by Huang, Yunte
“Brevities.” HSB (June 6, 1924).
“Writer Boosts Hawaii in Tale.” HSB (February 9, 1925).
Helen Walker, “Lecture by Earl Derr Biggers.” Pasadena Star-News (April 11, 1925).
“Earl D. Biggers to Get Big Key.” HSB (April 15, 1925).
“Earl Derr Biggers Receives Key to the City of Honolulu.” HSB (June 19, 1925).
“The Mainland Mail.” HSB (July 2, 1925).
“Author Biggers Here to Dig Up New Mysteries.” HA (July 5, 1928).
“Charlie Chan At It Again.” New York Times (June 21, 1931).
“Chang Apana Detective, In Fact and Fiction.” Honolulu Police Journal (October 1931).
“Chang Apana Is Struck By Auto.” HSB (May 3, 1932).
“Apana Pension Total Will Be $123 A Month.” HSB (May 13, 1932).
Ah Huna Tong, “Chang Apana Had Long and Enviable Record on Force.” HA (May 22, 1932).
“The True Story of Charlie Chan As Confessed by His Creator, Earl Derr Biggers.” HA (September 11, 1932).
“Many Present at Rites for Noted Sleuth.” HA (December 18, 1933).
Chester A. Doyle, “Charley Chan and Officer Apana.” HSB (December 1, 1935).
Helen K. Wilder, “About ‘Charlie Chan’ Apana.” HSB (January 3, 1936).
Books and Articles
Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams, ed. Jean Gooder. New York: Penguin, 1995.
Ai, Chung Kun. My Seventy Nine Years in Hawaii. Hong Kong: Cosmorama Pictorial Publisher, 1960. Bacon, Francis. The Advancement of Learning, ed. G. W. Kitchin. New York:
E. P. Dutton, 1934.
Ballard, J. G. A User’s Guide to the Millennium. New York: HarperCollins, 1996.
Bergere, Marie-Claire. Sun Yat-sen, trans. Janet Lloyd. Stanford, CA: Stan ford University Press, 1998.
Berlin, Howard. The Charlie Chan Film Encyclopedia. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000.
Biggers, Earl Derr. Behind the Curtain. First published 1928; reprint, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1940.
———. The Black Camel. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1929.
———. “Chang Apana Carries On.” In Fox Film Pressbook, circa January
1932.
———. Charlie Chan Carries On. First published 1930; reprint, New York:
Pyramid Books, 1969.
———. The Chinese Parrot. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1926.
———. Harvard College Class of 1907 Twenty-fifth Anniversary Report, 1932.
———. The House Without a Key. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1925.
———. Keeper of the Keys. First published 1932; reprint, New York: Bantam Books, 1975.
———. Seven Keys to Baldpate. First published 1913; reprint, Holicong, PA: Wildside Press, 2003.
Bird, Isabella Lucy. Six Months in the Sandwich Islands: Among Hawaii’s Palm Groves, Coral Reefs, and Volcanoes. First published 1881; reprint, Honolulu: Mutual Publishing, 1998.
Black, Cobey. Hawaii Scandal. Waipahu, HI: Island Heritage Publishing, 2002.
Bogle, Donald. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. New 3d ed. New York: Continuum, 1996.
Brennan, Joseph. The Parker Ranch of Hawaii: The Saga of a Ranch and a Dynasty. New York: John Day Company, 1974.
Brodersen, Momme. Walter Benjamin: A Biography, trans. Malcolm R. Green and Ingrida Ligers. New York: Verso, 1989.
Bureau of Immigration. “Report of President of Bureau of Immigration to Legislative Assembly.” In Bureau of Immigration Reports, 1886.
Cao, Lan, and Himilce Novas. Everything You Need to Know about Asian-American History. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Carmer, Carl. Stars Fell on Alabama. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1934.
Char, Tin-Yuke. The Sandalwood Mountains: Readings and Stories of the Early Chinese in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1975.
Char, Wai-Jane. “Chinese Merchant-Adventures and Sugar Masters in Hawaii: 1802–1852.” Hawaiian Journal of History 8 (1974).
Chin, Frank. Bulletproof Buddhists and Other Essays. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998.
———. The Chinaman Pacific and Frisco R.R. Co.: Stories. Minneapolis: Coffee House Press, 1988.
———. “Come All Ye Asian American Writers of the Real and the Fake.” In The Big Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Chinese American and Japanese American Literature, ed. Jeffery Paul Chan et al. New York: Meridian, 1991.
Christie, Agatha. The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. First published 1926; reprint, New York: Penguin, 2000.
Cleveland, Richard J. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises. Cambridge, UK: John Owen, 1842.
Condon, Richard. The Manchurian Candidate. First published 1959; reprint, New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2003.
Cook, James. Voyages of Discovery. Compiled by John Barrow from authorized 18th-Century Admiralty Editions and documents. Chicago: Chicago Academy Publishers, 1993.
Daniels, Roger. Asian America: Chinese and Japanese in the United States since 1850. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988.
Darrow, Clarence. The Story of My Life. New York: Scribner’s, 1932.
Daws, Gavan. Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
Dougherty, Michael. To Steal a Kingdom. Waimanalo, HI: Island Style Press, 1992.
Doyle, Arthur Conan. Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Novels and Stories. vols. I, II. New York: Bantam, 2003.
Dye, Bob. Merchant Prince of the Sandalwood Mountains: Afong and the Chinese in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.
Dyer, Richard. Stars. London: BFI, 1979.
Femina, Jerry Della. “Charlie Chan and the Politically Correct Mafia.” Jewish World Review (April 30, 2004).
Fischer, Lucy, ed. American Cinema of the 1920s: Themes and Variations. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2009.
Fishman, Ted C. China Inc.: How the Rise of the Next Superpower Challenges America and the World. New York: Scribner, 2005.
Glick, Clarence E. Sojourners and Settlers: Chinese Immigrants in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1980.
Greer, Richard A. “‘Sweet and Clean’: The Chinatown Fire of 1886.” Hawaiian Journal of History 10 (1976).
Gregorich, Barbara, “Charlie Chan’s Poppa: The Life of Earl Derr Biggers.” Timeline: A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society (January–February, 1999).
Hagedorn, Jessica, ed. Charlie Chan Is Dead: An Anthology of Contemporary Asian American Fiction. New York: Penguin, 1993.
Hanes, W. Travis III, and Frank Sanello. The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another. First published 1975; reprint, New York: Barnes and Noble Publishing, 2002.
Hanke, Ken. Charlie Chan at the Movies: History, Filmography, and Criticism.
Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1989.
———. “The Great Chan Ban.” Scarlet Street 50 (2004).
Harrow, Joseph. “Value of ‘Unimportant’ Evidence Shown in Murder Solution.” Honolulu Police Journal 1:2 (December 1931).
Harte, F. Bret. The Heathen Chinee. Chicago: Western News Company, 1870.
———. Stories in Light and Shadow. London: C. Arthur Pearson, 1898.
Hawaiian Humane Society. Poi Dogs and Popoki. Honolulu: Hawaiian Humane Society, 1997.
Hayakawa, Sessue. Zen Showed Me the Way, ed. Croswell Bowen. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1960.
Helper, Hinton R. The Land of Gold: Reality versus Fiction. Baltimore: Henry Taylor, 1855.
Higham, John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism 1860–1925. New York: Atheneum, 1955.
Hodges, Graham Russell Gao. Anna May Wong: From Laundryman’s Daughter to Hollywood Legend. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Huang, Yunte. CRIBS. Kaneohe, HI: Tinfish Press, 2005.
———. Transpacific Displacement: Ethnography, Translation, and Intertextual Travel in Twentieth-Century American Literature. Berk
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———. Transpacific Imaginations: History, Literature, Counterpoetics. Cam bridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
Hunter, Edward. Brain-washing in Red China: The Calculated Destruction of Men’s Minds. New York: Vanguard Press, 1951.
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University of Hawaii Press, 1984.
Jen, Gish. “Challenging the Asian Illusion.” New York Times (August 11, 1991).
Jew, Victor. “Metro Goldwyn Mayer and Glorious Descendant: The Contra dictions of Chinese American Employment in the Hollywood Studio System during the 1930s.” Paper presented at the 2003 meeting of the American Historical Association.
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Lee, Robert G. Orientals: Asian Americans in Popular Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999.
Lewis, Sinclair. Main Street. First published 1920; reprint, New York: Penguin, 1995.
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———. “Modern History of Hawaii.” Master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 1990.
Merlin, Mark, and Dan VanRavenswaay. “The History of Human Impact on the Genus Santalum in Hawaii.” USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-122, 1990.
Miyao, Daisuke. Sessue Hayakawa: Silent Cinema and Transnational Stardom. Durham: NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
Montgomery, David. Fall of the House of Labor. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
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———. President Fu Manchu. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1936.
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Wilder, Kinau. Wilders of Waikiki. Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Company, 1978.
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Xu, Guangping. Huiyi Luxun: Shinian xieshou gong jianwei (Recollections of Luxun: A decade of being together, through thick and thin). Shijiaz huang, China: Hebei Jiaoyu Publishing House, 2000.
Zhang, Wei. Qianchen Yingshi: Zhongguo zaoqi dianying de linglei saomiao (Past movie matters: Other sketches of early Chinese films). Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 2004.
* Clark’s hypothetical nightmare did, in fact, come true: When Hawaii became the fiftieth state in 1959, “a rabble” of predominantly brown and yellow voters in the islands sent the nation’s first Chinese senator, Hiram Fong, to Washington. A self-made millionaire and son of a Chinese immigrant, Senator Fong would take his seat in the congressional chamber across from Strom Thurmond and James Eastland, two staunch segregationist Dixiecrats. The more astonishing fact—that a boy born in Honolulu to a white Kansan mother and a black African father would one day be elected president of the United States—would be simply beyond the pale of Clark’s wildest imaginings.
* When Leonard Freeman was in Honolulu in the late 1960s to work on the scripts for Hawaii Five-O, he often ate at Wo Fat, which would become the name of the Chinese villain in the television series.
* On January 8, 1934, two years to the day after the death of Joseph Kahahawai, Thalia Massie filed for divorce on the grounds of extreme mental cruelty. In the remaining decades of her troubled life, she tried to commit suicide at least twice and eventually died of a barbiturate overdose on July 3, 1963, in an apartment near her mother in Palm Beach. Her ex-husband, Thomas Massie, was institutionalized at St. Elizabeth Hospital, near Washington, DC, in 1940. He was subsequently released and then he retired from the U.S. Navy with a permanent physical disability. After a quiet civilian life, he died on January 8, 1987, fifty-five years, again to the day, after the murder of Kahahawai. Only Grace Fortescue thrived, living comfortably off an inheritance from her father. At eighty-seven, she was once spotted parasailing in Acapulco. She died in 1979, at the age of ninety-five, sixteen years after the death of her troubled daughter.
te, Charlie Chan: The Untold Story of the Honorable Detective and His Rendezvous with American History
