Dunton, John (1659–1733), bookseller and Whig propagandist: 873
Dupin, Louis Ellies (1657–1719), French theologian: 936
Duppa, Dr Brian (1588–1662), bishop of Winchester (1660); occupied a median position between Laudians and anti-Laudians; dean of Christ Church (1628); vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford (1632-3); bishop of Chichester (1638); bishop of Salisbury (1641); author of Holy Rules and Helps to Devotion (1673), a work that gained Increasing popularity in the eighteenth century; editor of Jonsonus virbius (1638), a collection of poems on the death of Ben Jonson: 991 n. a
Dury, Major-General Alexander (d. 1758): 181 and n.a
Dyer, Samuel (1725–72), translator; original member of the Ivy Lane Club (1749); first elected member of the Literary Club (1764); intimate friend of Edmund Burke; fellow (1760), and later on the council, of the Royal Society (1766): 252, 269, 768
Eccles, Mr: 224
Eccles, RevdJohn (d. 1777): 192
Edwards, Oliver (1711–91), lawyer and college friend of S.J.: 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 813
Edwards, Revd Jonathan (1703–58), president of the College of New Jersey, Calvinist theologian and philosopher; tutor at Yale College (1724-6); author of A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737), Freedom of the Will (1754) and Some Thoughts concerning the Present Revival of Religion in New England (1742); prominent role in New England’s pietistic revival, the ‘great awakening’ (1740–42); the outstanding American theologian of the eighteenth century: 722
Edwin, John (1749–90), comedian: 976 n. a
Elibank, Patrick Murray, 5th Baron (1703–78), literary patron; Tory; member of the Select Society; intimately associated with the Edinburgh literati; described by J.B. as ‘a man of great genius, great knowledge, and much whim’ (London Journal); admired by S.J. for his wisdom; proprietor of the East India Company: 334, 338, 360, 362, 408, 531, 547, 768, 827
Eliot, Edward Eliot, 1st Baron (1727–1804), politician; one of the leading borough proprietors of the age; connected to Frederick, Prince of Wales; receiver-general of the Duchy of Cornwall; supported Newcastle until his ambitions were disappointed; strained but close relationship with Gibbon; member of the Literary Club; early patron of Sir Joshua Reynolds; friend of Pitt; hovered on the fringe of the Rockingham administration: 252, 545, 866 n. a, 943, 946, 947
Elliock, James Veitch, Lord (1712–93), judge; popular member of Edinburgh legal and literary circles; sheriff-deputy of the county of Peebles (1747); connections with the 3rd Duke of Queensberry; deputy-governor of the Royal Bank of Scotland (1776): 638
Elliot, Sir Gilbert (1722–77), politician and literary patron; Roxburghshire’s first sheriff-depute (1748); MP for Selkirkshire (1753–65); lord of the Admiralty (1756-7); supporter of Pitt; founder member of Edinburgh’s Poker Club (1762); treasurer of the Chamber (1762–70); supporter of Bute; treasurer of the navy (1770); oratory skills admired by J.B.; friend of Hume; amateur poet: 345
Ellis, John (1698–1790), scrivener and miscellaneous writer: 529
Ellis, Revd William (fl. 1770), headmaster of Bishop’s Stortford School: 320
Ellis, Welbore, 1st Baron Mendip (1713–1802), politician; supporter of Fox then Pelham; joint Irish vice-treasurer (1755–62, 1770–75); Privy Councillor (1760); Secretary at War (1762-5); treasurer of the navy (1777); secretary of state for America (1782); supporter of North; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1745); trustee of the British Museum (1780): 584 n. d
Elphinston, James (1721–1809), educationalist and advocate of spelling reform; correspondent of S.J.; author of Principles of the English Language Digested (1766) and Inglish Orthography Epittomized (1790); considerable influence on twentieth-century philologists including Jespersen, Muller, Wyld and Rohlfing; published everything post-1787 in his reformed orthography: 117, 118, 125, 279, 380, 425, 663, 859 n. a
Elwall, Edward (1676–1744), Seventh-Day Baptist and religious controversialist; author of The True Testimony (1724) and A Declaration Against George, King of Great Britain (1732); colourful and eccentric figure; S.J. accused of misquoting: 348, 395
Erasmus, Desiderius (1466?-1536), Dutch humanist, linguist, theologian and scholar; author of The Praise of Folly (1511): 564 n. a, 958
Erskine, Hon. Andrew (1740–93), poet; lieutenant in the 71st regiment of foot (1759); contributed to A Collection of Original Poems by… Scots Gentlemen (1760); correspondent of J.B. (1760–63), published as Letters between the Honourable Andrew Erskine and James Boswell, Esq. (1763); favoured burlesque and parody in manner of Swift and Gay; committed suicide after bouts of illness and depression: 217, 604
Erskine, Hon. Thomas, afterwards Lord Erskine (1750–1823), Lord Chancellor; brother of Hon. Henry and the Earl of Buchan; convivial member of literary circles including S.J. and J.B.; defended Lord Gordon (1781); intimate of Fox and R. B. Sheridan; enthusiast for the French Revolution; Order of the Thistle (1815); unorthodox but theatrical and successful advocate: 352, 353,354
Erskine, Sir Henry (1710–65), army officer and politician; captain in the 1st Royal Scots (1743); MP for the Ayr burghs (1749–54); friend and confidante of Bute; surveyor of the King’s private roads (1757–60); promoted Major-General (1759); secretary of the Order of the Thistle (1765); promoted Lieutenant General (1765): 205
Euripides (c. 480–406 bc); Attic tragedian: 44, 45, 59, 355, 764, 936
Eutropius (fl. AD 364–78), historian and epitomizer: 58, 386
Evans, John (fl. 1716): 25 n. b
Fairfax, Edward (d. 1635), poet: 782 n. a, 976 n. a
Falconer, Revd William, a Nonjuring bishop: 724
Falkland, Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount (i6io?~43); polician and author; moderate royalist and constitutionalist; killed at the battle of Newbury (20 September 1643) after recklessly exposing himself to enemy fire: 475, 1005
Falmouth, George Evelyn Boscawen, 3rd Viscount (1758–1808): 702
Farmer, Dr Richard (1735–97), master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; literary scholar; author of An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare (ij6j); member of the Club, and provider of assistance to S.J. in his own literary and scholarly projects: 197, 319, 538, 754, 772, 843
Farquhar, George (1678–1707), playwright; established fame with The Constant Couple (1699), running for fifty-three nights in London; attacked Aristotle’s unities in a Discourse upon Comedy; secured place in posterity with later works The Recruiting Officer (1706) and The Beaux’ Stratagem (1707); admired by S.J.: 767
Faulkner, George (1699?–1775), printer and bookseller; published Swift’s Works (1735), the Irish edition of Pope’s Works (1736) and a Dublin edition of Richardson’s Clarissa (1748); friend of the 4th Earl of Chesterfield; had the largestpub-lishing output of the century in Dublin: 173, 342
Fawkener, Sir Everard (1684–1758), merchant and diplomatist; formed a memorable friendship with Voltaire – dedicatee of Zaire (1733); ambassador to the Sublime Porte in Constantinople (1735–42); secretary to the Duke of Cumberland (1745–58); joint Paymaster-General: 103 n. a
Fawkes, Revd Francis (1720–77), poet and translator; chaplain at Bramham, Yorkshire; translated Anacreon (1760); achieved a high reputation as a translator in his lifetime; friend of and sometime collaborator with S.J.: 15, 203
Fenton, Elijah (1683–173 o), poet; edited and contributed to The Oxford and Cambridge Miscellany Poems (1709); author of Poems on Several Occasions (1717) and a tragedy, Marianne (1723); helped Pope with edition of Shakespeare; translated Books I, IV, XIX and XX for Pope’s Odyssey; praised by S.J.: 434 n. a
Ferguson, Dr Adam (1723–1816), professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh; philosopher and historian; author of An Essay on the History of Civil Society (1767) and the History of the Progress and Termination of the Roman Republic (1783); one of the leading figures in the Scottish Enlightenment: 310
Fergusson, James (1735–1820), of Pitfour, Advocate andMP: 638
Fergusson, Sir Adam, of Kilkerran (1733–1813): 350
Fermor, Mrs (fl. 177
5): 471
Fielding, Henry (1707– 54), author and magistrate; as playwright, noted for ‘irregular’ modes of farce, satire and ballad opera; contributed to oppositional journal The Champion; dramatic career ended by the 1737 Licensing Act; earned fame through Shamela (1741), a parody of the Richardsonian epistolary novel; made own mark with Joseph Andrews (1742) and his masterpiece, Tom Jones (1749); high steward of the New Forest (1746-8); publicist for the Pelham ministry; chairman of the sessions (1749); enjoyed the patronage of the Duke of Bedford; formed the ‘Bow Street Runners’, the first modern Metropolitan Police: 97 n. b, 288, 352, 353, 541, 640, 755, 906, 1000 n. c
Fielding, Sir John (d. 1780), magistrate; half-brother to Henry; opened the Universal Register Office with Henry and others (1750); Justice of the Peace for Westminster (1751) then Middlesex (1754); governor of the Magdalen Hospital; life governor of the Female Orphans Asylum: 224
Filby, William, Goldsmith’s tailor: 304
Firebrace, Lady (d. 1782): 79 and n. a
Fitzherbert, Alleyne, Baron St Helens (1753–1839), diplomatist; both parents good friends of S.J.; minister resident in Brussels (1777–83); minister-plenipotentiary to negotiate peace agreement at the end of the American War of Independence (1782); diplomat at the court of Catherine the Great at St Petersburg (1783-7); chief secretary for Ireland (1787-9); ambassador to The Hague (1789–90); negotiator in Madrid (1790–94); ambassador to St Petersburg (1801 –3); lord of the bedchamber (1803–20, 1820–30): 49, 603, 653, 731
Fitzherbert, Mrs (d. 1753): 780
Fitzherbert, William (i7i2-72), MP: 194, 780
Fitzroy, Lord Charles (d. 1739): 514
Flatman, Thomas (1637–88), poet and painter of miniatures: 534
Fleetwood, Charles (d. 1747/8), theatre manager; purchased John Highmore’s share of the Drury Lane Theatre patent (1734); refereed boxing matches at Tottenham Court (1739); brought Garrick to Drury Lane on £500 per annum; sold patent to Richard Green and Morton Amber (1744) after a series of confrontations with minor acting troupes; reputation for improvidence: 66
Fleming, Sir Michaelle (1748–1806), MP: 243 n. a
Flexman, Dr Roger (1708–95), Presbyterian minister and indexer; minister of the congregation at Jamaica Row, Rotherhithe, London (1747); Friday lecturer at Little St Helen’s, Bishopsgate (1754); made DD by Marischal College, Aberdeen (1770); sometime poet; renowned for remarkable memory and accuracy; compiler of a general index to the journals of the House of Commons (1776–80, appointed 1770): 943
Flint, Bet, prostitute: 820
Flood, Henry (1732–91), politician; idealized Pitt the elder; sworn of the Irish Privy Council (1775); vice-treasurer of Ireland (1775–81); from 1781 onwards, an independent radical; committed patriot and reformer; subject to vicious attempted political assassination by Grattan (1783); MP for Winchester (1783); adept political propagandist; talented orator and superb debater; sometime poet: 173 n. a, 333, 1002, 1002 n. b, 1003
Floyd, or Flloyd, Thomas (fl. 1760–62), miscellaneous author: 240
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757), French poet and man of letters: 11, 86, 657
Foote, Samuel (1720–77), actor and playwright; early acting career in London and Dublin faltered; rented the Haymarket theatre and established the ‘satirical revue’ (1746-7), achieving tremendous success with The Diversions of the Morning, or, A Dish of Chocolate; author of The Minor (1760), a satire on Methodists; feuded with Fielding; leg amputated after riding accident (1766); considered an inveterate liar by S.J.: 190, 308 and n. a, 309, 315, 342, 343, 360 n. a, 374, 423,462, 476,478, 497, 555, 556, 571, 622, 623, 666, 863, 886, 916, 947
Forbes, Sir William, of Pitsligo (1739–1806), banker and benefactor; leading member of the Merchants’ Company of Edinburgh; author of the autobiography Memoirs of a Banking-House (published i860); actively involved in almost all charitable establishments in Edinburgh; close friend of James Beattie and J.B.; member of the Literary Club; friend of Joshua Reynolds; witness in Lord Melville’s impeachment (1806): 539, 540, 563, 564, 635, 644
Ford, Cornelius (1632–1709): 31
Fordyce, Dr George (1736–1802), physician; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1765); physician to St Thomas’s Hospital; friend of Joshua Reynolds, Garrick, Gibbon and R. B. Sheridan; member of the Literary Club (from 1774); admitted to the Royal College of Physicians (speciali grati) (1787); Goulstonian lecturer (1789); Harveian orator (1791); author of Elements of the Practice of Physic (1770) and A Treatise on Digestion and Food (1791); famed for a remarkable memory: 252, 408, 433, 943
Fordyce, Dr James (1720–96), Church of Scotland minister and moralist; one of the most celebrated and fashionable preachers of the 1760s in London; author of Sermons to Young Women (1765) and Addresses to Young Men (1777); sole pastor atMonkwell Street (1760–82); social connection with J.B. andS.J.: 210, 995
Forrester, Colonel James (fl. 1734), author of The Polite Philosopher: 530
Forster, George (1754–94), naturalist: 620
Foster, Mrs Elizabeth (c. 1690–1754), Milton’s grand-daughter: 127
Fothergill, Dr Thomas (c. 1716–96), provost of Queen’s College, Oxford; vice-chancellor: 439, 441 and n. a
Foulis, Andrew (1712–75), and Robert (1707–76), Glasgow printers and booksellers: 464
Fox, Charles James (1749–1806), politician; leader of the Whigs, then Foxite faction; member of the Club and the Dilettanti; mentored by Burke until their irrevocable rupture (1791); MP for Westminster with only brief interruption (1780–1806); sometime correspondent of Thomas Jefferson; Foreign Secretary (1782-3); headed the Fox-North coalition (1783); antagonistic to George III; self-confessed Francophile (pro-Revolution); Foreign Secretary in the ‘ministry of all the talents’ (1806); suffered from, and characterized by, long exclusion from office; little or no connection with organized religion: 252, 408, 433, 660, 664, 667, 857, 910,917, 918,926
Francklin, Dr Thomas (1721–84), Church of England clergyman and writer; professor of Greek at Cambridge University (1750); king’s chaplain (1767); contributor to Smollett’s Critical Review; chaplain to the Royal Academy (1768); acquaintance of S.J. and Joshua Reynolds; translated Sophocles (1759) and The Works of Lucian (2 vols., 1780); playwright– The Earl of Warwick (1766) and Matilda (1775): 189
Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90), natural philosopher, writer and revolutionary politician in America; only person to sign all three fundamental documents of American statehood – the Declaration of Independence (1776), the peace treaty with Britain (1783) and the constitutionofthe United States (1787); proved there was only one Kind of electricity with his Law of conservation (1747); most famous natural philosopher sinceIsaac Newton after hisExperiments and Observations on Electricity (pub.1751); Justice of the Peace then president of the Supreme Executive Council for Philadelphia; most noted pro-American statesman and intermediary in Anglo-American politics; commissioner to negotiate the peace following General Cornwallis’s surrender to George Washington (1781): 431, 656, 781, 1000 n. c
Fraser, Lieutenant General Simon (1726–82), master of Lovat: 520
Fraser, Mr, the engineer: 699
Frederick, the Great, king of Prussia (1712–86): 13, 166, 230, 291n. a
Friend, SirJohn (d.1696), Brewer and Jacobite conspirator;Member of the Brewers’ Company (1662); excise commissioner (1683–9); deputy lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets (until 1689); knighted by James II (1685); proposed to kidnap William and Mary to France (1693); sentenced for high treason and hanged for supposed part in assassination plot (1696): 357
Fullarton, Colonel William (1754–1808), commissioner of Trinidad: 716
Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642), scientist and natural philosopher: 109
Galway, Jane, Lady (d. 1788), 2nd wifeof Philip Monckton, 1st Viscount: 823
Gama, Vasco da (d. 1524), Portuguese navigator: 900
Ganganelli, Giovanni Vincenzo (1705–74), Pope Clement XIV: 678
Gardiner, Mrs Ann Hedges (c.1716–89), wife of
a tallow-chandler: 530, 898, 989 n. a
Gardner, Thomas (fl. 1735–56), London bookseller and printer: 446 and n. b
Garrick, Captain Peter (1685–1735), David Garrick’s father: 48
Garrick, David (1717–79), actor and playwright; S.J. a friend and mentor from boyhood; joint patentee of the Drury Lane Theatre (from 1747); collaborated with George Colman on The Clandestine Marriage (1766); unusually diverse circle of friends included Burke and Reynolds; member of the Club (1773); more than any other actor, changed the acting style of the nation; presided over the creation of Shakespeare as the national poet: 10 n. a, 16, 48, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 66, 86, 88, 96, 97, 103, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 n. a, 121, 126, 127, 133, 135, 137, 145, 163, 208, 211, 213, 251, 252, 253, 283, 297, 302, 303, 304, 305, 307, 309, 317, 329, 360, 380, 381, 383, 384,385, 387, 397, 423, 436, 437, 439, 463, 481, 499, 512, 513, 531, 536, 537, 545, 555, 556, 604, 622, 623, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 682, 691, 692, 696, 724, 731, 733, 746, 749, 758 n. b, 765, 767 and n. b, 771, 776, 777, 795 n. a, 816, 818, 878, 886, 896, 897, 970 n. c
Garrick, Eva Maria (c. 1725–1822), dancer and wife of David Garrick; Earl and Countess of Burlington her patrons; constant supporter, companion and adviser to her husband in theatrical affairs; died childless: 816, 915
Garrick, Peter (1710–95), elder brother of David: 59, 66, 429, 511, 514, 745
Garth, Sir Samuel (1661–1719), physician and poet; fellow ofthe Royal College of Physicians (1693); Whig; Harveian orator (1697); member of the Kit-Cat Club; translated Ovid’s Metamorphoses (1717); author of The Dispensary, a Poem (1699); encouraged Pope topublish The Rape of the Lock; knighted 1715: 908
Gastrell, Mrs (1710–91), wife of the below: 746
Gastrell, Revd Francis (c. 1707–72), vicar of Frodsham, Cheshire: 49 n. b
Gaubius, Hieronymus David (1705–80), physician and professor: 42
Gay, John (1685–1732), poet and playwright; member of the Scriblerius Club; close friend of and collaborator with Pope; secretary and domestic steward to the Duchess of Monmouth (1712); author of poems Rural Sports (1713) and The Shepherd’s Week (1714), but fame rests on the play The Beggar’s Opera (1728); reputation guarded posthumously by Pope and Swift: 458, 782 n. a
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