Eternity Street
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Rivera, Pedro, 360
Robidoux, Luis, 233, 237–38, 240
Robinson, Alfred, 53–54, 75
Robinson, E. P., 317
Robinson, George D. W., 230, 232–33, 238
Robinson, Jane Sutch, 232–33
Rojo, Manuel Clemente, 114, 146, 158, 204–5, 207, 265, 266, 267, 272, 274–76, 305, 318, 493
Romo, Jesús “El Gordo,” 496–500, 502
Romo, Pedro, 326
Rowland, John A., 72–73, 81, 105, 106, 116, 117, 118, 140, 204
Royce, Josiah, 88, 94
Rubio, Andrés, 410
Rubio, José, 339
Rubottom, Ezekiel, 315, 317, 362
Rubottom, William “Uncle Billy,” 315, 379, 380, 429–32
Ruiz, Antonio, 323–27
Russell, Andrew C., 283–84
rustlers, 50, 70, 230, 237, 266, 274–75, 315–16, 321–22, 338, 364, 365–66, 396, 398, 457, 507
Sacramento, Calif., 377
Sacramento Daily Union, 462
Sacramento Valley, 89, 90, 93
Sahatapa ranchería, 243, 261
Saint Louis, USS, 70
St. Vibiana Cathedral, 444–45
St. Vincent’s School, 349
Salazar, José, 190
Salinas River, 89
saloons, 8, 16, 201, 207–9, 221–23, 268, 273, 286–89, 325, 377, 397, 464, 480, 488
Salt Lake, 232
Sam Yuen, 469–70, 486, 487
Sanate, Gabriel, 289–90, 291
San Bernardino, Calif., 50, 430
San Bernardino County, Calif., 432
San Blas, 70
Sánchez, Esteban, 470–72
Sánchez, José Bernardo, 49
Sánchez, Tomás, 145, 359–60, 382, 395–96, 398–99, 428, 434–36, 445
San Diego, Calif., 3, 6, 8, 34, 36, 44, 45, 48, 68, 74, 75, 100, 102, 106, 132, 136, 139, 141, 142, 150, 151–52, 157, 176, 179, 235–36, 241, 253, 254, 257, 341
San Diego County, Calif., 252, 260
San Diego Herald, 251, 254, 269
San Diego Union, 462–63
Sandoval, Cipriano, 271–73
San Fernando Valley, 75, 81, 168–69, 361, 389–90
Sanford, Cyrus, 400, 446–47
Sanford, John, 399–401
San Francisco, Calif., 76, 78, 93, 125, 263–64, 298–99, 305, 320, 321, 383, 443, 444, 466
San Francisco Chronicle, 494
San Francisco Daily Bulletin, 321, 329, 364, 373, 383, 483, 499
San Gabriel Mountains, 278, 307–8, 459–60
San Gabriel Valley, 73, 315–16, 357, 496, 499
San Joaquín Hills, 344
San José, Calif., 3, 371, 495
San José Hills, 419
San Luis Obispo, Calif., 101–2, 155, 169, 275, 276
San Luis Obispo County, Calif., 274
San Pasqual, Battle of, 140–54, 157, 162, 174, 178, 188, 191, 192, 204, 208, 215
San Pedro, Battle of, 102–3, 105, 106, 107, 121–27, 130, 131–32, 140, 159, 160, 166, 172, 188, 204
San Pedro, Calif., 54–55, 68, 78, 82–83, 100, 387, 392, 444
San Quentin penitentiary, 244, 338, 417, 428, 446, 447, 449, 490, 503
Santa Barbara, Calif., 34, 38, 97, 131, 156, 312, 371
Santa Clara County, Calif., 367
Santa Fe, N.Mex., 134, 135, 180
Santa Fe Trail, 73, 133
Santa Monica Mountains, 46
Santa Rosa Mountains, 251
Santa Susana Pass, 361
Santiago Canyon, 357, 360, 361
San Timoteo Canyon, 240–43
Santos, José, 352, 354, 359
Savannah, USS, 97, 125–26, 131
scalping, 7
Scott, Jonathan R., 13–14, 230–31, 233, 243, 300, 331–32, 363, 364–65, 371, 421, 422–23, 426
second-degree murder, 331, 332, 447
secularización (secularization program), 34, 43–46, 48, 49–52, 53, 54, 55
self-defense plea, xii, 10, 61, 194–95, 243, 281, 285, 289, 292, 323–24, 376, 397, 468, 496
semana santa (Holy Week), 26, 27
Semanta (Indian woman), 425
Seminole War, 157
Senate, U.S., 259–60
Sepúlveda, Diego, 121, 240
Sepúlveda, Enrique, 60–61
Sepúlveda, José Andrés, 344
Sepúlveda, José Loreto, 193, 446
Sepúlveda, José Ramón, 446–47, 457
Sepúlveda, Juan, 320–21
Sepúlveda, Ygnacio, 417–18, 457, 484–85, 496, 503, 505
Serra, Junípero, 36–37
Sexton, Daniel, 304
Shamrock Restaurant, 501–2
Sharkey, Andy, 465
sheriffs, 1–2, 15, 16, 202, 213, 218, 249–52, 264–66, 281, 316, 320, 326, 329, 337, 338–39, 340, 347, 367, 368, 376, 389, 445, 460, 475, 476, 486, 495, 498, 509
Shoshone Indians, 228
Shubrick, William Bradford, 179
Sierra Nevada, 195, 232, 260
Signoret, Felix, 397–98, 428, 449, 452–53, 483
Silvas, Mariano, 214–18
Simpson, George, 65
Sims, Columbus, 368, 369, 370–71, 383
Sing Lee, 467, 469
slavery, 42, 73, 137, 196, 201–2, 205, 209–11, 247–48, 339, 379–81, 382, 384, 385, 440, 441, 467, 468
Sloat, John D., 91, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101
smallpox, 261, 273, 390, 460–61
Smith, Agnes Coolbrith, 403, 404, 406–7
Smith, Andrew Jackson, 201–2
Smith, Carlos, 403
Smith, Charlotte, 404, 405
Smith, Joseph, 403
Smith, Josephine Donna “Ina” (Ina Coolbrith), 347–48, 375, 403–8
Smith, Justin, 169
Smith, Tom, 285–89, 464
Smith, William, 219
soldados (soldiers), 3–4, 36–37, 40, 42, 52–53, 158, 227
soldados de cuero (leather-jacket soldiers), 3, 227
Soloma, Miguel, 216
Sonoma, Calif., 36, 74, 94, 97, 99, 103–4
Sonora, Calif., 34, 135, 234, 237
Sonora Road, 112, 132, 240, 251, 252
Sonoratown, 270, 363, 444–45
Sonoreños, 52, 226, 272, 289–90, 323, 325, 359, 494
Soquel Canyon, 6
Soto, Miguel, 352, 354
Southern Californian, 13, 15–16, 285, 295, 297, 299, 301, 303, 306, 311, 317, 319, 381
Southerners, xiii, 209–11, 316, 376–81, 384–88, 389, 390–94, 400, 423–24, 439, 440–41, 511
Southern News, 384, 396
Southern Vineyard, 381
Spanish Empire, xiii, 3–4, 35–37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 52–53, 230
Spanish language, 4, 11, 13, 14–15, 180, 188, 193, 203, 207, 213, 226, 231, 265, 273–74, 278, 291, 305, 309, 312, 319, 322, 328, 349, 420, 508
Spring Street, 2, 307, 310, 343, 398
Squatters’ Riot, 377
Standage, Henry, 183
Stearns, Abel, 54–55, 56, 58, 68, 79, 91, 105, 205, 207–8, 209, 210, 211, 213, 221, 247, 268, 270, 274, 275, 280, 329, 387, 419, 443, 444
Stearns, Arcadia Bandini, 79
Stevenson, David “Buckskin,” 460
Stevenson, Jonathan D., 182, 183–84, 187, 188–96
Stockton, Calif., 269, 297
Stockton, Robert F., 100–110, 115, 116, 122–26, 131–32, 136, 139–42, 149–76, 179, 184, 185–86, 215
Stoddard, Mary Neal, 411–13
Stoddard, William M., 411–13
Stokes, Edward, 136–37, 139–40, 152
street fights, 58, 279–89, 379, 441–42, 446
suicide, 220, 221, 223
Sumner, Edwin V., 386
Sun Beam Photographic Gallery, 454
Sutter, Johann Augustus, 72
Sutter’s Fort, 88, 89, 93, 99, 154
Swigart, Serena Keller “Sireny,” 409–10
Swigart, Thomas C., 408–9
Sze Yup Company, 466, 467, 468–69
tallow, 4
3, 53, 105
Taos, N.Mex., 72, 134
Tapia, Tiburcio, 23–24, 67
taxation, 58, 251–52, 264, 283, 298, 389, 390, 443
Taylor, Zachary, 7
telegraph, 383
Temecula, Treaty of (1852), 259–60
Temple, Antonia Margarita Workman de, 4
Temple, Francis P. F., 4
Temple, Jonathan, 28, 29, 54, 56, 68, 115–16, 181, 213, 223, 444
Temple, María Raphaela Cota de, 28, 54, 115, 116
Tepic, 70–71
Terry, David S., 382
Texas, 7, 69, 72, 74, 76, 83, 85–86, 92, 94, 97–98, 385–86
Texas Mounted Volunteers, 421
Texas Rangers, 7
Thirteenth Amendment, 468
Thom, Cameron E., 11, 331–32, 440, 447, 460, 475, 486, 487, 488–89
Thompson, James, 361, 368–69, 372
Thompson, John S., 507–8
Thompson, Robert, 472, 475, 482, 485, 487
Thorne, Thomas, 210
Thurman, Frank, 409
Tibbetts, Jonathan, 387, 457
Tombstone, Ariz., 283
Tomlinson’s corral, 454, 474, 475, 477, 478–79, 483, 484, 488
Tong, Gene (Chee Long Tong), 464, 477, 481, 487, 488, 489, 490
Trabuco Creek, 357, 358
treason, 61, 181, 257, 258, 390, 391
trials:
acquittals in, 289, 290, 312, 324, 398
bail in, 234, 236, 329, 330, 486
change of venue in, 13, 300, 312, 370–71, 460
divorce, xii, 23, 214–24, 230, 332, 351, 403–18
jury, xi, 5, 8–14, 195, 214, 219, 243, 247, 266, 274, 275, 290, 296–306, 325, 329–32, 354, 369, 371, 375, 376, 385, 397, 399–400, 417, 430, 442, 446–49, 456–58, 468, 484–89, 499, 503, 505, 510, 513
lawyers in, xii, 64, 202, 204, 299, 369, 398, 447, 466, 508
murder, see murder
“not guilty” plea and verdict in, 11, 395, 454, 457, 468, 505, 513
Truman, Benjamin, 445, 495–96, 498
Turner, Henry Smith, 149, 151, 152
Turner, Rebecca Humphreys, 496–500
Turner, William, 496–500
Tyler, Daniel, 183
Tyler, John, 76, 79
Union Club, 387, 393–94
Union Party, 392–93
United States:
army of, 92–93, 153–54, 173–76, 179–80, 195–97, 257–58, 385–86, 392
civil war in, xiii, 209–11, 316, 376–81, 384–88, 389, 390–94, 400, 423–24, 439, 440–41, 511
frontier of, xi–xiii, 16–17, 33–37, 74, 106–8, 112, 216, 220, 279, 281, 283, 290, 297, 305–6, 380, 408, 445, 457–58, 459, 491, 493, 500–501, 513
navy of, 75–79, 91, 92, 100, 112, 151–54, 173–76
slavery in, 42, 73, 137, 196, 201–2, 205, 209–11, 247–48, 339, 379–81, 382, 384, 385, 440, 441, 467, 468
territories of, 196, 205, 339, 380
violence in, xi–xiii, 1–3, 4, 16–17, 33–35, 279–89
see also specific cities and states
United States, USS, 77
Upshur, Abel P., 76
Uribe, Ricardo, 238, 241
Uribe de Ocampo, María Francisca, 161
Urquides, María Ramona Véjar, 60
Urquides, Tomás, 60
Ute Indians, 226, 227, 228
vagrants, 320–21, 399–401
Valdes, Jesús, 216
Valenzuela, Juan, 353–54
Valenzuela, Navio and María, 504
Vallejo, Mariano Guadalupe, 74, 86, 90–91, 94
Van, Madame, 511
Vandalia, USS, 122, 125–26, 131
van der Leck, Caroline, 394
vaqueros (cowboys), 6, 9, 22, 34, 42, 52–53, 57, 80, 117, 135, 226, 230, 231, 233, 342, 423, 462, 498, 499
Varela, Antonio María “Chino,” 348, 358–59, 362–64, 367, 386, 462
Varela, José Sérbulo, 110–11, 112, 113, 119, 121, 150, 348, 358, 363, 386, 411, 462
Varela, José Sérbulo (nephew), 217
Varela, Ylario, 109, 110, 326
Vásquez, Tiburcio, 495–96, 499
Vera Cruz, 88, 97
Verdugo Hills, 169
Vicksburg, Battle of, 392
Victoria, Manuel, 44, 45, 46–48, 49, 61, 62, 74, 81, 96, 170
vigilantism:
committees for, xiii, 21–22, 298, 299–300, 320, 322, 324, 325–33, 355–56, 362–63, 456–58
hangings in, 2, 13, 14–15, 243–44, 257, 264, 270, 273–74, 276, 279, 301, 307, 310, 312, 316–17, 318, 320, 321, 324, 326, 327, 353–56, 361–68, 371, 374, 395–98, 400, 428, 452–57, 460, 474–79, 484, 487–89, 495, 498–99, 502–3
lynch law in, xiii, 1–3, 10–11, 14, 15–16, 21–31, 61, 234, 268–69, 275–76, 279, 296, 298–300, 306–7, 313, 316–18, 329–30, 354–55, 362, 371–75, 394–401, 428, 431–32, 445, 451, 453–58, 459, 474–80, 482–84, 485, 488, 490–96, 499, 502–3
mobs and public opinion in, 1–3, 4, 10–11, 16, 22, 28–31, 199–212, 249–50, 268–69, 273, 280–81, 296, 310–12, 317–18, 320, 327, 353–54, 362, 394–96, 400, 449, 453–57, 474–80, 482, 484–86, 491, 502–3
posses for, 6, 25, 226, 230, 231–32, 241–43, 249–50, 324, 341–48, 355, 359, 360, 395, 452, 472, 498
summary justice in, 21, 27, 61–62, 234, 266, 306, 330, 362–63, 365, 372, 394, 401, 428, 445, 493
Vignes, Jean Louis, 55, 56, 68, 79, 122, 180, 201, 305
vineyards, 34, 36, 47, 55, 56, 58–59, 75, 79, 102, 116, 122, 189, 190, 220, 246, 247, 308, 330, 381, 389–90, 422, 423, 441, 448, 449–50, 461
violence:
culture of, xi–xiii, 16–17, 279–89, 380
domestic, xii, 56–57, 60–61, 214–24, 232–33, 271, 394, 408–9, 415, 417–18, 501–5
frontier, xi–xiii, 16–17, 33–37, 74, 106–8, 112, 216, 220, 279, 281, 283, 290, 297, 305–6, 380, 408, 445, 457–58, 459, 491, 493, 500–501, 513
honor and, xii, 4, 26, 33–34, 53, 59–61, 82, 89, 104, 110, 111, 121, 123, 153, 159, 160–61, 166, 170–72, 175–76, 183, 281, 363, 376, 380, 397, 407, 427
mob, 1–3, 4, 10–11, 16, 22, 28–31, 199–212, 249–50, 268–69, 273, 280–81, 296, 310–12, 317–18, 320, 327, 353–54, 362, 394–96, 400, 449, 453–57, 474–80, 482, 484–86, 491, 502–3
public condemnation of, 483–84, 490–91, 495–96
self-defense and, xii, 10, 61, 194–95, 243, 281, 285, 289, 292, 323–24, 376, 397, 468, 496
vengeance and, 4, 22–23, 25, 26, 28, 33, 50, 301, 436
Waite, James S., 14, 15, 296, 297, 298–99, 301, 305, 306, 311, 318, 319, 493
Walker, William, 378
Wallace, William, 323–24, 347, 355, 356–57, 361, 362, 364–65, 367, 368, 421–22
Ward, John, 317
Warner, Jonathan Trumbull, 91, 136–40, 179, 203, 237, 240, 251–54, 258, 260–61, 290, 381–82, 387–88, 393, 398–99, 422–27, 443, 461–62, 485–86
Warner’s Pass, 112, 441
Warner’s Ranch (Rancho Valle de San José), 135–37, 139, 140, 179, 203, 237–38, 240, 251, 253–54, 423, 424, 427
Warren, William, 467–68
Washington, George, 98, 279–80
Watson, Henry, 168, 174, 176
Watson, James A. “Jack,” 280–82, 290, 421, 428, 483
Watson, María Dolores Domínguez, 281
Welsh, J. C., 369
West Florida, 69
Whalen, Jack, 289–90
Whaley, Thomas, 254, 257
Wheeler, Horace Zebulon, 285
Wheeler, John Ozias, 13, 14, 15, 285 297–98, 299, 301, 302, 303, 306–7, 311, 317–18, 332
Whigs, 377, 378
White, Michael, 354–55, 357
Whittier Narrows, 3
Widney, Robert Maclay, 443–44, 453, 459, 478–79, 486
Widney, William, 479–80, 483, 486–90, 495–96
Wilkins, Charles, 399–401
Williams, Isaac “Don Julián,” 117–18, 227–28, 237, 250, 255, 419–20,
421
Williams, María de Jesús, 227–28
Willow Grove, 316
Wilson, Benjamin Davis, 68, 105–8, 116–22, 140, 150, 176, 178, 205, 208, 210, 213, 220, 227, 237, 245–46, 329, 332, 393, 444
Wilson, Christopher N., 461–62, 487
Wilson, John Albert, xxvii
Wilson, Ramona Yorba, 105–6
wine cellars, 55, 56, 79, 116
Wing Chung general store, 464, 471
Winters, William, 288
Witherby, Oliver S., 214, 216, 218, 234, 236, 244
Wolfskill, William, 444
women:
assaults committed against, xii, 56–57, 60–61, 214–24, 232–33, 271, 394, 408–9, 415, 417–18, 501–5
divorce trials for, xii, 23, 214–24, 230, 332, 351, 403–18
Indian, 3, 9, 36–37, 38, 41–42, 248, 271–73, 332, 337–38, 420, 425
legal status of, 59–61, 322–23
murder of, 248, 394–95, 445–46, 450, 501–5
property of, 322–23, 417, 419–37
rape of, 2, 3, 4, 36–37, 59, 218–20, 292, 374, 412
violence by, 510, 511–13
Woods, James, 297, 303, 304
Workman, William, 4, 6, 72, 73, 81, 82, 105, 150, 159–60
Workman’s Mill, 496, 497, 498, 499
Wozencraft, Oliver M., 259
Wright, Samuel, 445–46
Yang-na ranchería, 40–41, 256
Ybarra, Guadaloupe, 249–50
Yeasa, Placido, 208
Yerba Buena, 92, 93, 110
Yerbabuena, Captain, 194
Yo Hing, 469–70
Yorba, Bernardo, 105–6
Yucaipa Creek, 240
Yuma crossing, 7–8
Yuma Indians, 8, 133, 227, 251, 252, 255
Yu Tak, 470–71
Zabaleta, Doroteo, 265–67, 273
Zalvidea, José María de, 36, 39
Zamorano, María Guadalupe, 188
Zamorano de Flores, María Dolores Francesca, 188
zanja madre (main irrigation ditch), 25, 41, 55, 58, 278, 441, 450, 461
ALSO BY
JOHN MACK FARAGHER
Frontiers: A Short History of the American West,
with Robert V. Hine
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion
of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
The American West: A New Interpretive History,
with Robert V. Hine
Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer
Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie
Women and Men on the Overland Trail
Copyright © 2016 by John Mack Faragher
All rights reserved
First Edition
For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book,