Notes
Abbreviations used:
ASPFR American State Papers, Foreign Relations
ASPIA American State Papers, Indian Affairs
ASPMA American State Papers, Military Affairs
LC Library of Congress
MTPL Metropolitan Toronto Public Library
PAC Public Archives of Canada
PAO Public Archives of Ontario
SN Secretary of the Navy
SW Secretary of War
USNA United States National Archives
Preview: Porter Hanks’s War
1 Brannan, pp. 34–35, Hanks to SW, 4 Aug. 1812.
2 Ibid.; May, p. 14.
3 Brannan, pp. 34–35, Hanks to SW, 4 Aug. 1812.
4 Ibid.
5 Jefferson, VI: 75–76, Jefferson to Duane, 4 Aug. 1812. Overview
1 Bonney, p. 269, Sheaffe to Stephen Van Rensselaer, 16 Oct. 1812.
2 Kirby, p. 157.
3 PAC, RG 8, vol. 1219, p. 274, Prevost to Bathurst, 27 Aug. 1814.
4 PAC, MG 24 A57, vol. 19, Sher-brooke proclamation, 3 July 1812.
5 Quaife, A skin Papers, p. 709, [Askinj to McGill, 17 July 1812; p. 729, Brush to Askin, 11 Aug. 1812; p. 729, Brush to Askin, 24 Aug. 1812.
6 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, P. 4I5.
7 Perkins, Prologue, pp. 90–93.
8 PAO, Register of persons connected with high treason during the War of 1812 with the U.S.A.
9 PAC, RG 19 E5(a), vol. 3739, file 2, n.d. General abstract, claims for damages; Upper Canada Gazette, supplement, 3 June 1824.
Prelude to Invasion: 1807–1811
1 U.S. Congress, ASPFR, III: 17, Barron to SN, 7 April 1807.
2 Ibid., 18, Barron to SN, 23 June 1807, and enclosures; p. 19, return of dead and wounded; p. 19, Hunt to Gordon, 23 June 1807; P. 19, Smith, Smith and Brooker to Gordon, 23 June 1807; p. 21, L.W. Tazewell, report of court of inquiry; Steel, pp. 245–49.
3 Steel, pp. 250–52.
4 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, p. 428.
5 Cruikshank, “Some Unpublished Letters,” p. 19, Brock to Dunn, 17 July 1807.
6 Quoted in Burt, p. 243.
7 Burt, pp. 242–46.
8 Tupper, p. 64, Brock to Gordon,6 Sept. 1807.
9 Harrison, I: 235, Harrison speech, 17 Aug. 1807.
10 Ibid., p. 236.
11 Ibid., p. 234.
12 Jefferson, IV: 472, Jefferson to Harrison, 27 Feb. 1803
13 Harrison, I: 251, Harrison to the Shawanese, Aug. 1807.
14 Ibid., pp. 183–84, Harrison to the Delawares, early 1806
15 Ibid., p. 251, Harrison to the Shawanese, Aug. 1807.
16 Randall, pp. 462–63.
17 LC, Foster MSS, Foster to his mother, 31 July 1807.
18 Ibid., Foster to his mother, 20 Sept. 1806
19 Foster, Two Duchesses, p. 228, Foster to his mother, 30 June 1805.
20 LC, Foster MSS, Foster to his mother, 16 July 1807.
21 Foster, Two Duchesses, p. 233, Foster to his mother, 30 July 1805.
22 Ibid., p. 240, Foster to his mother, 22 Feb. 1805.
23 Ibid., p. 233, Foster to his mother, 30 July 1805.
24 Ibid., p. 247, Foster to his mother, Nov. 1805.
25 LC, Foster MSS, Journal.
26 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, p. 7
27 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, p. 187.
28 PAC, RG 10, vol. 11, Gore’s speech, 11 July 1808.
29 PAC, RG 10, vol. 11, Indian reply, 13 July 1808.
30 Horsman, Expansion, p. 146. Ibid.
31 Ibid.
32 Allen, p. 63.
33 Horsman, “British Indian Policy,” pp. 53, 56.
34 PAC, RG 10, vol. 11, Gore to Craig, 27 July 1808.
35 Goltz.
36 Harrison, I: 365, Journal, 4 Oct. 1809.
37 Ibid., p. 367.
38 Ibid., p. 368.
39 Ibid., p. 389, Harrison to SW, 3 Nov. 1809.
40 Ibid., p. 376, Journal, 22 Sept. 1809.
41 Ibid., p. 389, Harrison to SW, 3 Nov. 1809.
42 Cleaves, p. 68.
43 Harrison, I: 419, Harrison to SW, 25 April 1810.
44 Ibid., p. 450, Harrison to SW, 25 July 1810.
45 Ibid., p. 448, Harrison to the Prophet, 19 July 1810.
46 Ibid., pp. 448–49.
47 Ibid., p. 456, Harrison to SW, 6 Aug. 1810.
48 Ibid.
49 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 159.
50 Hatch, p. 113.
51 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 160; Drake, pp. 125–26.
52 Tucker, Tecumseh, pp. 161, 348.
53 Harrison, I: 460, Harrison to SW, 22 Aug. 1810.
54 Hatch, pp. 99–100.
55 Klinck, p. 73.
56 Tucker, Tecumseh, pp. 163, 348.
57 Harrison, I: 466, Tecumseh’s speech, 20 Aug. 1810.
58 Ibid., p. 463.
59 Ibid., p. 459, Harrison to SW, 22 Aug. 1810.
60 Cleaves, p. 74.
61 Harrison, I: 461, Harrison to SW, 22 Aug. 1810.
62 Ibid., pp. 461, 468.
63 Tucker, Tecumseh, pp. 166, 349.
64 Harrison, I: 469, Tecumseh’s speech, 21 Aug. 1810.
65 Draper MSS, Tecumseh Papers, 2YY, p. 120, Ruddell’s account of Tecumseh.
66 Ibid., 12YY, 1821, Drake’s notes on conversation with Anthony Shane.
67 Ibid.
68 Ibid.
69 Tucker, Tecumseh, pp. 77–80; Randall, p. 45$.
70 Draper MSS, Tecumseh Papers, 12YY, 1821, Drake’s notes on conversation with Anthony Shane.
71 Harrison, I: 239, Wells to Harrison, 20 Aug. 1807.
72 PAC, CO 42/351/42, Elliott to Claus, 16 Nov. 1810, encl. Tecumseh’s speech, 15 Nov. 1810.
73 Harrison, I: 447, Harrison to SW, 18 June 1810.
74 PAC, CO 42/351/ Elliott to Claus, 16 Nov. 1810.
75 Quoted in Goltz, Craig to Moirier, 25 Nov. 1811.
76 Weld, pp. 192–96.
77 Tupper, pp. 94–96, Brock to Craig, 27 Feb. 1811.
78 “Collections of Papers,” pp. 280–81, Craig to Gore, 2 Feb. 1811.
79 Harrison, I: 546, Harrison to SW,6 Aug. 1811.
80 Dawson, p. 184.
81 Drake, pp. 142–43.
82 Harrison, I: 549, Harrison to SW, 7 Aug. 1811.
83 Ibid.
84 Harrison, I: 527, Harrison to SW, 2 July 1811.
85 Ibid., p. 536, SW to Harrison, 20 July 1811.
86 Ibid., p. 550, Harrison to SW, 7 Aug. 1811.
87 Ibid., p. 558, Daviess to Harrison, 24 Aug. 1811.
88 “Jo Daviess,” p. 355.
89 Harrison, I: 620, Harrison to SW, 18 Nov. 1811.
90 Ibid., p. 703, statement of William Brigham.
91 Ibid., p. 702, statement of Sergeant Orr.
92 Ibid., pp. 691–92, Harrison to Dr. John Scott, Dec. 1811.
93 Cleaves, pp. 100–101.
94 Ibid., p. 101.
95 Ibid.
96 Lossing, Field-book, p. 205.
97 Harrison, I: 703, statement of William Brigham.
98 Ibid., p. 624, Harrison to SW, 18 Nov. 1811.
99 Ibid., p. 702; Walker, pp. 24–25.
100 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 6, Elliott to Brock, 12 Jan. 1812.
101 U.S. Congress, ASPIA, I: 808, opinions of Gov. Howard and Gen. Clark, 3 March 1812.
102 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 230.
Prelude to Invasion: 1812
1 Tupper, p. 151, Brock to Prevost, 12 Feb. 1812.
2 Nursey, p. 82.
3 Tupper, p. 153, Brock to Prevost, Feb. 1812.
4 Ibid., p. 153.
5 Ibid., p. 125, Brock to Prevost, 2 Dec. 1811.
6 Ibid., p. 95, Brock to Craig, 27 Feb. 1811.
7 Ibid., p. 195, Brock to Prevost, 3 July 1812.
8 Ibid., pp. 123–30, Brock to Prevost, 2 Dec. 1811.
9 Wood, I: 423, ? to Dickson, 27 Feb. 1812.
10 Caffrey, p. 142.
11 Ibid.
12 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, P. 275.
13 LC, Foster MSS, Foster to his mother, 2 Jan. 1812.
14 Ibid., Journal, 15 April 1812.
15 Quoted in Brown, p. 55.
16 LC, Foster MSS, Journal, 29 and 30 Jan. 1812.
17 Ibid., Journal, 31 Jan. 1812.
18 U.S. Congress, ASPFR, III. 546–47, Craig to Henry, 6 Feb. 1809.
19 Morison, pp. 271–72.
20 Quoted in Cruikshank, Political Adventures, p. 126.
21 LC, Foster MSS, Journal, 19 Feb. 1812.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid., Journal, 20 Jan. 1812, 5 Feb. 1812.
24 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 22, Hull to SW, 6 March 1812.
25 Mahon, p. 44.
26 USNA, M221/43, Dearborn to SW, 28 July 1812.
27 LC, Foster MSS, Journal, 1$ April 1812.
28 Foster, Two Duchesses, p. 360, Foster to his mother, 18 April 1812.
29 PAC, CO 42/146/120, Prevost to Liverpool, 3 April 1812.
30 LC, Foster MSS, Journal, 15 April 1812.
31 Quoted in Cramer, p. 128.
32 Ibid.
33 Hull, Memoirs, p. 34.
34 McAfee, p. 51.
35 Cramer, p. 130.
36 Ibid.
37 Cruikshank, “General Hull’s Invasion,” p. 216.
38 Hull, Report, p. 136.
39 Ibid., Hull’s defence, p. 57.
40 USNA, M221/47/M341, McArthur, Cass, Findley to SW, 18 July 1812; M221/45/ H271, Miller to SW, 12 June 1812.
41 Hull, Report, pp. 124–25; USNA, M221/44/H275, Hull to SW, 18 June 1812.
42 Quaife, War, pp. 187–88.
43 Ibid., pp. 208–9; Walker, pp. 46–47.
44 Hull, Memoirs, p. 35.
45 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, P. 434.
46 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue pp. 433–34.
47 Brown, p. 52.
48 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 114.
49 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, P. 433.
50 Green, Washington, p. 56.
51 Quoted in Perkins, Prologue, p. 427.
52 Quoted in Pratt, Expansionists, pp. 51, 140.
53 Ibid., p. 153.
54 Kentucky Gazette, 3 Sept. 1811.
Michilimackinac
1 Quoted in Cruikshank, “General Hull’s Invasion,” p. 247.
2 Wood, I: 424, Dickson to ?, 18 June 1812.
3 Ibid., p. 425, speech of Wabasha.
4 Ibid., pp. 426–27, statement of Robert Dickson.
5 Pike, I: 64–65.
6 Powell, p. 157.
7 Quoted in Chalou, p. 72, Louisiana Gazette, 6 June 1812.
8 Vincent.
9 Ibid.
10 Wood, I: 440, Roberts to Clegg, 29 July 1812.
11 PAC, RG 8, vol. 789, p. 109, D. Mitchell note, 13 June 1813.
12 Quaife, Askin Papers, p. 569, John Askin Jr. to his father, 1 Sept. 1807.
13 Porter, p. 258.
14 Quoted in Porter, p. 249.
15 Ibid., p. 258.
16 Wood, I: 448, observations of Toussaint Pothier.
17 Ibid., p. 430, Roberts to Brock, 12 July 1812.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid., p. 429, Roberts to Brock, 12 July 1812.
20 PAC, RG 8, vol. 676, p. 183, Roberts to Adjutant General, 17 July 1812; Wood, I: 433, Roberts to Brock, 17 July 1812.
21 Wood, I: pp. 432–34, Roberts to Baynes, 17 July 1812; pp. 436–37, John Askin Jr. to Claus, 18 July 1812; pp. 450–51, observations of Toussaint Pothier; Kellogg, pp. 135–36; Grignon, pp. 268–69.
22 Kellogg, pp. 138–39.
23 Wood, I: 434, Roberts to Brock, 17 July 1812.
24 Ibid., pp. 436–37, John Askin Jr. to Claus, 18 July 1812.
25 Dobbins, p. 303.
26 Wood, I: 442, return of provisions, 30 July 1812; Quaife, Askin Papers, p. 730, John Askin Jr. to his father, 16 Sept. 1812.
27 Wood, III, part I, p. 7, General Order, Montreal, 29 May 1814.
28 PAC, RG 8, vol.91, 15 Jan. 1816, proceedings of inquiry; Cook, p. 29.
29 Porter, p. 263.
30 Ibid., p. 262.
31 Ibid., pp. 263–71.
Detroit
1 Beall, p. 786.
2 Ibid., p. 787.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid., p. 788.
5 Ibid., p. 789.
6 Ibid., pp. 789–90.
7 Ibid., p. 791.
8 Lossing, Field-book, p. 258.
9 Hull, Memoirs, p. 76.
10 Williams, p. 12, Hull to Meigs, 11 July 1812.
11 Ibid., pp. 13–14.
12 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, pp. 40–41, Hull to St. George, 6 July 1812.
13 Ibid., p. 41, St. George to Hull, 6 July 1812.
14 Ibid., p. 47, St. George to Brock, 8 July 1812.
15 Ibid., p. 74, Brock to Prevost, 20 July 1812.
16 Ibid., p. 4$, St. George to Brock, 8 July 1812.
17 Ibid., p. 46.
18 Beall, p. 793.
19 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 243.
20 Drake, p. 163.
21 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 24$.
22 Lucas, Journal, p. 27.
23 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 51, St. George to Brock, 10 July 1812; p. 61, St. George to Brock, 15 July 1812.
24 Beall, p. 795.
25 Lossing, Field-book, p. 262; Woodford, p. $9.
26 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 214, Cochran to his mother, 13 Sept. 1812.
27 Hatch, p. 28.
28 Beall, p. 795.
29 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, pp. $8–60.
30 Ibid., p. 157, Brock to Prevost, 17 Aug. 1812.
31 Ibid., pp. 62–63, Elliott to Claus, 15 July 1812.
32 Smith, p. 83.
33 Montreal Herald, 4 July 1812.
34 Ibid.
35 Tupper, p. 201, Prevost to Brock, 10 July 1812.
36 Ibid., p. 201.
37 Ibid., pp. 5–6.
38 Nursey, p. 30.
39 Tupper, pp. 25–26.
40 Ibid., p. 258.
41 PAC, CO 42/146/42, Prevost to Liverpool, 3 March 1812.
42 Ibid.
43 PAC, CO 42/147/18, Prevost to Liverpool, 25 July 1812.
44 Tupper, pp. 200–201, Prevost to Brock, 10 July 1812.
45 Lucas, Journal, p. 174.
46 Ibid., pp. v and vi.
47 PAC, RG 19, E5U), vol. 3746, no. 423.
48 PAC, RG 19, E5U), vol. 3728, no. 147.
49 Ibid., no. 156.
50 Ibid., no. 137.
51 Ibid., no. 171.
52 PAC, RG 19, E5U), vol. 3752, no. 1196.
53 PAC, RG 19, E5(a), vol. 3751, no. 1072; Hull, Report, p. 152.
54 PAC, RG 19, E5U), vol. 3746, no. 423.
55 PAC, RG 19, E5(a), vol. 3728, nos. 44 and 51.
56 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 49, Dixon to Bruyeres, 8 July 1812; p. 61, St. George to Brock, 15 July 1812.
57 Ibid., p. 63, Elliott to Claus, 15 July 1812.
58 Lucas, Journal, p. 42.
59 Ibid., p. 28.
60 Ibid., p. 36.
61 Quoted in Oman, p. 42.
62 PAC, RG 8, vol. 165, return of regimental courts martial, 103rd Regt., 22 April to 10 Oct. 1812.
63 Hull, Report, Hull’s defence, pp. 44–45.
64 Ibid., p. 57.
65 Ibid., p. 45.
66 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 76.
67 Richardson, Richardson’s War, p. 32.
68 Beall, p. 799.
69 Ibid., p. 800.
70 Ibid., p. 802.
71 Hull, Report, p. 135.
72 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, pp. 185–86, Hull to SW, 26 Aug. 1812.
73 Beall, p. 805.
74 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, pp. 195 96, Brock, speech on opening legislature.
75 Ibid., p. 75, Brock to Prevost, 20 July 1812.
76 Ibid
., p. 93, Talbot to Brock, 27 July 1812.
77 Quoted in Hamil, p. 46.
78 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 196, Brock, speech on opening the legislature.
79 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 152, Brock to Baynes, 29 July 1812.
80 Ibid., p. 146, Brock to Prevost, 26 July 1812.
81 Ibid.
82 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 196, Brock, speech on opening the legislature.
83 Ibid., pp. 119–20, Brock to Baynes, 4 Aug. 1812.
84 Ibid., p. 119.
85 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 152, Brock to Baynes, 29 July 1812.
86 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 82, Brock, proclamation, 22 July 1812.
87 Ibid., p. 120, Brock to Baynes, 4 Aug. 1812.
88 Ibid., p. 197, Brock, speech on opening the legislature.
89 Lucas, Journal, pp. 46–51.
90 Quaife, War, pp. 92–93.
91 Hull, Report, p. 57.
92 Lucas, Journal, p. 52.
93 Quaife, War, p. 277.
94 Ibid.
95 Hull, Memoirs, p. 61.
96 Hull, Report, p. 58.
97 Hull, Memoirs, p. 64.
98 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 219, Cass to SW, 10 Sept. 1812.
99 Hatch, p. 35.
100 Lucas, Journal, p. 105.
101 PAC, CO 42/147/80, Prevost to Liverpool, 5 Aug. 1812.
102 Ibid.
103 Ibid.
104 U.S. Congress, ASPMA, I: 323, Strong to Eustis, 5 Aug. 1812.
105 Ibid., pp. 325–26, Smith to Eustis, 2 July 1812.
106 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 40, SW to Dearborn, 26 June 1812.
107 USNA, M221/43, Dearborn to SW, 13 July 1812.
108 Quoted in Adams, VI: 308, Eustis to Dearborn, 9 July 1812.
109 USNA, M221/43, Dearborn to SW, 13 July 1812.
110 Ibid., Dearborn to SW, 28 July 1812.
111 PAC, RG 8, vol. 677, pp. 31–32, Baynes to Prevost, 12 Aug. 1812, encl. report.
112 Ibid., p. 30.
113 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 128, Dearborn to SW, 9 Aug. 1812.
114 Ibid., p. 127.
115 PAC, RG 8, vol. 677, pp. 33–34, Baynes to Prevost, 12 Aug. 1812, encl. report.
116 Ibid., p. 35.
117 Ibid., p. 37.
118 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 129, Dearborn to Hull, 9 Aug. 1812.
119 Quaife, War, p. 94.
120 Quaife, “Brownstown,” p. 74.
121 Richardson, Richardson’s War, p. 34.
122 Quaife, War, p. 96.
123 Ibid.
124 Ibid., p. 97.
125 Richardson, Richardson’s War, P. 37.
The Invasion of Canada Page 36
