supremacy over federal government, 134
State park system, 80
State taxes, 237
Stevens, Thaddeus, 162
Stiglitz, Joseph, 246
Stimulus programs
government expenditures under Roosevelt, 209–210
industrialization following, 89–90
New Deal, 202–203
spending for veterans, 206–207
Stock market crash of 1929, 195–196
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 99–100
Suffrage
America’s early expansion of, 26–27
Northern men, 29
reconstructed South, 164–165
women’s, 23–24
See also Voting rights and voting patterns
Sumner, Charles, 117, 162
Supply-side economics, 217–225, 230–231, 235, 237, 246, 257, 260
Supreme Court, U.S.
laissez-faire doctrines, 178–179
racial segregation through Plessy v. Ferguson, 169
state control of elections through United States v. Reese, 169
Sweden: economic and political system, 250–252
Swonk, Diane, 248
Taft, William Howard, 186–187
Taft-Hartley Act (1947), 222
Taney, Roger B., 69–70
Tariffs
Henry Clay’s protective tariff, 28–29
efficient government action, 249–250
funding infrastructure, 171
progressive tariff reform, 192
protection of business interests, 177
Tax policy
Clinton’s economic policy challenging Reagan, 229–230
Danish economic system, 252
earned-income tax credit, 216
economic growth and, 235–236
graduated income tax system, 78, 192
ideological differences over corporate wealth, 258
laissez-faire economic doctrine, 174–175
marginal income tax cuts under Bush, 231–232
Nordic economic systems, 250–252
Obama’s focus on middle-class economics, 249
Reagan and the Republicans’ benefits for the wealthy, 234–235
Reagan dismantling New Deal policies, 219
Reagan’s supply-side economics, 220
trickle-down arguments for tax reduction, 237
Wilson’s tariff reform, 192
Taylor, Zachary, 98–99
Telegraph, 87
Tempered radicalism, 182
Thanksgiving Day Proclamation (1863), 86
Third way, Clinton’s, 227–230
Thirteenth Amendment, 128–130
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 11–13
Tremont Temple speech, 104
Trickle-down economic theory, 222, 237, 243
True Sons of Liberty (print), 193(fig.)
Trueblood, Elton, 142
Truman, Harry, 214–215, 222
Trumbull, Lyman, 62
Trusts, 171. See also Antitrust legislation
Truth, Sojourner, 129
Twain, Mark, 172
“Ultimate extinction,” Lincoln’s slavery policy, 52–54, 92–93
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 100
Unemployment
after the 1929 stock market crash, 195–196
Carter’s monetary policy, 216–217
Franklin Roosevelt’s stimulus programs, 199–200, 202–203
reducing or expanding government, 235
union rehabilitation under Roosevelt, 204–205
veterans’ benefits, 206–207
Union
armies’ lack of overall strategy, 147–149
dissolution following Lincoln’s election, 107
Grant’s military command, 149, 151
involuntary draft, 149
Lincoln’s commitment to the permanence of, 64–67, 69
Lincoln’s stance on emancipation and slavery, 124–125
resistance to compensated emancipation, 116–117
scorched-earth policy in the South, 149, 151–154
See also Northern states
Union labor. See Organized labor
United States v. E.C. Knight, 178
United States v. Reese, 169
Upward mobility. See Social mobility
Urban growth, 88
The U.S. Department of Labor History of the American Worker (Montgomery), 174
Utah: popular sovereignty, 34
Veteran spending, 206–207
Villard, Henry, 59
Violence, Lincoln’s call to reject, 94–97, 102–103
Voting rights and voting patterns
Lincoln’s presidential victory, 55
postwar voter repression in the South, 167, 169
reconstructed South, 164
Reconstruction Acts, 164–165
social Darwinism, 176–177
voter interest in politics, 35
See also Suffrage
Wade-Davis Bill (1864), 163
Wagner, Robert F., 204
Waite, Morrison, 169
Waiting for the Hour (painting), 129
War tax, 192
Warner, Charles Dudley, 172
Washburne, Elihu, 62
Washington, George, 156, 255
Watch Night (painting), 129
Wealth gap, 171
Weed, Thurlow, 62
Welles, Gideon, 84, 117, 125
Westward expansion. See Extension of slavery
Whig Party
founding of the Republican Party, 30
ideology of, 16
Jackson’s economic policy, 27–28
political consequences of abolitionism, 98–99
popular sovereignty, 33–35
start of Lincoln’s political career, 24
White, Horace, 173–174
White supremacists, 167–168
Wilmot Proviso, 33
Wilson, Woodrow
domestic economic policy, 191–192
inspiration from Lincoln, 187
maintaining a claim to a Lincolnian connection, 191
progressive agenda, 190–191
segregation policies, 188–189
World War I, 193–194
Women
economic participation, 228
entering the labor force under the New Deal, 203
suffrage, 23–24
Wooldridge, Adrian, 250–251
Work day/work week legislation, 173, 179
Working class
stock market crash of 1929, 195–196
Theodore Roosevelt championing, 181–183
Working conditions, 173–174
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 199
World War I, 193(fig.)
African American veterans, 194(fig.)
as Wilson’s undoing, 193–194
Lincoln’s image, 191
World War II, 203–204
Yankelovich, Daniel, 217
Yellowstone National Park, 80
About the Authors
Harold Holzer is one of the country’s foremost authorities on Lincoln. His most recent book, Lincoln and the Power of the Press, was awarded the 2015 Lincoln Prize. Holzer lives in Rye, New York.
Norton Garfinkle is an economist, chair of The Future of American Democracy Foundation, and author of The American Dream vs. The Gospel of Wealth. He lives in New York City.
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