James Alexander Watson, ca. 1865.
William “Uncle Billy” Rubottom, ca. 1870.
Henry D. Barrows, ca. 1865.
Henry Hamilton, ca. 1870.
Josephine Donna Smith (Ina Coolbrith), ca. 1870.
Melvina Prater, ca. 1870.
Tomás Sánchez, ca. 1865.
Edward John Cage Kewen, ca. 1860.
Phineas Banning, ca. 1865
Charles Wilkins, ca. 1860
María Merced Williams, Margarita Chata Bandini, and Francisca Williams, ca. 1860.
John Rains, ca. 1860.
Robert Carlisle, ca. 1860.
José Ramón Carrillo, ca. 1860.
J. J. Warner with Cahuilla leaders, including Chief Manuel Largo, with mustache, ca. 1875.
Manuel Olegario, ca. 1870.
Henry T. Hazard, ca. 1875.
James Francis Burns, ca. 1875.
Robert M. Widney, ca. 1870.
Ygnacio Sepúlveda, ca. 1875.
INDEX
Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Acron and Aikin’s Livery, 10
African Americans, 42, 73, 137, 196, 201–2, 205, 209–11, 247–48, 339, 379–81, 382, 384, 385, 387, 440, 441
agua caliente (hot springs), 136
Agua Mansa, 228
aguardiente, 58, 59, 111–12, 167, 168, 247, 249, 327, 500
Aguella, Santiago, 465
Ah Choy, 470–71, 485, 487
Ah Loy, 465
Ah Sing, 487
alcaldes (chief civil officers), 23–24, 35, 59, 60–68, 75, 106, 169, 187, 190–91, 193, 194, 207, 215, 216, 241, 247, 309, 410
Alcatraz Island, 391
Alexander, David W., 320, 324–26, 327, 328, 339
Alexander, Frank, 342, 345, 346
Alexander, Ramón, 222
Alipás, Dámaso, 23
Alipás, Dionisio, 208
Alipás, Gervasio, 22–31, 59–60, 208
Aliso Canyon, 165
Alvarado, Esteban, 490
Alvarado, Francisco Javier, 61
Alvarado, Juan Bautista, 21–22, 30, 48, 57, 62, 63–65, 67, 68, 69–70, 71, 73, 74–75, 80, 81, 83, 86, 89–90, 92, 97, 98–99, 103, 298
Alvarta, Pedro, 288
Alvitre, Felipe, 3–7, 11–17, 295–96, 299, 301, 304–10, 311, 394
Alvitre, Felipe Sebastían, 3–4
Alvitre, José Claudio, 394–95
Alvitre, Ylario, 4–5, 295–96
Alvitre, Ysidro, 4
“American graveyard,” 326, 347
American Party, 184, 319, 377, 378
American Revolution, 355
Anacleto, Father, 272, 292, 311
Angelenos (Los Angeles inhabitants), xiii, 1–3, 15, 17, 21, 27–28, 34, 41–46, 57–58, 64–65, 79, 81, 95, 102, 104, 108–30, 131, 134, 139, 140–52, 166–69, 172, 177, 182–83, 187–95, 249, 255–56, 264, 275–76, 280, 296, 298–99, 301, 304, 320, 374–75, 384, 451, 501, 509
Anglos (white settlers), 3, 4, 205, 245, 248, 255, 257, 260, 266–70, 274–75, 283–84, 296, 307–8, 326, 332–33, 343–44, 347–48, 354–58, 361–63, 374, 427, 429, 461, 464, 469, 500
Antonio, Juan, 228–29, 238, 239, 240, 242–43, 250, 252, 254, 255–57, 259, 260–61
Araujo, Francisco, 28
Arcadia Block, 444, 452
Ardillero, Francisco, 359, 361
Arendt, Hannah, xiii
Army, U.S., 92–93, 153–54, 173–76, 179–80, 195–97, 257–58, 385–86, 392
Army of the West, 133–34, 179–81
Arroyo Seco, 234
Artesia, 6
Arzaga, Manuel, 28–29
Austin, Charles, 490
Avery, Charles, 474, 475
Ávila, José María, 47
ayuntamiento (town council), 27, 29, 30, 43–44, 45, 55, 58, 59, 187, 193, 209, 211, 247, 283
Baker, Charles, 342, 344–45, 346, 347
Baker, Francis, 469, 472
Baldwin, John M., 475, 478–79
Ballesteros, Carlos, 119–20
Ballesteros, Felipe, 194
Ballesteros, Juan de Dios, 9
balls and dances, 56–57, 79, 177–78, 187, 188–90, 191, 192, 279–80, 301, 340
Bancroft, George, 86, 87, 97, 101
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 265, 344
banderolas (pennants), 131
Bandini, Juan, 45
Banning, Phineas, 392, 399, 400–401, 411, 446
Barnes, Enoch, 446
Barrows, Henry Dwight, 343–44, 347, 364, 365, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373–74, 375, 376, 383, 387–88, 390–91, 393, 400–401, 437, 484
Barter, George Washington, 482
Bartolet, Julien, 190
Barton, James R., 1–3, 7, 10, 15, 73, 81, 105, 112, 139, 146, 204, 218, 220, 244, 254–55, 266, 274, 289–92, 296, 303, 307–9, 310, 320, 337–55, 358–73, 376, 379, 404, 424, 464
Barton, José Santiago, 337, 338, 349
Barton, Margaret Rowland, 73
Barton Ranch, 337–38, 349
Bassett, James Madison, 497, 498–99, 501, 503
Bath Street, 291
Baton Rouge, La., 69
Beale, Edward F., 141, 142, 146, 147, 151
Bean, Joshua H., 241–43, 254, 255–57, 258, 267–73
Bean, Roy, 241
Beane, Charles E., 452, 454–55, 482, 484, 486–87
Bear Flag Revolt (1846), 72, 94, 95–99, 109, 169, 386–87
Bell, Alexander, 177, 255
Bell, Georgia Herrick, 441
Bell, Horace, xxvii, 57, 105–10, 177, 201, 228, 230, 246, 247, 270–74, 280–86, 290–91, 305, 338–46, 375, 378–80, 420–24, 431, 432, 440–42, 450–54, 469, 482, 490–91, 508–9
Bell, Jacob, 447–48, 450–52, 454, 475
Bella Union Hotel, 201, 202, 230, 236–37, 266, 270, 271, 283–84, 383, 390, 392, 422, 424, 434–37, 511
Benites, Ana, 267–71
Benton, Thomas Hart, 177
Bidwell, John, 72
Biggs, Peter, 201–2, 446
Bigler, John, 283
Bilderback, Hershel and Henry, 459–60
Bilderrain, Jesús, 470–71, 472, 482
Blair, María Jesús Bouchet, 220–21
Blair, Nicholas, 220–21
Botello, Refugio, 490
Botts, Charles, 206
Brent, Joseph Lancaster, 214–15, 218, 229–38, 242, 243–44, 249, 279–80, 290–91, 300, 312, 319, 370, 371, 376, 381, 441
Broderick, David, 382
Brooks, John W., 483
Brown, David, 7–11, 13–17, 296, 299–301, 304, 306–7, 309–13, 316, 317–18, 320, 321, 324, 327, 330, 371, 374, 421
Brown, John “Juan Flaco,” 116
Bryant & Sturgis, 53
Buchanan, James, 86–87, 91–92, 94, 196, 339, 340
Buckley, John, 397, 464
bullfights, 191, 301
Burgess, Thomas, 151, 152
Burnett, Peter, 209, 241–42
Burns, James Frank, 445, 451, 452, 473, 474–75, 478–79, 480
Burrill, G. Thompson, 213–14, 226, 230, 235–37, 241, 242, 254–55
Burrows, Charley, 8–9
Burt, William, 317
Burton, Henry S., 261
Bustamante, Francisco, 497–500
Butterfield Overland Mail, 383
Butts, William, 295, 297
Cabot, Pedro, 31
Caddick, Joe, 1
Cahuenga, Treaty of (1847), 170–72, 178
Cahuenga Pass, 46–48, 81–83, 170–72, 214, 270
Cahuilla Indians, 50, 158, 194, 228–29, 238, 239, 240–43, 245, 246, 248–61, 461
Cajon Pass, 117, 225–26, 228, 232, 238, 242
California:
agriculture in, 25, 40, 41, 55, 58–59, 261, 337, 376, 389–90, 441–44, 450–51, 463
Baja, 44, 252, 276
black population of, 42, 73, 137, 196, 201–2, 205, 209–11, 247–48, 339, 379–
81, 382, 384, 385, 387, 440, 441
Chinese population of, 445, 463–91, 494–95, 496
clothing worn in, 52–53, 54, 178, 180
colonization of, 33–37, 43–46
commercial trade in, 53–54
Confederates vs. Unionists in, xiii, 209–11, 316, 376–81, 384–88, 389, 390–94, 400, 423–24, 439, 440–41, 511
constitutional convention (1849) for, 206, 207, 210
corruption and fraud in, 50, 51, 283–84, 375–76, 467–68, 508–9
drought in, 441, 442–43, 444
economy of, 34, 37–38, 53–54, 58, 90, 245–46, 251–52, 264, 283, 295, 298, 389, 390, 443–45, 463
elections in, 178, 184, 206, 339–40, 380–82, 384, 391, 439, 444
extranjeros (foreigners) in, 29, 56–57, 60, 67–70, 80, 104–5, 114, 116–18, 121, 136, 321
Free Soil movement in, 339, 383–84, 392
frontier settlements of, xi–xiii, 16–17, 33–37, 74, 106–8, 112, 216, 220, 279, 281, 283, 290, 297, 305–6, 380, 408, 445, 457–58, 459, 491, 493, 500–501, 513
gangs and marauders in, 234–43, 248, 256–57, 263, 337, 341–48, 354–55, 357–62, 365, 367, 386
Gold Rush in, 7, 195, 196, 202, 229, 232, 251, 377, 422, 448, 504
governors of (Mexican), 3, 4, 21, 23, 30, 35, 41–51, 58, 61–84, 85, 89–90, 95–96, 98–99, 104–5, 108, 115–16, 170, 172, 217
governors of (U.S. civilian), 209, 211–12, 227, 241, 255, 282, 367, 382, 385, 400, 443 447, 486, 505
governors of (U.S. military), 106, 153–55, 160, 174, 178, 179–81, 182, 185–86, 193, 195, 197, 205
immigration to, xiii, 7–8, 28, 34–35, 55, 58–59, 68, 72, 74, 154, 203–4, 232, 245, 282, 319, 404, 443, 445, 463–64
irrigation ditches (zanjas) in, 25, 40, 41, 55, 58–59
landowners in, 43–46, 48, 50, 53, 54–56, 322–23, 389–90, 417, 419–37, 442–44, 447, 450–51, 462–63
legislature of, 43–44, 48, 81, 221, 281, 381, 391
Mexican insurrection in, 45–48, 109–24
Mexican population of (Californios), xiii, 3, 4–8, 11, 13, 14–16, 21, 23, 29, 33–35, 41–48, 52, 56, 60, 183, 185, 189–90, 207, 226, 255, 266, 273, 280, 290, 305, 320–26, 329, 330, 339–44, 355, 365–66, 445, 496–97, 499, 500
Mexican rule in, xii–xiii, 4, 6, 10, 21, 23, 28–29, 33–38, 41–47, 48, 50, 56, 57–58, 61–172, 185, 186–87, 192, 193–95, 196, 209, 215–16, 217, 230, 234, 500
mission system in, 34, 35–40, 42, 43, 45–46, 48, 53
orange groves in, 55, 68, 79, 441, 444, 473, 481
plagues in, 389–90, 444
political situation in, 44–46, 48, 221
presidios (fortresses) of, 40, 44–46, 64, 67, 69, 77, 102, 139
real estate development in, 442–44, 447, 450–51, 462–63
sheriffs in, 1–2, 15, 16, 202, 213, 218, 249–52, 264–66, 281, 316, 320, 326, 329, 337, 338–39, 340, 347, 367, 368, 376, 389, 445, 460, 475, 476, 486, 495, 498, 509
slavery issue in, 42, 73, 137, 196, 201–2, 205, 209–11, 247–48, 339, 379–81, 382, 384, 385, 440, 441, 467, 468
Spanish rule in, xiii, 3–4, 35–37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 52–53, 230
statehood for, 2, 85–86, 207–8
Supreme Court of, 13, 14–16, 304–5, 310, 312–13, 371, 382, 449–50, 490
taxation in, 58, 251–52, 264, 283, 298, 389, 390, 443
U.S. conquest of, 4, 6, 10, 85–94, 109, 133, 164–72, 186–87, 193–95, 195, 234, 500
U.S. insurrections in, 4, 6, 10, 67–172, 186–87, 193–95, 196, 386–87
as U.S. territory, 85–88, 107–8, 125, 133–34, 170–71, 174, 182, 185–86, 196, 205
vineyards in, 34, 36, 47, 55, 56, 58–59, 75, 79, 102, 116, 122, 189, 190, 220, 246, 247, 308, 330, 381, 389–90, 422, 423, 441, 448, 449–50, 461
white settlers in (Anglos), 3, 4, 205, 245, 248, 255, 257, 260, 266–70, 274–75, 283–84, 296, 307–8, 326, 332–33, 343–44, 347–48, 354–58, 361–63, 374, 427, 429, 461, 464, 469, 500
see also specific cities and towns
California Battalion of Mounted Rifles, 99–100, 102, 131, 156, 168, 170, 174–76, 177, 179–80, 181
Californios (Mexican population), xiii, 3, 4–8, 11, 13, 14–16, 21, 23, 29, 33–35, 41–48, 52, 56, 60, 183, 185, 189–90, 207, 226, 255, 266, 273, 280, 290, 305, 320–26, 329, 330, 339–44, 355, 365–66, 445, 496–97, 499, 500
Callao, 76
Calle de Eternidad (Eternity Street), 59, 249, 311, 323, 390
Calle del Aliso, 180, 201
Calle de la Zanja (Los Angeles Street), 201
Calle de los Negros, 1, 58, 111–12, 180, 201, 207–9, 248, 269, 271, 279, 285–89, 397, 445, 461, 463–80, 504
Calle Principal (Main Street), 7, 10, 106, 109, 167, 180–81, 229, 236, 328, 435
Calletano (Indian), 248
Camp Drum, 439
campo santo (graveyard), 10, 26, 31, 180, 249, 293, 311, 324, 390
Cañada, Augusta, 397, 464
Cañedo, María, 218–19
Cape Horn, 133, 154
carbines, 127, 149, 163, 282
Carlisle, Robert S., 419, 422–28, 429, 431–32, 433, 434–36, 439–40, 457
Carlos III, King of Spain, 35–36
Carmello, Francisco, 266
Carmona, Joseph G., 410
Carpenter, Frank, 452
Carpenter, Henrietta, 452
Carrera, Gorgonio, 6, 11
Carriaga, Fernando, 326, 329–30, 332
Carrillo, Francisca Sepúlveda de, 221, 339
Carrillo, José Antonio, 44, 45, 56, 57, 63, 95, 107–15, 123, 127–32, 150, 165, 170, 177, 188–90, 205–7, 221, 339
Carrillo, José Clemente, 434
Carrillo, José Ramón, 94, 382, 424–34
Carrillo, Julio María, 427, 430–31
Carrillo, María Vicenta Sepúlveda, 424
Carsley, Josephine Donna Smith “Ina” (Ina Coolbrith), 347–48, 375, 403–8
Carsley, Robert B., 403–8
Carson, Kit, 87, 134–35, 142, 143, 144–45, 151
Castro, Jesús, 238–39
Castro, José Antonio, 68, 69, 70, 71, 80–83, 86, 88–89, 90, 92, 93, 95–96, 97, 98–99, 100–104, 107, 110, 115, 158, 160, 191–92
Catabo, Juan, 345, 359, 361
Catholics, 35, 37, 54, 202, 203, 229, 278, 282, 300, 304, 305, 311, 319, 326, 347, 444–45
cattle ranching, 3, 9, 37–38, 43, 50, 53, 56, 105, 117, 132, 134, 159, 228, 229, 251, 265, 315–16, 328, 389, 396, 421, 422, 424, 427, 441, 442–43
Cavanaugh, Tom, 287
Census:
of 1836, 68–69
of 1860, 349
of 1870, 463
Central Valley, 88, 89
Cerradel, Manuel, 425, 428
Chapo, Juan, 248
Chico, Mariano, 61–62
Chihuahua, 7
Chinese massacre (1871), 445, 463–91, 494–95, 496
Chino Hills, 6, 420
Chipley, Thomas, 487
“Chivs” (Chivalry faction), 380–81, 382, 384, 391, 392, 424, 440
Chumash people, 38, 252
churchurki game, 249
Civil War, U.S., xiii, 209–11, 316, 376–81, 384–88, 389, 390–94, 400, 423–24, 439, 440–41, 511
Clamor Público, El, 319–20, 321, 333, 353, 356, 363, 382, 384
Clay, Henry, 377
Clifford, Pinckney, 7, 10, 296, 311
Colt, Samuel, 282
Colton, Walter, 168
comité de vigilancia (vigilante committee), 21–22, 320, 322, 324, 325–33
Committee of Safety, 355–56, 362–63
Committee of Twenty, 328–29
Compton Creek, 129
Confederacy, 209–11, 316, 376–81, 384–88, 389, 390–94, 400, 423–24, 439, 440–41, 511
Congress, U.S., 185, 196, 205, 207, 230, 250, 259–60, 462
Congress, USS, 106
Conway, Charles R., 384–85, 396, 407
Cooke, Philip St. George, 154, 179, 180–84
Cooper, James Fenimore, 99
Coopwood, Bethel, 359, 363
Cornwall, William A., 283–84
Coronel, Antonio F., 50, 75, 104, 131–38, 150, 152, 164, 165, 177, 205, 268–69, 271, 286, 329, 339, 341, 363, 370–71, 390
Coronel building, 472–80
coroner’s juries, 225, 227, 243, 248, 268–69, 288, 289, 371, 481–83, 484, 499, 504–5
corporal punishment, 4, 39, 414–15
Cota, Francisco, 394–96, 398
Cota, Roque Jacinto, 25
Cota de Reyes, María, 115
Cowden, Frank, 411
Coyote (Indian), 249–50
Creek Indians, 225–26
Crenshaw, Leonard “Curley,” 487, 488, 490
Crespi, Juan, 40, 41
Cribbs, Stephen, 209–10, 211
Cruz, Francisco “Pancho,” 397, 464
Culberson, Mary Ellen, 410
Culberson, William, 410
Cummings, Joe, 287, 288
Cupa ranchería, 136, 137–38, 144, 146, 253, 254, 257
Cupeño Indians, 203, 250–51, 252, 253, 255, 259, 260
Cuyamaca Mountains, 135
Cyane, USS, 77, 91
Daily Alta California, 2, 227, 234, 243, 284, 318, 355, 448, 475
Daimwood, B. J., 398
Daley, Charles, 342, 346, 347
Dana, Frank, 285–89, 464
Daniel, Francisco “Pancho,” 340, 341, 344, 345, 358–59, 362–63, 367–72, 374, 394
Davis, Garrett, 185
Davis, Jefferson, 391
Davis, William Heath, 82, 153
Dead Man’s Island, 130
de la Guerra, Pablo, 434, 449
Delaval, Henry, 448
Delaware Indians, 88, 99
Democratic Party, 178, 211, 277, 300, 319–20, 328, 338–40, 357, 370, 375–84, 390–94, 423–24, 439–40, 446, 513
Diegueños, 252
Dimmick, Kimball S., 387
diputación (territorial legislature), 43, 81
Domínguez, Manuel, 60, 206–7
Dorsey, Civility Rubottom, 379–80
Dorsey, Hilliard P., 284, 353, 379–80, 392
Dorsey, Kewen, 379
Dos Amigos saloon, 221
Downey, John G., 381, 382, 385, 443
Downey, Joseph, 153, 159, 162–68
Downey Block, 474, 478
Dragoons, First Regiment, U.S., 53, 133–54, 159, 163, 167–68, 174, 176, 179, 187, 191, 196–97, 203, 235–36, 355–56, 423, 432
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