprey, 2007), 32.
Ibid., 44.
Ibid., 46.
Ibid., 10.
John Keegan, Battle at Sea: From Man-of-War to Submarine (London: Pimlico, 2004), 7–8.
Wesley B. Turner, British Generals in the War of 1812: High Command in the Canadas (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1999), 11–12.
Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq., ed., The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 4–5.
Ibid., 18.
Ibid., 8, 11–13.
Brock to Lieutenant-Colonel John Brock, 81st Regiment, at the Cape of Good Hope, London, 26 November 1799, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 13.
Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq., ed., The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 16–17.
Adam Shortt and Arthur G. Doughty, Canada and Its Provinces, vol. 3
(Toronto: Publishers’ Association of Canada, 1914), 150–51.
Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq., ed., The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 25–32.
Wesley B. Turner, British Generals in the War of 1812: High Command in the Canadas (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1999), 61.
Jon Latimer, 1812: War with America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 37–38.
Brock to his brothers, Quebec, 19 November 1808, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 73–74.
Brock to his brother Irving, Niagara, 10 January 1811, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 87.
Brock to his sister-in-law, Mrs. W. Brock, Quebec, 8 June 1810, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 76–77.
Ibid.
Colonel Baynes to Brigadier Brock, at Fort George, Quebec, 4 March 1811, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 99.
Chapter 5: Showdown
Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 474.
John Sugden, Tecumseh: A Life (New York: Henry Holt, 1997), 105–6.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 125–26.
John Sugden, Tecumseh: A Life (New York: Henry Holt, 1997), 183–85.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 125, 126.
Edward Egglestone and Lillie Egglestone Seelye, The Shawnee People, or The Story of Tecumseh (London, 1880), 182–86, cited in Carl F. Klinck, ed., Tecumseh: Fact and Fiction in Early Records (Ottawa: Tecumseh Press, 1978), 71–72.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 127, 128.
Ibid., 128–29.
Ibid., 129.
Ibid., 142.
Ibid., 138.
Gilbert Collins, Guidebook to the Historic Sites of the War of 1812 (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2006), 41.
John Sugden, Tecumseh: A Life (New Y
ork: Henry Holt, 1997), 212–13.
Ibid.
Ibid., 248–57.
Sean Michael O’Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson’s Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), 21–22.
Ibid., 9, 11.
Gregory Evans Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), 152–54.
Michael D. Green, The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 39.
Sean Michael O’Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson’s Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), 1.
Gregory Evans Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), 152.
Sean Michael O’Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson’s Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), 13.
Michael D. Green, The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 39.
Gregory Evans Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), 146–47.
Everett T. Tomlinson, Tecumseh’s Young Braves: A Story of the Creek War (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1897), 24.
Sean Michael O’Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson’s Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), 19.
Ibid., 19–20, 23.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 226.
John Sugden, Tecumseh: A Life (New York: Henry Holt, 1997), 245–46.
Jay Feldman, When the Mississippi Ran Backwards: Empire, Intrigue, Murder, and the New Madrid Earthquakes (New York: Free Press, 2005), 5–6.
Anders Breidlid, Fredrik Chr. Brøgger, Øyvind T. Gulliksen, and Torbjorn Sirevag, eds., American Culture: An Anthology of Civilization Texts (London: Routledge, 1996), 10–13.
Sean Michael O’Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson’s Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), 23.
Allan W. Eckert, A Sorrow in Our Heart: The Life of Tecumseh (New York: Bantam, 1993), 662.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 144.
Michael D. Green, The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 39.
Sean Michael O’Brien, In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson’s Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), 23.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 145.
Chapter 6: The Prophet
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 105.
Ibid., 63.
Ibid., 86.
Ibid., 86–88.
Ibid., 87.
Roger L. Di Silvestro, In the Shadow of Wounded Knee (New York: Walker, 2007), 65.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 88.
Arthur J. Leighton, “‘Eyes on the Wabash’: A History of Indiana’s Indian People from Pre-Contact through Removal” (Ph.D thesis, Purdue University, 2007), 228.
John Sugden, Tecumseh: A Life (New York: Henry Holt, 1997), 122–23.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 88.
Ibid., 89.
Ibid., 89–90.
Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq., ed., The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 243, 244.
R. David Edmunds, The Shawnee Prophet (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 104.
Benjamin Drake, Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians (Cincinnati: E. Morgan, 1841), 146.
Jay Feldman, When the Mississippi Ran Backwards: Empire, Intrigue, Murder, and the New Madrid Earthquakes (New York: Free Press, 2005), 77.
Ibid., 77–78.
Ibid., 78.
Ibid., 197.
Ibid., 79–80.
Ibid., 81–82.
Colonel H. R. Gordon, Tecumseh, Chief of the Shawanoes: A Tale of the War of 1812 (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1898), 66.
Jay Feldman, When the Mississippi Ran Backwards: Empire, Intrigue, Murder, and the New Madrid Earthquakes (New York: Free Press, 2005), 83.
Chapter 7: Brock on the Eve of War
Adam Shortt and Arthur G. Doughty, Canada and Its Provinces, vol. 4
(Toronto: Publishers’ Association of Canada, 1914), 209.
Jac Weller, Wellington at Waterloo (Barnsley, UK: Greenhill Books, 1992), 24.
Jon Latimer, 1812: War with America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 8–9.
Stuart Reid, British Redcoat, 1793–1815 (Oxford: Osprey, 1997), 18–21.
Ibid., 24.
Gregory Fremont-Barnes, The Royal Navy, 1793–1815 (Oxford: Osprey, 2007), 54–57.
Jon Latimer, 1812: War with America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 8.
John Keegan, Battle at Sea: From Man-of-War to Submarine (London: Pimlico, 2004), 6.
Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq., The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 123–24.
Brock to Colonel Baynes, the Adj.-General, York, 12 February 1812, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 150.
Brock to Sir George Prevost, York, 16 May 1812, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 174.
Brock to Lieut.-General Sir G. Prevost, Bart., at Quebec, York, 2 December 1811, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 127–28.
Ibid., 128.
Ibid., 129.
Ibid., 124.
Ibid., 123–24.
Ibid., 124.
Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq., ed., The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 144, 145.
Brock to Sir George Prevost, York, February 1812, in The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B., ed. Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 153.
Sir Isaac Brock Papers, M.G. 24, A1, vol. 1, 26–27, National Archives of Canada.
Prevost to Brock, 30 April 1812, Sir Isaac Brock Papers, M.G. 24, A1, vol. 1, NAC Reel C-4621, National Archives of Canada.
Prevost to Brock, 27 May 1812, Sir Isaac Brock Papers, M.G. 24, A1, vol. 1, 26–27, National Archives of Canada.
Chapter 8: The United States Declares War
on Great Britain
Official Letters of the Military and Naval Officers of the United States, during the War with Great Britain in the Years 1812, 13, 14 & 15, collected and annotated by John Brannan (Washington, 1823), 12–14.
Ibid., 12–15.
Walter Borneman
, 1812: The War that Forged a Nation (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 49, 50.
D. B. Read, Q.C., Life and Times of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B.
(Toronto: William Briggs, 1894), 121–24.
Ibid., 127–28.
Ferdinand Brock Tupper, Esq., ed., The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1847), 197, 198.
Brock to Prevost, 3 July 1812, Sir Isaac Brock Papers, M.G. 24, A1, vol. 1, NAC Reel C-4621, National Archives of Canada.
Prevost to Brock, 7 July 1812, Sir Isaac Brock Papers, M.G. 24, A1, vol. 1, 26–27, National Archives of Canada.
Prevost to Brock, 10 July 1812, Sir Isaac Brock Papers, M.G. 24, A1, vol. 1, NAC Reel C-4621, National Archives of Canada.
Walter Borneman, 1812: The War that Forged a Nation (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 57.
William James, A Full and Correct Account of The Military Occurrences of the Late War Between Great Britain and The United States Of America, with an Appendix and Plates, vol. 1 (London, 1818), 77.
Donald R. Hickey, The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1995), 74.
Jefferson to General Thaddeus Kosciusko, 28 June 1812, Monticello, in The Works of Thomas Jefferson, 12 vols., federal edition (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904–5), 258.
Hickey, Donald R., The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1995), 88.
David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, eds., Encyclopedia of the War of 1812, paperback edition (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2004), 247–49, 417–18.
A. J. Langguth, Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence, paperback edition (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006), 178.
William Hull, Memoirs of the Campaign of the North Western Army of the United States, A. D. 1812: In a Series of Letters Addressed to the Citizens of the United States (Boston: True and Greene, 1824), 40–41.
