London, 12, 89
Lopatin, General Alexander, 172
losses, Soviet in 1941, 117
in Finnish war, 56
in Kursk battle, 212
in Leningrad siege, 112
of officers, 214
over whole war, 287–9
in Stalingrad battle, 185
Lozgachev, Peter, 320
Lublin, 66, 68, 239, 244, 247
Lubyanka, 22, 29, 32, 43, 69, 137, 300, 311, 319
Ludwig, Emil, 15, 292
Lutze, Viktor, 151
Lvov, 239, 244
Magdeburg, 278
Magnuszew, 244
Maidenek extermination camp, 260
Main Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps (Gulag), 228
Main Headquarters – see Stavka
Main Military Council (formerly Revolutionary Military Council), 54, 57, 188, 305
Maisky, Ivan, 40, 167, 168
Malenkov, Georgi, 81, 307, 317, 320, 321
Malinovsky, Marshal Roman, 185
Malta, 252
Mamayev Kurgan, 171, 172, 173, 178
Manchuria, 136, 286, 287
Manhattan Project, 313
Mannerheim Line, 56
Manstein, Field Marshal Erich von, 10, 156, 179, 181, 185, 198, 206, 219
Mayakovsky Square, 114
McCarthy, Joseph, 309
Mein Kampf, 34, 35
Meir, Golda, 310
Mekhlis, Lev, 32, 81, 187
Memel, 47
Meretskov, General Kirill, 58, 59, 67, 69, 81, 100, 110
Merkulov, Nikolai, 300
Mikhoels, Solomon, 138, 310
Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw, 247, 248
Mikoyan, Anastas, 79
military commissars, 8, 158, 160, 188
Military Council – see Revolutionary Military Council
militia units, 80, 92
Miller, General Eugene, 38
Minsk, 73, 76, 78, 86, 125, 151, 237, 239, 243, 248, 260, 310
Model, Field Marshal Walther, 10, 203, 204, 205, 206, 243
Mogilev, 125
Moldova, 286
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 35, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47–9, 51, 54, 63–4, 74, 78, 96, 136, 219, 220, 283, 285, 287, 297, 308, 313, 318
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact – see German-Soviet Pact
Mongolia, 286
Moscow, 1, 6, 10, 12, 25, 27, 35, 39, 54, 62, 108, 154, 158, 177, 212, 213, 226, 248, 265, 277, 305, 306, 307, 308, 312, 314and 1941 panic, 97
in 1942, 156–8, 163, 168
in 1943, 198
and civil war, 1, 5
and evacuation, 96–7
and German attack, 76, 80, 85, 89, 91, 92, 95–7, 112–14, 115–18, 120, 129, 214
and Stalin/Churchill meeting, 251–2
Moscow-Volga Canal, 115, 119
Mozhaisk Line, 113
Mukden, 286
Munich Conference, 40, 41, 274
Murmansk, 53, 197
Museum of the Defence of Leningrad, 308
Mussolini, Benito, 40
Nagasaki, 316
Napoleon Bonaparte, 88, 115, 143, 239, 256
Nazi-Soviet Pact – see German-Soviet Pact
Nebe, Artur, 125
Neisse River, 267, 271
Nekrasov, Viktor, 176
Netherlands, 59
Nevsky, Prince Aleksandr, 115, 162
New Economic Policy, (NEP), 13
New Zealand, 111
NKGB (KGB), 304, 305, 307, 318, 320
NKVD (Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 17, 22, 24, 44, 80, 81, 82, 104, 110, 138, 158, 160, 202, 225, 228, 229, 253, 285, 300, 303, 308, 329and 1930s terror, 24
and ambassadors' trial, 136
and army discipline, 81–3, 213
and deportations, 51, 60, 232–4
and Katyn, 296
and Kuropaty, 296
and military purges, 24–8
and Moscow panic, 97
and Order 227, 160
and partisans, 146, 151
in Poland, 51–3
at Potsdam, 282–3, 285
in Spain, 38
Normandy invasion, 237, 240, 244
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 316
North Korea, 286
North Star, The (film), 147
Novikov, Marshal Aleksandr, 191–2, 305
Nowogradek, 146
nuclear bombs - see atomic bombs
Nuremberg Trials, 294–7
Oboyan, 206
Oder River, 257, 260, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267
Odessa, 1, 141, 306
OGPU (State Political Directorate), 21
Olkhovatka, 204
Omsk, 303
Operation Bagration, 239, 241–6, 249, 256
Operation Blue, 157
Operation Cottbus, 147
Operation Koltso (Ring), 181, 183
Operation Kutuzov, 211
Operation Munich, 147
Operation Myth, 277
Operation Rumyantsev, 211
Operation Saturn, 181
Operation Torch, 168
Operation Typhoon, 92, 93, 105
Operation Uranus, 171, 177, 178–80
Orbeli, Josef, 108
Order Number 1, 8, 330
Order Number 277, ‘Not a Step Back!’, 158, 160, 161
Order Number 270, 80, 301
Orel, 1, 93, 128, 199, 211, 212, 302
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, 83–4
Oshima, Hiroshi, 203
Osinovets, 109
Overlord, 231, 237, 240
Pale of Settlement, 136
Palestine, 147
Panfilov men, 116, 117
Panin, Dmitri, 228, 229, 230, 231–2
partisans, 134, 142–50
Pas de Calais, 238
Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich, 165, 166, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180–83, 184, 185, 294
Pavlov, General Dmitri, 66, 67, 81, 113
Peggetz, 301
penal battalions, 160, 215
Persian Gulf, 63, 197
Peter the Great, 292
Petrograd (see Leningrad), 1, 2, 330
Petrov, Konstantin, 18
Pilsudski, Marshal Josef, 256
Plevitskaya, Nadezhda, 38
Ploesti oil fields, 60, 239, 249
Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Admiral Sir Reginald, 46
Podborove, 109
Poland, 5, 59, 68, 135, 251, 257, 260, 266, 271, 311–12in 1920s, 5
in 1939, 36, 41, 43–6, 50
and Allies, 247–9, 251, 253, 254, 284
under Soviet occupation, 51–5, 61, 82, 83, 137, 146
Pole Star, 109
Polish Committee for National Liberation, 247
Polish Home Army, 246–7, 248, 249, 311
Poltava, 128
Ponomarenko, Panteleymon, 145
Ponryi, 204
Port Arthur, 286
Poskrebyshev, Aleksandr, 318
Potsdam Conference, 281–91, 293, 295, 314
Poznan, 263, 264
Prague, 131
Pripet Marshes, 242
prison camps origins, 21
post-war, 297–8, 299, 301–2, 308
in wartime, 227–33
prisoners-of-war, 52–3, 127, 260, 297–9, 301, 309
Prokhorovka, 206, 207, 208, 210
Psel River, 206
Pulawy, 244
purges, 25–33, 37, 307–8
Rail Campaign, 150
rationing, 110, 224–6
rearmament, 19
reconstruction, 291–2
Red Army in 1920s, 6, 11–12
and 1941 war games, 66–7
and Bagration, 242–6
and Berlin, 262, 265–73
in civil war, 1, 2, 3
and co-operation with Germany, 10–11
and counter-offensive at Moscow, 119–20, 129
and early defeats, 90–91, 93
at Kursk, 200–201, 203–10
and
liberation of camps, 260–61
and Manchuria, 285
and partisans, 150
preparedness in 1941, 64–9
and siege of Leningrad, 111
and Stalingrad, 171–7
and Timoshenko reforms, 57–9
and war in Poland, 51
and Warsaw Rising, 247–8
and wartime reforms, 187–9, 190–91
Red Army Main Political Directorate, 32
Red October Factory, 164
Red Orchestra spy ring, 103
Reichenau, Field Marshal Walther von, 84, 182
Reichstag, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276
Reichswehr, 9
Reims, 278, 279
reparations, 284
repatriation, 298, 304
Revolutionary Military Council, 6, 7, 11, 29
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 47, 48–50, 51, 53, 62–3
Riga, 140, 163
Riga, Treaty of, 5
Road of Life – see Ice Road
Rodimtsev, General Alexander, 173, 174
Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin, 30, 82, 179, 184, 200, 201, 203, 206, 207, 242, 248, 263, 281, 306
Romania, 5, 40, 43, 48, 60, 62, 63, 65, 239, 250, 286
Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 156
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 194, 212, 220–22, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 267, 280, 282, 291, 327
Rostov-on-Don, 158, 164, 181
Rotmistrov, General Pavel, 207, 208, 209, 210, 217, 239
Rovno, 133
Rudenko, Gen. Roman, 294
Rudenko, Marshal Sergei, 325
Russian liberation movement, 130
Russian National Army of Liberation, 128–9, 130, 298
Russian Orthodox Church, 162, 163
Rybalko, Marshal P. S., 244, 271, 272
‘Sacred Cow’, 252
Sakhalin, 253, 286, 287
Schlieffen Plan, 35
Schlüsselburg, 102
Schnurre, Karl, 47
Schulenburg, Friedrich von der, 48, 49, 74
Schutzstaffel (SS), 83–4, 127, 131, 135, 139, 140, 144, 206
Second front, 168, 221–2, 240, 243
Seelöw heights, 265, 266, 268, 269
self-propelled artillery, 193, 203–4, 207
Semipalatinsk, 315
Sergei, Metropolitan of Moscow, 162
Serov, Ivan, 304
Sevastopol, 73, 156
Shaposhnikov, Marsal Boris, 11, 29, 54, 65, 93, 122, 166
Shkuro, General Andrei, 300
Shostakovich, Dmitri, 108, 220
Shpigelglaz, Mikhail, 27
Shpigelglaz, Sergei, 138
Shtemenko, Marshal Sergei, 189, 199, 237, 241
Shtern, Lina, 311
Shvernik, N. M., 170
Silesia, 66, 253, 257, 260, 263, 264, 267
Simonov, Konstantin, 80, 163, 172, 176, 317, 324
Siret River, 250
Skoblin, Nikolai, 38
Smersh, 261, 277, 278, 300, 301, 302, 304
Smith, General Bedell, 278
Smolensk, 53, 65, 86, 87, 91, 102, 130, 147, 217, 295
Smolesnk Declaration, 130
Sobibor extermination camp, 260
Solovki, 21
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 229, 230, 262
Sorge, Richard, 70, 118
Sovetsky, 179
Soviet-Finnish War, 55–7, 60, 241, 294, 295
Soviet Information Bureau, 138
Spaatz, General Carl, 279
Spain, 100
Spanish Civil War, 37, 55
Special Committee for the Atom Bomb, 314
Spittal, 300
Spree River, 271
Stakhanov, Alexander, 18
Stalin, Josef in 1920s, 11
and 1941 war games, 66–7
and anti-Semitism, 135, 172, 309–11
and attack on Moscow, 112–13, 117
and Berlin, 255, 256, 262–3, 267
in civil war, 2, 3
and collectivization, 23
and Czech crisis, 40, 42
death of, 320–21
and defeat of France, 59
and Doctors' Plot, 319–20
and fate of Warsaw, 243, 244, 247–9
final years, 316–18
as General Secretary, 6, 15
as Generalissimus, 280, 281, 287
and general staff, 187–9
and German alliance, 37
and German Pact, 48–50, 53–5
and German surrender, 278–81
and Kirov murder, 24
and Kursk, 199–200, 202–3, 211–12
meetings with Churchill, 167–8, 251–2
and military expansion, 18–20
and military purges, 26–30
and Moscow counteroffensive, 120–22
and nationalities, 232–3
and negotiations with Britain and France, 40–43
and Order Number 227, 158
origins, 13–14
and outbreak of war, 73–7
and partisan war, 145, 147, 150
personality, 13–14, 15–16, 23, 280–82, 290–93
and post-war purges, 304–8
at Potsdam, 281–5
and pre-war intelligence, 69–72
and religion, 162–3
and Roosevelt's death, 267
and Soviet atrocities, 261–2
and Soviet-Finnish war, 57
and Spanish Civil War, 38
and Stalingrad, 166, 181, 185
stays in Moscow, 97–8
and Teheran Conference, 220–22
and war preparations, 67–9
and Yalta Conference, 252–6
Stalin, Yakov, 81
Stalingrad, 93, 128, 149, 158, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171–7, 179, 181, 182, 183–5, 213, 220, 294, 305, 324
Stalin Line, 31, 59, 64–5
Stamenov, Ivan, 96
State Defence Committee, 79, 137
Stavka, 77, 81, 90, 113, 236, 255
Stamenov, Ivan, 96
Stemmermann, General W., 235
Stimson, Henry, 283, 327
Stolypin, Petr, 24
Stelovka, 123
Sudentenland, 39
Suez Canal, 156
Susloparov, General Ivan, 278
Suvorov, Aleksandr, 115
Sverdlovsk, 108, 223
Sweden, 63
Switzerland, 202
Taiwan, 312
Tanks, 190–1, 193, 207–10, 286, 313IS-1, 193
IS-2, 193
KV-1, 87
Panther, 193, 208, 209
T-34, 67, 87, 114, 192–3, 206, 207, 208, 209, 219
Tiger, 193, 206, 207, 208, 209
Tannenberg, 256
Tatars, 136, 233–4
Tchaikovsky, Peter, 124
Tedder, Air Marshal Arthur, 279
Teheran, 220, 282, 291
Teheran Conference, 220–22, 247, 291
Thirty Years' War, 34
Tiflis, 14
Tikhvin, 109, 110
Timashuk, Lidya, 318
Timoshenko, Marshal Semyon, 2, 56, 57, 58, 59, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 86, 92, 165
Todt, Fritz, 34
Tokyo, 70
Tolstoy, Leo, 124
Tomka, 10
Torgau, 276
Treblinka extermination camp, 260
Tripartite pact, 62
Trotsky, Leon, 2, 6, 13, 23, 25, 103, 244
Truman, Harold S., 267, 282, 283, 284, 283, 291, 294
Tsanava, Lavrenti, 310
Tsaritsa River, 172
Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad), 16, 99, 164
Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail in 1920s, 7, 9–10and arrest, 26
trial and death, 26–9, 32, 36, 39
army reforms, 10–12, 19–20, 30–31, 32, 33, 57, 211, 241
as chief of armaments, 19–20
in civil war, 5, 7
Tula, 1, 116, 119
Tunisia, 202
Tupolev, Alexander, 224
Turkestan, 1
27
Turkey, 63, 287
Tyumen, 96
Ukraine, 51, 62, 66, 76, 80, 91, 92, 96, 122, 129, 136, 147, 154, 164, 166, 217, 224, 236, 266, 271, 272, 305, 309, 311in civil war, 5
and collectivization, 23
German invasion, 82–7, 114, 139
and liberation, 217–19
nationalism, 149–50, 311–12
occupation, 126, 132–5
and partisan war, 144, 149
Ukrainian Insurgent Army, 150
Ukrainian Nationalist Organization, 150
Ultra intelligence, 202
Uman, 151, 152
United Nations, 253
United States, 61, 94, 111, 120, 131, 147, 167, 193–4, 251–2, 254, 282, 285, 286, 313, 314, 316, 317
Vaksberg, Arkady, 319
Vasilevsky, Marshal Alexander, 63, 166, 168, 169, 177, 178, 189, 190, 201, 208, 209, 210, 237, 241
Vatutin, General Nikolai, 72, 169, 179, 200, 203, 206, 209, 219, 236, 306
Victory Day, 280–81
Vienna, 263
Vilnius, 163
Vinnitsa, 130, 151
Vinogradov, Vladimir, 319–20
Vistula-Oder Operation, 257–9
Vistula River, 243, 244, 245, 246, 256, 257
Vladivostok, 197
Vlasik, Nikolai, 319
Vlasov, General Andrei, 125, 129–32, 301
Volga Germans, 232–3
Volga River, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 248
Volgograd, 324
Volkogonov, Dmitri, 16, 282
Volkssturm, 266
Vorkuta mines, 230
Voronezh, 158
Voronov, Marshal N. N., 306
Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment, 2, 8–9, 11, 19, 20, 26, 32, 45–6, 55, 56, 57, 103, 220
Voskoboinikov, Col., 128
Voskrensky, Metropolitan Sergei, 163
Vovsi, Meer, 318, 319
Voznesensky, Maria, 308
Voznesensky, Nikolai, 307–8
Vyazma, 92, 93
Vyatka camp, 231
Vyazma, 92
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 25, 28, 279, 295, 305
Waffen-SS, 246
Wagner, Richard, 185
war production, 170–71, 196–8, 231–2
Warsaw, 5, 15, 27, 246–9, 256, 284, 305
Warsaw ghetto, 246–7
Warsaw Rising, 129, 246–9
war trials – see Nuremberg Trials
Washington DC, 42,194–5
Weichs, General Maximilian von, 158
Werth, Alexander, 111, 151, 152, 154, 176
Wilno, 82
Winter Palace, 104
Winter War – see Soviet – Finnish War
Women's Light Night Bomber Regiment, 241
Württemberg, 129
Yakir, General Jonah, 29
Yalta Brigade, 146
Yalta Conference, 252–6, 267, 281, 283, 284, 285, 299, 300
Yasnaya Polyana, 124
Yegerov, Marshal Aleksandr, 20, 29
Yelchenko, Fyodor, 184
Yelnya, 86, 102
Yeremenko, Marshal Andrei, 91, 93, 173, 176
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