For Luciano Peroni, alias Ludwig: PIRONI Luciano, Verbale di interrogatorio di persona sottoposta ad indagini, N. 10838/05 R.G.N.R. mod. 21, Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Milano, Apr. 14, 2006; Untitled deposition of Luciano Pironi, Proc. Pen. N. 1966/05 R.G.G.I.P., Sept. 30, 2006.
For Stefano D’Ambrosio: D’AMBROSIO Stefano, Verbale di assunzione informazioni, N. 10838/05 R.G.N.R. mod. 21, Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Milano, Apr. 20, 2006; D’AMBROSIO Stefano, Verbale di assunzione informazioni, N. 10838/05 R.G.N.R. mod. 21, Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Milano, Jul. 12, 2006.
For Bob Lady’s denial of D’Ambrosio’s claims about their conversation: Luca Fazzo, “L’ex capo Cia: ‘Così rapimmo Abu Omar,’ ” Il Giornale, June 30, 2009.
For the bugged conversations of Gustavo Pignero and Marco Mancini: Enrico Manzi, “Decree for the Application of Coercive Measures,” N. 10838/05 R.G.N.R., N. 1966/05 R.G.GIP (CASTELLI Jeffrey et al.), Tribunale di Milano, Sezione Giudice per le indagini preliminari, Jul. 7, 2006; “Secret Agents Spilling Secrets,” Washington Post, Dec. 8, 2006.
For SISMI’s offer to help the CIA with the kidnapping of Abu Omar: Manzi, supra; PIGNERO Gustavo, Interrogatorio Indagato, Proc. Pen. N. 10838/05 Mod. 21 R.G.N.R., Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Milano (but the statement was taken in Rome), July 13, 2006.
For Renato Farina and Pio Pompa: Author interviews of Spataro, supra; Manzi, supra; FARINA Renato, Interrogatorio Indagato, Proc. Pen. N. 10838/05, Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Milano, July 7, 2006; John Foot, “The Rendition of Abu Omar,” London Review of Books, Aug. 2, 2007; John Hooper, “The editor who spooked Italy,” The Guardian, Jan. 29, 2007, http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jan/29/mondaymediasection.italy; Statewatch, “Italy: Renditions: Judge notifies defendants of the state of play in investigations into Abu Omar rendition: High-level SISMI and CIA officials involved,” Statewatch News, http://www.statewatch.org/news/2006/oct/10italy-omar-case.htm.
For Farina’s article trying to blame the Yellowcake Affair on France: Renato Farina, “A caccia dell’italiano d’America regista del trappolone anti-Bush,” Libero, Aug. 10, 2004.
For Farina’s confession: FARINA Renato, supra.
For Pignero’s confession: PIGNERO Gustavo, supra.
For Farina’s statement “fighting the fourth world war …” and Silvio Berlusconi’s statement that Farina was “a guerrilla fighter for liberty”: Foot, supra.
For Pompa’s minimal response to Spataro’s inquiry: Pio Pompa, letter to Armando Spataro and Ferdinando Pomarici, Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Milano, July 7, 2006.
For the Telecom shop allegedly run by Mancini and others: Elizabeth Filippouli, “Italy Gate,” People & Power program, Al Jazeera TV network, Aug. 1, 2007.
For the statement of Pollari’s lawyer (Titto Maddia) “Evidently. It wasn’t the doorman”: Ian Fisher and Elisabetta Povoledo, “Italy Braces for Legal Fight Over Secret C.I.A. Program,” New York Times, June 8, 2007.
For Gianfranco Battelli’s statement that he would have told the prime minister: Ammiraglio Gianfranco BATTELLI, Verbale di assunzione informazioni, N. 10838/05 R.G.N.R. mod. 21, Procura della Repubblica presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Milano, July 18, 2006.
For Silvio Berlusconi’s statement “There has not been, I repeat …”: “Berlusconi: ‘Smentisco per l’ennesima volta.’ ” Corriere della Sera, Dec. 7, 2005, http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Politica/2005/12_Dicembre/07/berlu_smentita.html.
For Vincent Cannistraro’s statement “Are you kidding?”: Claudio Fava, Quelli Bravi Ragazzi, Sperling & Kupfer, 2007.
For Spataro’s charges against Castelli, De Sousa, and Romano: Manzi, supra.
For Abu Omar’s statement “My name is Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr …”: Abu Omar, “The Account of an Islamist Kidnapped from the Streets of Milan,” undated, reproduced (in a rough English translation) as “My CIA rendition,” Stephen Grey’s Ghost Plane (Web site), http://www.ghostplane.net/abuomar, and excerpted in Paolo Biondani and Gianni Santucci, “Il memoriale di Abu Omar: ‘Rapito e picchiato da italiani,’ ” Corriere della Sera, Nov. 9, 2006.
For the account of Abu Omar’s journey from prison to prison between 2004 and 2007 and of Nabila Ghali’s visits with him: Manzi, supra; author interviews of Abu Omar, Alexandria, Egypt, Apr. 2007
For the CIA’s near offer of hush money to Khaled ElMasri: Jane Mayer, The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals, Doubleday, 2008.
For the length of Italian trials: Alexander Stille, “Italy Against Itself,” New York Review of Books, Dec. 4, 2008. Furthermore: “Claims for damage done by Garibaldi and his Redshirts to property in Sicily in 1860 … were still being paid in 1954, ninety-six years later, in lire which had lost all value and meaning, to heirs who barely remembered the reason why they were entitled to receive such pitifully small sums of money” (Luigi Barzini, The Italians, Touchstone, 1964).
For the chronology of the kidnappers’ trial and for the appeals: Armando Spataro, “Abu Omar trial: Updating” nos. 1 through 30, e-mails to reporters, Mar. 2008 to Nov. 2009.
Chapter 10: Martyrs
For the report that Abu Omar informed for Albania’s SHIK: John Crewdson and Tom Hundley, “Abducted imam aided CIA ally,” Chicago Tribune, July 3, 2005; Tom Hundley and John Crewdson, “Wife was left behind with Children,” Chicago Tribune, July 3, 2005.
For Sali Barisha’s statement “They worked in Albania …” and for CIA operations in post–Cold War Albania generally: Andrew Higgins and Christopher Cooper, “Cloak and Dagger: A CIA-Backed Team Used Brutal Means to Crack Terror Cell,” Wall Street Journal, Nov. 20, 2001. See also “How ‘Albanian’ Egyptians Operate,” Intelligence Newsletter, Indigo Publications, no. 347, Nov. 26, 1998.
For Bob Lady’s claim that he did not know Abu Omar had informed in Albania: Luca Fazzo, “L’ex capo Cia: ‘Così rapimmo Abu Omar,’ ” Il Giornale, June 30, 2009.
For Montasser El-Zayat: Author interview of Montasser El-Zayat, Cairo, Egypt, Apr. 2007.
One of the fruits of the $1,100 paid by the Wall Street Journal to a Kabul looter was the story of how Abdulrahman and Abu Saleh betrayed an al-Qaeda turncoat in Yemen (see Chapter 3, “The Enemy Within”). See Andrew Higgins and Alan Cullison, “Friend or Foe: The Story of a Traitor to al Qaeda: Murky Loyalties in Yemen Undo the Betrayer, Who Finds Himself Betrayed: Ominous Words Before 9/11,” Wall Street Journal, Dec. 20, 2002. See also Andrew Higgins and Alan Cullison, “Computer in Kabul Holds Chilling Memos,” Wall Street Journal, Dec. 31, 2001.
For Abu Omar’s statement “What are the German mother and son …”: Deutsche Presse-Agentur, “Egyptian Islamist Urges Militants to Free German Hostages in Iraq,” EarthTimes, Mar. 11, 2007, http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/38956.html.
For Abu Omar in Alexandria: Author interviews of Abu Omar, Alexandria, Egypt, Apr. 2007. For the report in GQ that CIA officers watched part of Abu Omar’s interrogation on a video feed: Matthew Cole, “Blowback,” GQ, Mar. 2007.
For Jean Améry’s statement “Twenty-two years later …”: Jean Améry, At Mind’s Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor of Auschwitz and its Realities, Indiana University Press, 1998.
Jessica Easto and I interviewed the U.S. spies in 2007 and 2008.
For the cause and consequence of the flap over exposure of CIA officers in the 1970s: Philip Agee, Inside the Company: CIA Diary, Bantam, 1984; Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1982, 50 U.S.C. § 421-26 (2006).
The CIA chief who said the snatch teams would be out robbing banks if they weren’t doing renditions was Tyler Drumheller. See Tyler Drumheller with Elaine Monaghan, On the Brink: An Insider’s Account of How the White House Compromised American Intelligence, Carroll & Graf, 2006.
For an account of another reporter who phoned “Washburn and Company”: Greg Miller, “Shades of Cover,”
Los Angeles Times, July 16, 2005.
For Sabrina De Sousa’s statement “You can keep hammering …”: Jeff Stein, “CIA Woman Outraged by Belated U.S. Legal Help,” CQ Politics: SpyTalk (blog), Aug. 28, 2009, http://blogs.cqpolitics.com/spytalk/2009/08/cia-woman-outraged-by-belated.html.
For Jeff Castelli’s life after the rendition of Abu Omar: Jeff Stein, “CIA Officer in Italy Rendition Flap Enters New Phase,” CQ Politics: SpyTalk (blog), Sept. 17, 2009, http://blogs.cqpolitics.com/spytalk/2009/09/cia-officer-in-italy-rendition.html.
For one report that Castelli supposedly misled CIA headquarters about the danger posed by Abu Omar: John Crewdson, “Italy says CIA may have had distorted view of cleric,” Chicago Tribune, Jan. 8, 2007.
For Matthew Cole’s interview with Bob Lady: Cole, supra.
For Lady’s visit to Geneva in 2006: “Rest and Recuperation for CIA,” Intelligence Online no. 525, Indigo Publications, June 9, 2006, http://www.intelligenceonline.com/archives/p_som_archives.asp?num=525&year=2006&rub=archives.
For the essay that was all but certainly written by Lady under the nom de plume of his father: William Lady, “Coyotes From the Same Hill,” Dead Mule (online), Oct. 1, 2005, http://www.deadmule.com/content/2005/10/01/coyotes-from-the-same-hill/.
For Lady’s interview with Fazzo: Fazzo, supra.
For Joseph Romano’s statement “should be an embarrassment to Italy …”: Matthew Cole, Avni Patel, and Brian Ross, “Convicted CIA Spy Says ‘We Broke the Law,’ ” ABC News, Nov. 4, 2009, http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/exclusive-convicted-cia-spy-broke-law/story?id=8995107.
For the Wall Street Journal’s statement “one more dubious milestone …”: “The War Against the War on Terrorism,” Wall Street Journal, Nov. 6, 2009.
For Obama’s executive order: Barack Obama, Executive Order 13491, “Ensuring Lawful Interrogations,” Jan. 22, 2009.
Among the many reporters who misread Obama’s executive order were two sagacious foes of torture, Glenn Greenwald and Scott Horton. See Scott Horton, “Renditions Buffoonery,” Harper’s (online), Feb. 2, 2009, http://www.harpers.org/archive/2009/02/hbc-90004326; Glenn Greenwald, “The L.A. Times, Obama & renditions,” Salon: Glenn Greenwald (blog), Feb. 2, 2009, http://www.salon.com/opinion/greenwald/2009/02/02/renditions/. Horton and Greenwald soon returned to their usual good sense on torture policy.
For Leon Panetta’s statement “If we render someone …”: David Ignatius, “Obama’s Fine Print On Security,” Washington Post, Mar. 29, 2009.
For the recommendation of Obama’s task force: “Special Task Force on Interrogations and Transfer Policies Issues Its Recommendations to the President,” press release 09-835, Ofc. of Public Affairs, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Aug. 24, 2009, http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2009/August/09-ag-835.html.
Index
Page numbers beginning with 283 refer to notes.
Abdelaziz, Sheikh, 106
Abdel-Rahman, Omar (Blind Sheikh), 62–63, 64
Abdulrahman al-Hilal, Abdulsalam Ali, 86–89, 90
Abdurahim, Sheikh, 99
Abu Albana, 96
Abu Imad (Arman Ahmed El Hissini Helmy), 61, 85, 91, 92, 107, 112–14, 115, 116, 118, 286–87
Abu Jalal, 96
Abu Khalil, Sheikh, 106
Abu Omar (Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr), 46–50
advice on jihad, 175
Albania’s desire to recruit as spy, 54, 243–45
Ali Sharif’s distrust of, 101–2, 107
alleged CIA work of, 243–45
appearance of, 20
arrest in Albania of, 54–55, 61, 243–44
arrest in Egypt of, 48–49
arrest in Milan of, 90
in asylum in Albania, 52–55, 56, 61, 243–45
author’s interview with, 245–53
birth of daughter of, 275
CIA’s claim about location of, 228, 234
computer of, 162, 174–75
depression of, 166, 252–53
DIGOS investigation and surveillance of, 19, 20, 93–107, 108, 109, 112, 120–21, 180, 222, 270
divorce of, 56, 93
education of, 46–48
Egypt fled by, 49–50, 54, 61
Egypt’s desire to recruit as spy, 49, 54
false documents and, 94
German asylum sought by, 55–56, 244
hijacking plot of, 19
and hostage situation in Iraq, 251
in Human Relief and Reconstruction Agency, 53
Islamic Media Center founded by, 107–8
Italian asylum granted to, 60–61, 92, 93
marriages of, 53, 93
Marxism interest of, 47
Massimo’s stealing of data on, 27–28
medicine and drugs taken by, 252
in move to Milan, 60–61, 91–92
named deputy chief imam at Via Quaranta mosque, 92
panic attacks of, 166
in Peshawar, 52–53, 61
Quran as interpreted by, 19
rearrest of, 167
as recruiter for Ansar network, 109
on recruiting terrorists, 95–96
as Salafist, 47
sausage factory opened by, 54
search of apartment of, 174–75
sermons of, 48, 61, 92, 109, 113, 250–51
Spataro’s indictment against, 220
as teacher, 52
terrorist network run by, 19
Via Quaranta mosque left by, 107
Abu Omar (Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr), imprisonment of:
bribe offered to, 239–40
cell of, 150–51
change in appearance of, 161, 238–39, 249
CIA’s alleged collaboration in interrogation of, 251–52
Abu Omar (Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr), imprisonment of (continued)
family visits to, 160–65, 167, 192, 193, 238–39
first release from, 161, 166–67, 174
freedom granted to, 240
in hearing before judge, 165–66
information allegedly given by, 228
interrogations of, 132, 151–52, 154, 157–58, 197, 234, 251–52
in move to Tora Prison complex, 155–56
possible rape of, 158
second release from, 239, 245
statement of crimes written by, 153
suicide attempt of, 159
testimony of, 238, 239, 240
torture of, 151, 152–53, 154, 155, 157, 158–59, 165, 175, 176, 238, 239, 240, 251, 252, 292
Abu Omar (Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr), kidnapping of:
call logs from, 121, 168–69, 176–78
element of surprise in, 142
indictments and arrests in connection with, 198, 218, 220, 229, 235–36
initial search after, 112–14
injuries in, 125, 126, 128, 129, 165, 166
Ludwig’s fears about, 227, 229
Ludwig’s role in, 31–34, 199, 230
Massimo’s preparation for, 28–30
plane used for, 194–96, 223
planning of, 19–21, 31, 182, 221, 222–24, 235
purpose of, 20, 223–24
SISMI involvement in, 222–23
SISMI stakeout of site of, 236
Spataro’s investigation of, 174–80, 191–92, 200, 229
transport out of Italy as part of, 122–30, 176, 178–80, 184, 192–93, 223
trial of, 240–42
verdict in trial on, 273–74
witness of, 113–14, 115–19, 120, 121, 124, 164, 169, 227
see also SIMs
Abu Qatada, Sheikh, 106
Abu Saleh (Mahmoud Abdelkader Es Sayed), 81–82, 85–87, 120
documents forged by, 81, 87
on planning of September 11 attacks, 87–89
probable death of, 90
sermons of, 92
Abu Serrah, 103
Abu Suleiman, 103
Abu Talal (Talaat Fuad Qassim), 71, 78–82
Abu Yasser (Refai Ahmed Taha Musa), 155
Abu
Zabaydah, 82
Achille Lauro, 75
Adam and Eve, 160
Adel, Sheikh, 103
Aden, Sheikh, 106
Adlen, Sheikh, 103, 104
Adler, Monica Courtney, 183, 185–86, 188, 200, 255–56, 258, 275
Adly, Habib El-, 130
Afghanistan, 50–51, 64, 69, 70, 83, 86, 90, 108, 111, 195
Africa, 134
Agee, Philip, 256–57
Agrigento, Italy, 119
Air Force, U.S., 123, 182, 193, 223
al-Aqrab, 156–57
Albania, 52–53, 56, 59, 61, 69, 104, 243–45
Albuquerque, N.Mex., 219
Alessandrini, Emilio, 170, 171, 213
Alexander the Great, 35
Alexandria, Egypt, 35–38, 46, 60, 162–63, 165–66, 174, 248–55
Alfa Romeo, 57
Algeria, 51, 69, 82, 102, 106, 107
Ali, Mohamed, 101
Ali, Muhammad, 36, 38
Ali Sharif (Ali Abdel Al Ali), 97–98, 101–2, 107
Alitalia, 87
al-Qaeda, 23, 45, 52, 67, 70, 81–82, 87, 191, 220, 231, 247
see also September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
Al-Quds Mosque, 287
Alvarez-Machain, Humberto, 73–74
Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, 91
Ambrose, Saint, 13
American Automobile Association, 183
American Pastoral (Roth), 219
American Psychiatric Association, 140–41
American School of Milan, 19
Améry, Jean, 253
Ames, Aldrich, 202
Amin, Mustafa, 146
amphetamines, 141
Andreotti, Giulio, 208, 211, 217
Angleton, James Jesus, 205
Ansar al-Islam, 104, 108, 109, 111, 189–90
antennae, 22
Arabia, 36, 41
Arabs, 36, 37
Arafat, Yasser, 89
Arar, Maher, 248
Archimedes, 35
Aristotle, 133
Army, Italian, 210
Asherleigh, Gregory, 187, 189, 190, 198, 259
Assembly Pointe Aviation, 195
Asti wine country, 197, 273
Atmani, Karim Said, 69–70, 71, 81
Atta, Mohamed, 39, 287
Attila the Hun, 57
Aurisina, Italy, 204
Austria, 57, 104, 105, 106, 231
Aviano Air Base, 123, 176, 179, 180, 181–82, 191–92, 193, 267, 269
A Kidnapping in Milan: The CIA on Trial Page 31
