197 Bonney, p. 268, Lovett to Alexander, 14 Oct. 1812; p. 274, Lovett to Alexander, 25 Oct. 1812; Van Rensselaer, p. 24.
198 Crooks, p. 37.
199 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 74, return, 15 Oct. 1812.
200 Ryerson, pp. 368–71.
201 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 83, Glegg to Brock, 14 Oct. 1812.
202 Ibid., p. 146, Ridout to his brother, 21 Oct. 1812.
203 Nursey, p. 213.
204 MTPL, S135, Sandham Col., Ilbert to Taylor, 22 Oct. 1812.
205 PAC, MG 24 B16, Cochran MSS, Cochran to Stewart, 25 Oct. 1812.
206 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 148, Prevost to Bathurst, 21 Oct. 1812.
207 Tupper, pp. 338–39; PAC, CO 42/147/233, 8 Dec. 1812, (Bathurst) to Prevost; Cruikshank, Documentary History, V, General Order, 10 March 1813.
208 Wood, III, part 2, p. 564, Merritt Journal.
209 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 147.
210 Bonney, p. 274, Lovett to Alexander, 25 Oct. 1812.
211 Kingston Gazette, 24 Oct. 1812.
212 York Gazette, 12 Dec. 1812.
213 Loyal and Patriotic Society, Report, p. 365, Appendix no. 1, 22 Nov. 1812 (sermon).
214 PAO, Tupper MSS, Robinson to Tupper, 15 April 1846.
215 Canadian Monthly, July 1874.
216 Quoted in Berger, p. 97.
Black Rock
1 Severance, p. 228.
2 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 194, Smyth’s proclamation, 10 Nov. 1812.
3 Severance, p. 222, Smyth to Dearborn, 30 Oct. 1812.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid., pp. 223–24, Smyth to Dearborn, 9 Nov. 1812; Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 249, statement of David Harvey.
6 Severance, p. 225, Smyth to Dearborn, 9 Nov. 1812.
7 Ibid., p. 225.
8 Lossing, Field-book, p. 426.
9 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 227–28, Myers to Sheaffe, 22 [Nov.] 1812; pp. 233 35, McFeeley to Smyth, n.d.
10 Severance, p. 231.
11 Ibid., p. 232, Smyth to Porter [27 Nov. 1812].
12 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 253–56, Bisshopp to Sheaffe, 1 Dec. 1812; pp. 26063, Winder to Smyth, 7 Dec. 1812.
13 Severance, p. 233.
14 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 252, Sheaffe to Prevost, 30 Nov. 1812.
15 Ibid., p. 250, Smyth to Bisshopp, 28 Nov. 1812; p. 251, Bisshopp’s reply, n.d.
16 Severance, p. 233.
17 Ibid., p. 234, Smyth to his “Hearts of War,” 29 Nov. 1812.
18 Ibid., pp. 237–38, Smyth to McClure and others, 3 Dec. 1812.
19 Ibid., pp. 237–38; Lossing, Fieldbook y pp. 430–31.
20 Lossing, Field-book, p. 431.
21 York Gazette, 12 Dec. 1812, deposition of Bill Sherman, dated 3 Dec. 1812.
22 Severance, pp. 240–41, Porter to Buffalo Gazette, 8 Dec. 1812; York Gazette, 12 Dec. 1812, deposition of Bill Sherman.
23 Buffalo Gazette, 15 Dec. 1812.
24 Severance, p. 243, Tompkins to Fleming, 2 Jan. 1813.
25 USNA, M221/43/D227, Dearborn to SW, 8 Nov. 1812.
26 USNA, M221/43/D254, Dearborn to SW, 24 Nov. 1812.
27 Mann, p. 39; USNA, M221/43/ D262, Dearborn to SW, 11 Dec. 1812.
28 USNA, M221/43/254, Dearborn to SW, 24 Nov. 1812.
29 USNA, M221/43/D262, Dearborn to SW, 11 Dec. 1812.
Frenchtown
1 Clay, p. 715, speech, 16 Aug. 1812.
2 Ibid., p. 697, Clay to Monroe, 29 July 1812.
3 Quoted in Mason, p. 84.
4 Ibid., p. 86.
5 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 151.
6 Hammack, p. 27.
7 Quoted in Hammack, p. 11.
8 Ibid., 7 July 1812.
9 Ibid., p. 21.
10 Niles Register, 30 Nov. 1811; Mason, p. 79.
11 Harrison, II: 91, Gibson to Hargrove, 20 Aug. 1812.
12 Clay, p. 720, Clay to Monroe, 25 Aug. 1812.
13 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 130.
14 Harrison, II: 99, Harrison to SW, 28 Aug. 1812.
15 Cleaves, p. 117; Harrison, II: 98–99, Harrison to SW, 28 Aug. 1812.
16 Winchester, Historical Details, pp. 9–10; DeWitt, p. 90.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 Harrison, II: 100, Harrison to SW, 28 Aug. 1812.
20 Ibid.; ibid., pp. 103–4, Harrison to SW, 29 Aug. 1812.
21 Ibid., pp. 103–4.
22 Darnell, 1 Sept. 1812.
23 Harrison, II: 92, SW to Harrison, 22 Aug. 1812; DeWitt, p. 90.
24 Harrison, II: no, Harrison to SW, 3 Sept. 1812.
25 Cleaves, p. 119.
26 Darnell, 5 Sept. 1812.
27 Northcutt, p. 170.
28 Harrison, II: 143–47, Harrison to SW, 21 Sept. 1812.
29 Ibid., pp. 143–44.
30 Ibid., pp. 143–47.
31 DeWitt, p. 401.
32 Northcutt, p. 176.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid., p. 177.
35 Winchester, Historical Details, pp. 71–72, Eve to Garrard, 22 Nov. 1814.
36 Ibid.; Harrison, II: 136–37, SW to Harrison, 17 Sept. 1812.
37 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” pp. 133–34.
38 Ibid.
39 Winchester, Historical Details, p. 13.
40 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 134; Harrison, II: 160–61, Harrison to Winchester, 4 Oct. 1812
41 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 134.
42 Quoted in Cleaves, p. 126.
43 Ibid.
44 Harrison, II: 136–37, SW to Harrison, 17 Sept. 1812.
45 Ibid., pp. 156–57, Harrison to SW, 27 Sept. 1812.
46 Ibid., pp. 167–72, Tupper to Harrison, 12 Oct. 1812.
47 Darnell, pp. 27–28, 9 Oct. 1812.
48 Lossing, Field-book, p. 348; Cleaves, p. 127.
49 Harrison, II: 184, Harrison to Eustis, 22 Oct. 1814.
50 Ibid., pp. 153–54, Shelby to Harrison, 26 Sept. 1812.
51 Ibid., pp. 192–93, Shelby to Harrison, 1 Nov. 1812.
52 Ibid., p. 192.
53 Ibid., p. 201, Shelby to Harrison, 7 Nov. 1812.
54 Ibid., p. 177, Harrison to SW, 13 Oct. 1812.
55 Ibid., p. 133, Gibson to Hargrove, 12 Sept. 1812.
56 Ibid., pp. 124–28, Taylor to Harrison, 10 Sept. 1812.
57 Ibid., p. 242, Harrison to SW, 12 Dec. 1812; pp. 182–84, Harrison to SW, 22 Oct. 1812.
58 Ibid., p. 241, Harrison to SW, 12 Dec. 1812.
59 Ibid., p. 238, Bodley to Harrison, 11 Dec. 1812; p. 241, Harrison to SW, 12 Dec. 1812.
60 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 134.
61 Harrison, II: 228, Harrison to Campbell, 25 Nov. 1812; pp. 253–65, Campbell to Harrison, 25 Dec. 1812.
62 Ibid., p. 261, Campbell to Harrison, 25 Dec. 1812.
63 Ibid., pp. 288–90, General Orders, 2 Jan. 1813.
64 Ibid., p. 243, Harrison to SW, 12 Dec. 1812.
65 Atherton, p. 19.
66 Darnell, p. 40.
67 Winchester, Historical Details, p. 21.
68 Darnell, p. 41, 29 Dec. 1812.
69 Richardson, Richardson’s War, p. 140.
70 Atherton, p. 27.
71 Winchester, Historical Details, p. 23.
72 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 152.
73 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 140.
74 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 272, Brock to Procter, 17 Sept. 1812.
75 Chalou, p. 163.
76 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 143.
77 Ibid., p. 141.
78 Cruikshank, Documentary History, VI: 242, Black Bird to Claus, 15 July 1813.
79 PAC, RG 8, vol. 677, pp. 163–65, Procter to Sheaffe, 30 Oct. 1812.
80 PAC, RG 8, vol. 677, pp. 176–77, Elliott to Claus, 28 Oct. 1812.
81 PAC, RG 8, vol. 677, p. 181, Elliott to St. George, 11 Nov. 1812;
Chalou, pp. 207–8.
82 PAC, RG 8, vol. 677, p. 182, Ironside to Claus, 13 Nov. 1812; Chalou, pp. 207–8.
83 Wood, II: 5, Procter to Sheaffe, 13 Jan. 1813.
84 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 153.
85 Harrison, II: 308, Day to Harrison, 12 Jan. 1813.
86 Ibid., p. 314, Winchester to Harrison, 17 Jan. 1813.
87 Mason, p. 89.
88 DeWitt, p. 95; Harrison, II: 336, Harrison to SW, 26 Jan. 1813.
89 Harrison, II: 314, Winchester to Harrison, 17 Jan. 1813.
90 Lossing, Field-book, p. 350.
91 Harrison, II: 335, Harrison to SW, 26 Jan. 1813.
92 Ibid., p. 336; Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 155.
93 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 155; Harrison, II: 331–32, Harrison to SW, 18 Jan. 1813.
94 Harrison, II: 314, Winchester to Harrison, 17 Jan. 1813; p. 336, Harrison to SW, 26 Jan. 1813.
95 Ibid., p. 337, Harrison to SW, 26 Jan. 1813.
96 Cleaves, p. 139.
97 Harrison, II: 314, Winchester to Harrison, 17 Jan. 1813.
98 Darnell, p. 46.
99 Quoted in Clift, p. 160, Price to his wife, 16 Jan. 1813.
100 Dudley, p. 1.
101 Darnell, p. 47.
102 Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 154.
103 Harrison, II: 319, Lewis to Winchester, 20 Jan. 1813.
104 “Correspondence,” Perkins to Meigs, 28 Jan. 1813.
105 Harrison, II: 330, Harrison to Meigs, 24 Jan. 1813.
106 Atherton, pp. 40, 42; Darnell, p. 50; Cruikshank, “Harrison and Procter,” p. 156; “Correspondence,” p. 102, Whittlesey to his wife, 25 Jan. 1813.
107 Lossing, Field-book, p. 353; DeWitt, p. 98.
108 Lossing, Field-book, pp. 353 54.
109 DeWitt, pp. 98–99.
110 Harrison, II: 339, McClanahan to Harrison, 26 Jan. 1813.
111 Winchester, Historical Details, pp. 32–33.
112 Ibid.
113 Lossing, Field-book, p. 354; Harrison, II: 340, McClanahan to Harrison, 26 Jan. 1813.
114 Darnell, pp. 50–51.
115 Ibid., p. 51; Lossing, Field-book, p. 354.
116 Darnell, pp. 51–52.
117 Harrison, II: 339, McClanahan to Harrison, 26 Jan. 1813.
118 Atherton, p. 42.
119 Coffin, p. 203.
120 Wood, II: 10, return of those in action on 22 Jan. 1813.
121 Richardson, Richardson’s War, p. 134.
122 Coffin, p. 205.
123 Richardson, Richardson’s War, pp. 137–38.
124 Wood, II: 7, Procter to Sheaffe, 25 Jan. 1813; Richardson, Richardson’s War, p. 134.
125 Ibid., pp. 134–35.
126 Coffin, p. 204.
127 Richardson, Richardson’s War, Richardson to his uncle, 4 Feb. 1813.
128 Coffin, p. 204.
129 Coffin, p. 205.
130 Richardson, Richardson’s War, pp. 137–38.
131 Byfield, p. 73.
132 Ibid., p. 74.
133 Richardson, Richardson’s War Richardson to his uncle, 4 Feb. 1813.
134 Ibid., pp. 137–38.
135 Ibid., pp. 139–40.
136 LC, Harrison MSS, 22 Aug. 1818, sworn statement of Francis Navarre.
137 Atherton, pp. 44–45; Harrison, II: 340, McClanahan to Harrison, 26 Jan. 1813.
138 McAfee, p. 214; Lossing, Fieldbook, p. 355; U.S. Congress, Barbarities, pp. 150–51, statement of Ashton Garrett, 13 April 1813.
139 Atherton, pp. 48–49.
140 Winchester, Historical Details, p. 37; Lossing, Field-book, p. 356; Richardson, p. 135.
141 Winchester, Historical Details, p. 38.
142 Hammack, pp. 51–52.
143 Atherton, p. 53.
144 Ibid.
145 Ibid., pp. 53–54.
146 Ibid., p. 52.
147 Ibid., p. 54.
148 Ibid., p. 52.
149 Dudley, p. 2.
150 History of Pike County.
151 Atherton, pp. 57–60.
152 Ibid., pp. 61–62.
153 U.S. Congress, Barbarities, p. 142, Todd to Bledsoe, 2 May 1813; Lossing, Field-book, p. 358; Atherton, p. 55.
154 U.S. Congress, Barbarities, p. 142, statement of John Todd, 2 May 1813.
155 Atherton, p. 63.
156 Ibid., p. 64.
157 U.S. Congress, Barbarities, pp. 148–50, statement of Albert Ammerman, 21 April 1813.
158 Ibid., pp. 149–50.
159 Atherton, p. 65.
160 U.S. Congress, Barbarities, pp. 140–41, statement of Gustavus Bower, 24 April 1813.
161 Ibid., p. 140.
162 Atherton, p. 70.
163 U.S. Congress, Barbarities, pp. 143–44, statement of John Todd, 2 May 1813.
164 Ibid., p. 131, statement of Alexis Labadie, 6 Feb. 1813.
165 Niles Register, 10 April 1813, Ensign Baker’s statement, 25 Feb. 1813.
166 Darnell, p. 62.
167 U.S. Congress, Barbarities, p. 152, statement of Charles Bradford, 29 April 1813; Atherton, pp. 67–68; Dudley, n.p.
168 U.S. Congress, Barbarities, p. 130, statement of Alexis Labadie, 6 Feb. 1813.
Afterview
1 Mahan, I: 362.
2 Niles Register, 13 Feb. 1813.
3 Quoted in Clift, p. 151.
4 Dunn, p. 31.
5 Clift, p. 115.
6 Brannan, p. 135, report of Erie meeting, 20 Feb. 1813.
7 Clift.
8 Wood, II: 8, Procter to Sheaffe, 25 Jan. 1813.
9 PAC RG 8, vol. 678, pp. 6163, Procter to Sheaffe, 1 Feb. 1813.
10 PAC RG 8, vol. 1170, General Order, 8 Feb. 1813.
11 Quaife, Askin Papers, p. 570, Richardson to J. Askin, 7 Feb. 1813.
12 McAfee, p. 222; Witherell, p. 307; Winchester, Historical Details, p. 45.
13 McAfee, p. 223.
14 Ibid., p. 225.
15 Beal, p. 338.
Coda: William Atherton’s War
1 Atherton, pp. 77–146, passim.
Select Bibliography
Unpublished manuscript material
Public Archives of Canada:
RG 8, “C” series passim., British Military Records
RG 10, vol. II, Indian Affairs
CO 42, vols. 143-149 (Lower Canada); vols. 351-354 (Upper Canada). Colonial Office, original correspondence, Secretary of State.
RG 19 E5(a), Department of Finance, War of 1812 Losses, vols. 3728-3768 passim.
FO 5, vols. 84-86. Foreign Office, General Correspondence, United States of America, series II.
MG 24 A9 Prevost Papers
MG 24 A57 Sherbrooke Papers
MG 24 B15 Cochran Papers
MG 24 F70 Evans Papers
Library of Congress:
Harrison Papers
Augustus Foster Papers
U.S. National Archives:
RG 107 Records of the office of the Secretary of War
M6, reel 5, Letters sent by the Secretary of War
M221, reels 42-49, Letters received by the Secretary of War
Wisconsin Historical Society:
Draper MSS, Tecumseh Papers
Public Archives of Ontario:
Tupper Papers
Hiram Walker Museum Collection
Metropolitan Toronto Public Library:
Alfred Sandham Collection
Published primary sources
Armstrong, John. Notices of the War of 1812, 2 vols., vol. I. New York: G. Dearborn, 1836.
Atherton, William. Narrative of the Suffering & Defeat of the North-western Army under General Winchester.… Frankfort, Ky., 1842.
Beall, William K. “Journal of William K. Beall,” American Historical Review, vol. 17 (1912).
Bonney, Catharina V.R. A Legacy of Historical Gleanings.… 2nd ed., vol. I. Albany, N.Y., 1875.
Boylen, J.C. (ed.). “Strategy of Brock Saved Upper Canada: Candid Comments of a U.S. Officer Who Cros
sed at Queenston,” Ontario History, vol. 58 (1966).
Brannan, John (ed.). Official Letters of the Military and Naval Officers of the United States, during the War with Great Britain in the Years 1812, 13, 14, & 15. Washington: Way and Gideon, 1823.
[Brenton, E.B.] Some Account of the Public Life of the Late Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost, Bart.y Particularly of His Services in the Canadas.… London: Cadell, 1823.
Byfield, Shadrach. “Narrative,” Magazine of History, extra no. 11, 1910.
Claus, William. “Diary,” Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, vol. 23, 1895.
“Collections of Papers on File in the Dominion Archives at Ottawa, Canada, Pertaining to Michigan As Found in the Colonial Office Records,” Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, vol. 25, 1896.
“Correspondence Relating to the War of 1812,” Western Reserve Historical Society, Tract no. 92.
[Clay, Henry.] The Papers of Henry Clay, vol. I, edited by James Hopkins.
Lexington, Ky.: University of Kentucky Press, 1959.
Coyne, James H. (ed.). “The Talbot Papers,” Royal Society of Canada Transactions, ser. 3, sect. 2, vols. I and III, 1909.
Crooks, James. “Recollections of the War of 1812,” Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Toronto, Transaction no. 13 (1913/14).
Cruikshank, E.A. (ed.). “Campaigns of 1812–14: Contemporary Narratives …,” Niagara Historical Society Publications, no. 9 (1902).
—— (ed.). The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier 1812–1814. 9 vols. Welland: Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, 19021908.
—— (ed.). Documents Relating to the Invasion of Canada and the Surrender of Detroit, Canadian Archives Publications, no. 7. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1912.
—— (ed.). “Letters of 1812 from the Dominion Archives,” Niagara Historical Society Publications, no. 23 (n.d.).
—— (ed.). “Some Unpublished Letters of General Brock,” Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records, vol. 13 (1915).
Darnell, Elias. A Journal Containing an Accurate and Interesting Account of the Hardships … of … Kentucky Volunteers and Regulars Commanded by General Winchester in the Years 1812–1813.… Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo, 1854.
Dobbins, Daniel and Dobbins, William. “The Dobbins Papers,” Buffalo Historical Society Publications, vol. 8 (1905).
Douglas, John. Medical Topography of Upper Canada. London: Burgess and Hill, 1819.
Dudley, Thomas. “Battle and Massacre at Frenchtown, Michigan, January 1813,” Western Reserve Historical Society, Tract no. 1, 1870.
The Invasion of Canada Page 38
