by R. V. Jones
Inglis, Frank, 322–3, 333, 340, 425, 434, 442–3, 448, 451, 458, 514
Inside the Third Reich (Speer), 438, 484n
Institute of Physics, 17, 325
Instruments of Darkness (Price), 40, 221, 399
Intelligence: Air, 46, 53, 58, 74, 79, 148, 180, 224, 326, 425–6, 431, 441, 450, 485, 510, 527; Allied in Nazi-occupied territory, 4; atomic, 496, 517, 526, 527; Electronics, 527; Flak, 79; Military, 74, 180, 334, 425, 492, 526; Naval, 74, 180, 217, 255, 257, 320, 492, 526, 527; Scientific, xvii, 71, 73–4, 109, 167, 180, 332, 386, 473, 480, 492, 495–6, 514, 518, 519, 523, 524, 526–8, 532; Signals, 87, 123, 257, 410; Technical, 74, 147, 431, 457–8, 484, 485, 495, 510, 512, 514, 532; see also Joint Intelligence Committee
Intelligence, German, 58, 411
Intelligence Service, 51, 52, 109; reorganization of, 493–5; weaknesses, 74
Interception, 184, 378; Airborne (A.I.), 280 469; see also Night defence; Radar; Jamming
Interrogation Centre (Latimer), 448
Inter-Service Committee, 365, 372
Invasion, imminence of, 97, 124, 144, 181
Ionospheric research, 488
Iron Curtain, 498
Ismay, General H. L. (later Baron), 334, 344
Isotopes: separating, 21; uranium, 473n
Jackson, Squadron Leader Derek, P1. 3(b), 21, 29, 292–3, 295–6, 329
Jagdschloss, German ground radar station, 465, Pl. 29
Jamming, of British radar, 234–5, 256; of GEE, 221–2, 410, 412, 499–500; of German radar, 246, 289–91, 304, see also Mandrel; of German radio beams, 96, 102, 127–34, 137, 139, 149, 161, 164–5, 173, 176, 203–4, 251–3
Jansky, Karl, 507
Japan, 233; development in airborne radar, 491; supplied with German weapons, 491
Jay beams, 220–2
Jempson, Major, 227, 266, 267, 383
Jennings, John (later Senior Lecturer Birkbeck College), 326, 519
Jeschonnek, Hans, Chief of German Air Staff, 347
Jet engine, 81, 434, 527
Jet rudder (Strahlrüder), 447
Jewish emigrés, 22, 28, 83, 84, 114
Joad, C.E.M., 10
‘Job 74’, battleship mock-up for testing bombing attacks, 81–2
Joint Chiefs of Staff (America), 378
Joint Intelligence Committee, 205, 216, 217, 365–6, 372, 492, 517, 525–6, 528
Joint Scientific and Technical Intelligence Committee, 517, 525
Jones, David Arthen, 413–14, 484, 519
Jones, F. E., 274, 276, 277
Jones, John Whitworth (later Air Chief Marshal Sir), 299
Jones, Reginald, Deputy Superintendent, Admiralty Research Laboratory, 48–9
Jones, Professor R. V.: birth, 4; Father, Grenadier Guardsman, 4, Pl. 1(a); schooldays, 4–5; scholarship to Alleyn’s School, Dulwich, 5; in O.T.C., 5; decides on Science career, 6; building radio receiving sets, 7–8; Open Exhibition to Wadham College, Oxford, 8; Research Studentship, 9; doctorate 1934, 11; Senior Studentship at Balliol in Astronomy, 11; Tutor to Mark Meynell, 11; Clarendon Laboratory (airborne infra-red project), 21–33; photograph of in 1937, P1. 1(b); as practical joker, 23–6; Scientific Officer, Air Ministry accredited to Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, 37; originates ‘Window’ idea in 1937, 39–40; disillusionment, 43–4; exile from Air Ministry, 45–52; Admiralty Research Laboratory, 44–53; engagement to Vera Cain, 51; holiday at Hoar Cross (Meynells), 53–7; attached to Air Intelligence (A.I.1(c)), 58; issues Report on the Scientific Intelligence Service, 72–4; marries, March 1940, 86; establishes German possession of beam bombing systems, 95–7; summoned to 10 Downing Street, 100-l; support from Churchill, 109 passim; Senior Scientific Officer, 144; in car accident, 154–5; ‘Target 54’ German air raid on Richmond, damages own home, 156–9; issues Report on X-beam system, 162–6; Report recalled, 167; proposed for Deputy Director of Intelligence, 167–8; X-beam Report reissued, 169–71; differences with Lywood, 169–71; Deputy Directorship of Scientific Intelligence not materializing becomes Assistant Director of Intelligence (Science) (A.D.I. (Science)), 182–3; Freya installations discovered, 190–1; in charge of Gee cover-up, 218-20; initiates Jay system, 220–2; instigates Bruneval Raid to capture Würzburg equipment, 236–49; considered for award of C.B. but opposed by Sir Horace Wilson, 248; receives C.B.E., 248; engaged in foiling German detection of British ships in Mediterranean, 254–9; unravels the Kammhuber Line, 264–79; tackles problem of German night defences such as the Lichtenstein Gerät equipment, 280–6; confrontation with Watson-Watt over use of ‘Window’, 290–9; Churchill gives final permission to use ‘Window’, 297–8; keeps watch on response to first ‘Window’ raids, 300–2; explores recent nuclear development, 306–9; lighter moments with the Secret Service, 310–17; Bishop of Wigan hoax, 316–17; deception plans in use of H2S, 321–2; staffing problems and strain, 323–6; letter to Institute of Physics re their post-war plans, 325; examines a Junkers 88 fitted with Lichtenstein radar, at Dyce aerodrome, 326–9; bears slight of appointment of Mr Duncan Sandys in charge of investigations into German rocket development, 335; discovers photographic evidence of German rocket, 340–1; meeting with Churchill and War Cabinet Defence Committee re rockets, 343–5; holiday in Gloucestershire, 349; further Cabinet meeting re German rockets, 353; more meetings with Churchill, 358–9; instructs air reconnaissance of German launching sites, 360–4; more squabbles rocket versus pilotless plane, 365; Inter-Service Committee proposed, 365; sends letter of protest to Chairman of J.I.C., 366; ill with tonsilitis and influenza, 367; mistaken supposition as to V-1 fuelling, 370–2; co-operation with American Air Force, 376–85; lectures at R.A.F. Staff College, 385–6; perturbed over bomber losses and too much information given unwittingly to the Germans, 388–93; summoned to Cabinet by Churchill during Baby Blitz, 397; invents ‘Perfectos’ system of countermeasure, 398–9; weekend in Gloucestershire, 399; advocates direct attack on channel coastal radar stations in preparation for D-Day, 400; directs these attacks, 400–12; assesses the V-1 bombardment successes and failures, 411–29; member of Crossbow Committee of the War Cabinet, 425; given full responsibility for intelligence against enemy, 425; fords photographic proof of existence of rocket V-2, 435–7; opposes Churchill’s criticism of rocket progress, 437–40; contem—plates resignation, 442–3; ‘battle of the war-heads’, 445–6, 448, 449–50; Report on rockets withdrawn after Sandys objects, 458; reviews work at end of war, 465–71; nuclear energy investigations, 472–83; the Hechingen documents, 479–80; visit to Paris and Brussels, 485; organizes retrieval of German equipment through A.D.I. (Science) Overseas Party, 484–91; differences with Professor Blackett over post-war reorganization of Intelligence, 492–8; alarm at Churchill’s General Election Speeches, 498; interviews captive German generals, 499–503; proposes Staff College for Scientists, 504–5; introduces ‘smell’ theory in detection work, 508–9; made Director of Intelligence, 510; appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at Aberdeen University, 514–17; resignation letter to Lord Tedder, 517–18; takes up duties at Aberdeen, 520; visit to Churchill and receives some advice, 521–2, 521n; philosophy of a good Intelligence System, 523–4; returns to Ministry of Defence at Churchill’s request to ‘straighten things out’, 526–7; returns to Aberdeen, 527; visit to America, 527; at Buckingham Palace, P1. 31
Jones, Mrs R. V., 51, 53, 86, 154–5, 324
Jones, Robert, 470
Jordan, Pilot Officer Harold, 285–6
‘Josh’, 61–2, 93
Joubert, Air Marshal Sir Philip, 95, 96, 101, 104, 153, 169, 191–2
J-Switch for I.F.F., 388–9
Jungk, Robert, 482
Junkers 88, 68, 326, PI. 18, 390, 393, 466; landed at Dyce, 326–7, 329; landed at Woodbridge, 393, 466
Kammhuber, General Josef, 264, Pl. 17(b), 387, 466; post-war interview, 501
Kammhuber Line, 264–79, Pl. 16, Fig. 12, 270, 281, 287, 532; attack on, 277–9; disrupted by ‘Window’, 301; increased deployment, 277–8, Fig. 16
Kampf Gesch
wader, 85, 94, 123, 250
Kampf Gruppe 100 (later Geschwader), 125, 135–43, Fig. 4, 161, 165, 166, 176, 251, 252, 350, 352, 510
Kearley, Commander, U.S. Navy, 376
Keeley, T. C., Oxford tutor, 8, Pl. 3(a), 21, 22, 29, 516
Kendall, Wing Commander Douglas, 452, 478–9
Kendrew, J. C., (now Sir John), 329
Kerrison, Colonel A. V., 47–8
Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert, 147
KG4, KG26, KG27, KG54, see Kampf Geschwader
KGr100, see Kampf Gruppe 100
KGr100, see Kampf Gruppe 100
Kiel, 78; raid on, 466
Kiel Gerät, infra-red detector, 280
Kingsdown, see Y Service station
Kittel, Dr. Charles, 377
Klein Helle, director-beam station, 163
Kleine Schraube, code name for German radio beacon, 265, 280
Kleve, see Cleves
Knickebein beacon, 85, 92–5, 99, 100, 102, 104, 105, 110, 111, 118, 120–1, 123–5, 133–4, Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b, Pl. 5(a) (d), 161, 164–6, 173, 180, 203, Fig. 8, 221, 264, 530, 532; code name ‘Head-aches’, 127; jamming of, 127–34, 137, 139, 149, 161, 164–5
‘Köpenick raid’, 465–6
Korn, German code name for Coventry, 148
Kühnhold, Dr., 136, 164–6, 173
Kummersdorf, 337
Kurti, Nicholas, 22, 28
Lamarque, Georges, French secret agent, 355
Lampitt, Ronald, 452
Lander Committee, 83, 114
Lang, Group Captain, 97
Langley, Lieutenant-Colonel James, 310–12, 417
Langley, Admiral, 524
Lantin, range-plotting station, 395
Latimer, see Interrogation Centre
Launching sites, 367, Pl. 21(b), 374, 432–3, Fig. 29; bombing of, 373, 378, 415, 424–5; modified, 415, 417, 425; see also V-1, V-2
Laws, Group Captain D. D., 330
Le Creusot (Schneider Armament Works), raid on, 231
Leedham, Group Captain, H., 45
Leeuwarden, 280
Leipzig, raids on, 389
Lennox, Captain George Gordon, 90
Leuna Works, Leipzig, 382
Lewis, W. B., 236
Lichtenstein Gerät (airborne radar detector), 280–6, 304, 491; equipment, 327, Pl. 18
Lichtenstein SN2, 391, 393, Pl. 18
‘Lidar’, 41
Lindau, 488, 490
Lindemann, Brigadier Charles, 315
Lindemann, Frederick Alexander (later Lord Cherwell), Pl. 1(c), 9–11, 13 passim, 21, 22, 29, 31, 34–6, 38–40, 80–3, 92 passim, 100–3, 109, 139, 155, 167, 169–71, 210, 248, 271, 274, 291–2, 303, 307, 315–16, 334–6, 340–5, 356–9, 417–18, 421, 433, 436, 445, 446, 468–9, 474–8, 497, 498, 514, 516, 528, 531; research student University of Berlin, 15; meets Henry Tizard, 15; friendship with Churchill, 14; Chair of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, 15; break in friendship with Tizard, 16; differences with Tizard Committee, 35–6, 41; Scientific Adviser to Prime Minister, 92; becomes Lord Cherwell, 230; opposition to Jones’s ‘Window’ policy of countermeasure, 294–6; insistence on H2S going into Bomber Command, 320; further differences with Jones over rocket threat, 335, 341, 343–5, 353, 356–7, 433, 449
Lindemann, James, 315
Listening receivers, see Receivers
Listening Service,136–7, 191, 494
Liverpool, bombing of, 127, 147
Lyttelton, Oliver (later 1st Viscount Chandos), 344
Local Defence Volunteers, 89
Lockspeiser, Sir Ben, 492, 508
London: bombing of, 128, 156–9; estimates of V-1 damage on, 414–5; Loge, German code name, 173–4; V-1 bombardment, Fig. 28a, Fig. 28b, 418–21
Lörrach Knickebein radio beam transmitter, 204
Los Alamos, 29, 315
Lossberg, Major Viktor von, 173, Pl. 17(a), 383, 393
Lottinghem launching site, 462
Lovell, Bernard, 318, 486, 507, 521
Lubbock, Isaac, 357
Lübeck, bombing of, 279
Lucas, F. L., 122
Ludwigshafen, raid on, 387
Luftflotte 2, 147
Luftwaffe, 79, 90, 129, 139
Lugo, 259
Lywood, Group Captain O. G. W. G., Deputy Director of Signals, 103, 123, 127, 138, 167, 169–71, 211; an originator of ‘Typex’ encoding machine, 211
MacArthur, General Douglas, 512
McClintock, Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart, 459
Macdonald, Sir Kenneth and Lady Macdonald, 62
MacDonald, Ramsay, 16, 17
Macdonnell, Leslie, 209
McGovern, James, 481n
MacIntyre, Private, 242
MacKenzie, Sergeant, 248
McMahon Act, 481
Macneil, Commander Paul H., 17, 18, 19
Maconachie, Sir Roy, 64
Mackie, Corporal, 104
Maggs, Flight Lieutenant, 61,
Magnetic mine, 65, 80, 377
Main Belt, see Kammhuber Line; Searchlights Malan, ‘Sailor’, 385, 503
Mallory, Sir Trafford Leigh, 156, 296, 297, 412
Malta, 256, 499
Malvern, Royal Radar Establishment, 247
Man Who Never Was, The’, 216
Man Who Never Was, The (Montagu), 217
Manchester, within German beam range, 123
Mandrel, jamming device, 294–5, 468
Manifould, Flight Officer W. K., 191
Manus, Major, 402, 403
Marcq-en-Baroeil, 373
Mare’s Nest, The (Irving), 357
Marham, 218
Marks, Simon, 83
Martin, Sir John, 150
Martini, General Wolfgang, German Director General of Air Signals, 221, 235, 244, 256–7, Pl. 17(a); post-war interview, 499–501
Master bomber, 304
Masterman, J. C., 215
Masterman, Margaret, 489
Mayer, Commander C. G., 376
Medhurst, Air Vice Marshal C. E. H., 183, 194, 214, 272, 274, 281, 284, 320, 340, 385, 401, 402, 497, 503, 514
Medmenham (Photographic Interpretation Unit, 134, 239, 339–40, 360, 367, 400, 415, 431, 436, 451, 452, 478
Menzies, Wing Commander A. C. G. (‘Sandy’) (also Professor of Physics), 208–9, 360
Menzies, Sir Stewart, 67, 102, 162, 168, 474, 481, 497, 520
Merifield, John, 328, 367, 372
Methods of Operational Research (Morse and Kimball), 321
Meynell, Colonel and Lady Dorothy, 11, 53–7, 226
Meynell, Mark, 11, 155
M.I.5, 200, 201, 216, 224, 420
Milch, Field Marshal Ernst, 104, 139, 180, 302–3, 304, 396, 499
Military Intelligence, 74, 180, 334, 425, 492, 526 Mimoyecques launching site, 462
Mines, 66, 88; aerial, 35, 102; detection of, 250; magnetic, 65, 80, 377
Minesweeping, 377
M.I.9, (escape organization), 311
Ministry of Aircraft Production, 162, 492
Ministry of Defence, 525–8
Ministry of Home Security, 334, 343
M.I.6, see Secret Intelligence Service
Missiles, guided, 463–4, 470
M(ittel) rocket factory, 454
Moncrieff, Group Captain, 407
Monica warning device, 466
Mont Couple, beam jamming station, 410 Montagu, Ewen, 217
Montgomery, Field-Marshal Bernard (later 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein), 256 ‘Moonlight Sonata’ (Coventry raid), 147–51
‘Moonshine’ countermeasures, 243–4, 291, 406
Mørch, Commodore Paul, 349
Morrison, Rt. Hon. Herbert (later Baron Morrison of Lambeth), 299, 334, 344, 345, 414, 421, 422, 424, 445, 448, 459
Mosley, Oswald, 116
Mountbatten, Admiral Louis (later 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma), 236
Mowat, Daisy (later Lady Currie), 67, 89, 100, 144, 162, 330
Munich Agreement, 51, 53, 130
‘Munro Effect’, 81–2
Mussolini, Benito, invades Albania, 53
My Silent War (Philby), 254
Mytton, Reg, 90
Nagel, Peter, 248, 249
Narvik, 87
National Physical Laboratory, 19, 20, 46, 488
National Socialist in England 1930–1935, A (Thost), 28
Natural Philosophy, Chair of, 514, 518
Naumoff, Lieutenant, 239
Naval Intelligence, 74, 180, 217, 255, 257, 320, 492, 526, 527
Naval Operational Research, 493
Navigation, 102; inertial, 36; long-range, 45; by night, 45; pulse controlled, see Gee; radio, 3, 93, 210, 217, 220; by stars, 45, 102, 210
Naxos, German radar listening receiver, 392, 466
Neave, Airey, 311
Newall, Sir Cyril, 101
Nicholson, Roddie, 337
Niedersachswerfen rocket factory, 453n
Night defence, 183–5, 209, 223, 228, 230, 233, 254, 280, 381–2, 385, 530
Nightfighters, 193, 209, 223, 228, 230, 260, 264–79, 285–6, 292, 295, 381, 383, 387, 388, 391, 393, 399, 466–7, 469; code names for stations, 279; control centre at Sautour, Belgium, 268–9, Fig. 11; control stations, 270, Fig. 12
Night Interception Committee, 95
Nissenthal, Flight Sergeant Jack, 402–3
Noah’s Ark (Fourcade), 351, 354, 355
Nordhausen rocket factory, 454
Norman, Professor Frederick, xix, Pl. 6(c), 60, 64, 120–3, 135, 154, 181, 214, 254, 323–4, 336, 372, 424, 479, 486, Pl. 30(a), 514, 519
‘Normandie’ (liner) radar equipment, 39
Normandy landing, 376, 380, 393, 400; attacks on German coastal radar, 400–12, Pl. 23; invasion planning, 400–12
Norway, invasion of, 87; Stavanger Y-beam station, 178, Pl. 8(a); Vermork heavy water plant, 306
Nuclear energy, 308, 472–83; Anglo-American relations in, 473–4, 477–83; bomb, 81, 309; German, 4, 309, 472–3, Pl. 30(b); physics, 308, 475; pile, 479, Pl. 30(b); ‘Tube Alloys’ project, 309, 472; see also Hechingen documents
Nuclear fission, 51, 460, 473n, 483n
Nucourt, 426
Nuremberg Raid, The (Middlebrook), 392
Nuremberg, raids on, 392–3, 468
Nutting, Air Commodore, 96, 102, 104
Nutting, Squadron Leader David, 484, 519
Obernkirchen, 491
Oboe, radio bombing system, 166, 274–6, 304; dispositions for bombing Florennes and Essen, 276, Fig. 15
Observer Corps, 125, 199, 465
