Lovibond, Edward (1724–75), poet; contributor to Edward More’s The World; poem ‘The Mulberry Tree’, on the contrasting characters of S.J. and Garrick, noted with approval by J.B.; poems republished in Anderson’s British Poets (1794): 60
Lowe, Ann Elizabeth (c.1777–1860), elder daughter of the following and S.J.’s god-daughter: 989 n. a
Lowe, Mauritius (1746–93), painter; natural son of Lord Southwell; exhibited at the Society of Artists (1776 and 1779); enjoyed friendship and protection of S.J., who left him a small legacy; reputed to be the author of the art periodical the Ear-Wig (1787): 874–5, 879, 989 n. a
Lowe, Revd Theophilus (c. 1708–69); rector of Merton and of Stiffkey; canon of Windsor: 29, 31
Lowe Jr, Mauritius? (fl. 1813), son of Mauritius Lowe and S.J.’s godson: 989 n. a
Lowth, Dr Robert (1710–87), biblical critic and bishop of London (1777); professor of poetry at Oxford (1741–51); rector of Ovington, Hampshire (1744); royal chaplain (1757); fellow of the Royal Society of London (1765); bishop of St David’s (1766); bishop of Oxford (1766); dean of the Chapel Royal and Privy Councillor (1777); declined the Archbishopric of Canterbury (1783); author of A Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762): 283, 936
Lowth, Dr William (1660–1732), theologian; author of Directions for the Profitable Reading of the Holy Scriptures (1708) and A Vindication of the Divine Authority and Inspiration of the Writings of the OldandNew Testament (1692); dedicated advocate of the Established Church: 547
Loyola, St Ignatius (1491?–! 556), founder of the Jesuit Order: 47
Lucan, Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of (1739–99), member of the Literary Club; husband of Margaret Bingham, Lady Lucas (c.1740–1814), the miniature painter; created Baron Lucan (1776); created ist Earl of Lucan (1795): 252, 754, 811, 943
Lucan, Margaret, Countess of (d. 1814), amateur painter: 753, 943
Lucas, Dr Charles (1713–71), politician and physician; author of The Political Constitutions of Great Britain and Ireland (1751) and An Essay on Waters (1756), the result of his research on European spas; MP for Dublin on return from exile (1761); closely associated with the radical paper The Freeman’s Journal; described by Townshend as ‘the Wilkes of Ireland’: 13, 166, 167
Lucian (c. AD 115– c.200), rhetorician and writer of dialogues, whose Dialogues of the Dead and True History exerted a powerful influence on eighteenth-century English writers such as Swift and Lyttelton: 59, 524, 653 n. a, 781
Lucius Florus, Roman historian: 386
Lucretius Carus, Titus (c.jj– c. 55 B c), philosophical poet and author of De Rerum Natura: 154, 702, 983, 1026 n. 123, 1071 n. 1259
Luke, see Zeck, George and Luke
Lumisden, Andrew (1720–1801), Jacobite politician and antiquary; under-secretary and first clerk of the Treasury to Prince Charles Edward, the Young Pretender during 1745–6; Secretary of State to the Jacobite court (1764–8); correspondent of J.B., Adam Smith and Hume; author of Remarkson the Antiquities of Rome and its Environs (1797): 478 n.a
Lumm, Sir Francis (c.1732–97): 282 n. a
Luttrell, ColonelHenry Lawes (1743–1821), 2nd Earl of Carhampton; soldier and politician: 318
Lydiat, Thomas (1572–1646), chronologist; chronographer and cosmographer to Henry, Prince of Wales; rector of Alkerton (1612); author of Solis et lunae periodus seu annus magnus (1620); rejected the Gregorian calendar; recalled by S.J. inThe Vanity of Human Wishes (1749): 109 n. b, 264
Lye, Edward (1694–1767), Anglo-Saxon and Gothic scholar; rector of Yardley Hastings (1737); published Etymologicum Anglicanum (1743); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1750); posthumously published Dictionarium Saxonico et Gothico–Latinum (1772) formed the basis of several expanded nineteenth-century works: 269
Lysons, Samuel (1763–1819), antiquary: 991
Lyttelton, George Lyttelton, 1st Baron (1709–73), politician and writer; with Pitt the elder, oneofCobham’s Cubs; extensive correspondence with Pope;contribu-torto the journal Common Sense;alord ofthe Treasury (1744); improver of the gardens at Hagley Hall; dedicatee of Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749) and possible source for Squire Allworthy; author of Dialogues of the Dead (1760) and the History of the Life of Henry the Second (1767); S.J. penned his life in 1774: 140, 283, 326, 377, 385, 503, 535, 655, 718, 795, 799
Lyttelton, Thomas Lyttelton, 2nd Baron (1744–79), son of the preceding; libertine and politician; MP for Bewdley (1768); eloquence admired by Horace Walpole; supported the government from the Lords, Playing a subsidiary role afterarakish youth: 928
Lyttelton, William Henry, see Westcote, William Henry Lyttelton, 1st Baron
Macartney, George Macartney, 1st Earl (1737–1806), diplomatist and colonial governor; envoy-extraordinary to Russia (1764); knighted (1764); Chief Secretary in Ireland (1769); Irish Privy Councillor (1769); governor of Grenada, Tobago and the Grenadines (1775); governorof Madras (1781–5); Privy Councillor (1792); Ambassador to Peking (1792); Governor of the Cape (1796):8, 202, 221 n. a, 252, 530 n. a, 653 n. a, 655 n. a, 754, 769 n.a, 796 n. a
Macaulay, Dr George (c. 1716–66), Scottish physician; husband of Catherine Macaulay, the historian; physician and treasurer of the British Lying-in Hospital at Brownlow Street, London (1752): 740
Macaulay, Mrs Catherine (1731–91), historian; author of the History of England (8 vols., 1763–83); part of the Wilkes circle; correspondent of Mary Wollstone-craft; acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush; not strictly a feminist, behaving instead as if equality between the sexes already existed: 133, 236 n. a, 376, 560, 623
Macaulay, Mrs Kenneth (d. 1799), wife of the below: 463 n. b
Macaulay, Revd Kenneth (1723–79), Church of Scotland minister and local historian; author of The History of St Kilda (1764), shown by J.B. to S.J. in 1773; clashed with S.J. on the topic of English clergy: 289, 340–41
Macbean, Alexander (d. 1784), writer and amanuensis; employed as an amanuensis by encyclopaedist Ephraim Chambers; one of the six amanuenses employed by S.J. on his Dictionary; author of a Dictionary of Ancient Geography (1773): 81, 106, 107, 532, 576–7, 762, 763, 815
Macbean, William (fl. 1785), younger brother of the above and the last to survive of S.J.’s dictionary assistants: 106
Macclesfield, Anne, nee Mason, Countess of (c. 1673–1753), wife of the following: 97, 98 and n. c, 99 and n. b, 100 n. a
Macclesfield, Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of (c.i 659–1701), army officer, diplomat and divorce; staunch Whig; Lord Lieutenant of North Wales (1696); involved in the most scandalous and salacious divorce proceedings of the century: 98 n. c
Macclesfield, Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of (1667–1732), Lord Chancellor (1718); Whig; serjeant-at-law then Queen’s serjeant (1705); MP for Derby (1705); Lord Chief Justice (171 o); Privy Councillor (171 o); fellow of the Royal Society (1712); close ties with George I; impeached for embezzlement (1725); struck off the roll of Privy Councillors (1725): 91
Macconochie, Allan, Lord Meadowbank (1748–1816), Scottish lawyer: 638
McDonald, Alexander (d. c. 1770), Highland schoolmaster and bard; author of a work on Gaelic and English vocabulary, sent to S.J. via J.B.: 411
Macdonald, Flora (1722–90), Jacobite heroine: 724
Macdonald, Lady (1748–89), wife of Sir Alexander Macdonald: 730
Macdonald, Ranald (fl. 1776), of Egg: 428
Macdonald, Sir Alexander (c.1745–95), 9th Baronet of Sleat, ist Baron Macdonald: 344, 352
Macdonald, Sir James (1742–66), 8th Baronet of Sleat: 237, 809 n. c
Mackenzie, Henry (1745–1831), writer; author of the sentimental novel The Man of Feeling (1771) and its contrasting follow-up, The Man of the World (1773); generally known as the arch-sentimentalist of Scottish literature; comptroller of taxes for Scotland (1779); edited the periodicals The Mirror and The Lounger; founder member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; one of the directors of the Highland Society of Scotland: 192–3, 983, 1071 n. 1258
Macklin, Charles (1697?–!797), actor and playwright; prospered
at Drury Lane during the actors’ revolt (1733-4); much-lauded interpretation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice (1741); quarrel with Garrick; author of Love a-la-Mode (1758); helped to establish the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin; Macbeth at Covent Garden responsible for starting the trend of playing Shakespeare by place and period, rather than in contemporary garb (1773); key innovator of eighteenth-century theatre: 205, 520
Maclaine, Dr Archibald (1722–1804), miscellaneous author; ‘a learned divine’: 189, 1028 n. 158
Maclaurin, John, LordDreghorn (1734–96), judge and writer; eldest son of Colin Maclaurin, below; author of The Philosopher’s Opera (1757); one of the earliest fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; senator of the College of Justice as Lord Dreghorn through the interest of Henry Dundas: 247, 456, 526 and n. a, 565, 566, 573, 590, 638 andn. b
Maclaurin, Prof. Colin (1698–1746), mathematician and natural philosopher; deputy to James Gregory at Edinburgh University (1726); one of two co-secretaries on foundation of the Edinburgh Philosophical Society (1737); author of the Treatise of Fluxions (1742); took a leadingrole in the defence of Edinburgh against the highland army of Prince Charles Edward Stuart in the Jacobite rebellion of 1745: 526
Maclean, Alexander (c.1754–1835), 14th Laird of Coll: 428, 480, 482
Maclean, Hugh (d. 1786), 13th Laird of Coll, father of‘Young Coll’: 59
Maclean, Mr (fl. 1775), of Torloisk: 428
Maclean, Sir Allan (c.1710–83), 6th Baronet of Duart, Chief of the Clan Maclean: 424, 464 andn. a, 570, 573, 586, 589–90
Macleod, Flora (d. 1780), of Raasay: 585, 586
Macleod, John (d. 1786), 9th Laird of Raasay: 424, 425, 464, 465, 482, 852
MacMaster, William (fl. 1772), a probationer for whom J.B. acted as counsel: 351
MacNeny, see Neny, Count Patrice
Maconochie, Allan, Lord Meadowbank (1748–1816), Scottish lawyer: 638
Macpherson, James (1736–96), writer; friend of John Home and Adam Ferguson; author of Fragments of Ancient Poetry Collected in the Highlands of Scotland (1760), and the Ossianic poems Fingal (1762) and Temora (1763); works greeted sceptically by S.J. and Hume; nevertheless they exerted a considerable influence on European Romanticism: 166, 210, 418, 420, 421, 422, 424, 428, 429, 678
Macquarrie, or Macquarry, Lauchlan (c.1715–1818), of Ulva:427, 570, 573, 590, 594
Macquarry of Ormaig: 594
Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius (fl. 395–423); grammarian and Neoplatonic philosopher: 39, 532
MacSwinny, Owen, see Swinny, Owen Mac
Madden (or Madan), Dr Samuel (1686–1765); writer and benefactor; high sheriff of Fermanagh (1710); Justice of the Peace of Co. Fermanagh and Co. Monaghan (1710); author of Memoirs of the Twentieth Century (1733), suppressed on its first day of publication; close friend of Swift; principally remembered as a philanthropist, funding the Madden prizes at Trinity College, Dublin and further awards for agriculture, arts and manufacture: 171, 434, 876
Maffeus, J.P. (1535–1603), Jesuit author: 476
Maitland, Mr (fl. 1755), one of S.J.’s amanuenses: 106
Maittaire, Michael (1668–1747), scholar: 764
Malagrida, Gabriel (1689–1761), Portuguese Jesuit: 861
Mallet, David (1705?-65); poet; close friend of Pope; author of the Life of Francis Bacon (1740); under-secretary to the Prince of Wales (1742-8); Bolingbroke’s literary executor; friend and adviser to the young Gibbon; hired by the government to defame Admiral Byng; correspondent of Hume; now best known through the hostile account of his freethinking in J.S.’s Life: 145, 177, 217n.a, 327, 345, 384, 628, 731, 740, 883
Malone, Edmond (1741–1812); literary scholar and biographer; member of the Literary Club (1782) and intimate of the Johnsonian circle; editor of The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare (10 vols., 1790), in which he was encouraged and aided by S.J.; made great strides in Shakespearean scholarship; struck up one of the great literary collaborations in English literature with J.B. from 1785; helped J.B. to revise his Life of Johnson, and prepared the third edition for the press: 5, 9, 124, 125, 142 n. b, 172 n. a, 192 n. a, 214 n. a, 218, 252, 516 n. a, 544 n.a, 546n. a, 688, 698n.a,735 n. a, 738n.a,786n. a, 790, 791, 837, 843, 892n. a, 944, 953, 985 n. c, 999, 1002 n. b
Malton, innkeeper, see Melton, Philip
Mandeville, Bernard (1670–1733), physician and political philosopher; author of The Fable of the Bees (1714); influence on Hume, Rousseau and Kant; views so widely known that scarcely any intellectual at the time did not at least mention or engage with them: 681–2
Manley, Mrs Mary de la Riviere (1663–1724), playwright and author: 873
Manley, Sir Robert (i626?-88), father of the above: 873
Manning, Mr (c.1714-c.1790), acompositor: 941
Manningham, Dr Thomas (d. 1794), physician: 609
Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl of (1705–93), judge and politician; close friend of Pope; Solicitor-General (1742); Attorney General (1754); Chief Justice of the Court of the King’s Bench (1756–86); close association with the Duke of Newcastle; Privy Councillor (1756); twice acted as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1757, 1767); had to deal with both Wilkes and the ‘Junius’ letters: 103 n. a, 344, 359, 363, 381, 382 and n. a, 433, 442, 566, 598, 666, 668, 755, 790, 863
Mantuanus, Baptista (1448–1526), Italian Latin poet: 865
Manucci, Count, a Florentine nobleman: 470, 472, 567, 568
Marana, Giovanni Paolo (1642–93), Italian author of The Turkish Spy: 873 n. b
Marchi, Giuseppe Filippo Liberati (Joseph) (1735?–1808), painter and engraver; invited to reside in England, from Italy, by Sir Joshua Reynolds; one of Reynolds’s most trusted copyists and assistants; exhibited paintings and mezzotints with the Society of Artists (1766–75): 1000 n. c
Marchmont, Hugh Hume Campbell, 3rd Earl of (1708–94), politician: 709–11, 734, 749, 790 and n. b, 791
Marcus Aurelius, emperor of Rome (ad 161–80), whose Meditations, a collection of private devotional memoranda, were an influential expression of the Stoic philosophy: 615
Marie Antoinette (1755–93), queen of France: 466–7, 472,473
Markham, Dr William (1719–1807), Archbishop of York (1777); head of Westminster School (1753–64); chaplain to George III (1756); vicar of Boxley, Kent (1765–71); bishop of Chester (1771); Lord High Almoner and Privy Councillor (1777): 722
Markland, Jeremiah (1693–1776), classical scholar; author of Epistola critica (1723) and the controversial Remarks on the Epistles of Cicero to Brutus, and on Brutus to Cicero (1745), suggesting the attribution to Cicero of the four orations was spurious; produced an excellent grammatical tract (1761): 854
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of (1650–1722), army officer and politician; gentleman of the bedchamber (1674); Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Dragoons (1683); gentleman of the King’s bedchamber (1685); promoted Lieutenant General (1688); defected to William during the Glorious Revolution; Commander-in-Chief of the army in England (1690); restored to William III’s favour as Privy Councillor (1698); knight of the Garter (1702); Captain General of British forces under Queen Anne; Allied Commander-in-Chief during the War of the Spanish Succession, in which he gained a string of brilliant victories; dismissed from all offices (1711); restored as Captain General of the land forces under George I (1714); widely resented for his alleged avarice and ambition; one of the greatest generals in British history: 8, 11, 357, 504, 547, 628, 731
Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of (1660–1744), politician and courtier; groom of the stole and Anne’s closest adviser (1685); reconciled Anne to William III (1695); mistress of the robes, groom of the stole, keeper of the privy purse, and ranger of Windsor Park (1702); stripped of all offices at court after arguments with Anne (1711); crucial in propping up Marlborough’s massive influence: 88, 808
Marshall, William (1745–1818), agriculturalist: 1055 n. 825
Marsili, or Marsigli, Dr (fl. 1757–79), Italian physician: 173, 198
Martène, Dom (1645–1739), and Durand, D
om (1682–1773), Benedictines of St Maur: 475
Martial, Marcus Valerius Martialis (c.ad 40–104), Roman epigrammatist: 663, 859 n.a
Martin, Gilbert (d. 1786), see Index of Subjects: Apollo Press
Martin, Martin (d. 1718), traveller and author of Description of the Western Islands of Scotland (1703) and The Late Voyage to St. Kilda (1698); collector of curiosities, natural historian and ethnographer: 237, 655
Martinelli, Vincenzo (1702–85), miscellaneous author: 377–9
Mary Magdalen: 766
Mary, queen of Scots (1542–87): 14, 189, 242, 405, 412, 419 n. c, 425
Masenius, Jacobus (1606–81), German Jesuit: 127
Mason, Mrs, afterwards Lady Macclesfield and Mrs Brett, see Macclesfield, Anne, Countess of
Mason, Revd William (1724–97), poet and garden designer; innovative format of his The Poems of Mr Gray, to which are Prefixed Memoirs of his Life and Writings(1775) provided J.B. withamodel for hisLife; much satirizedby contemporary authors and S.J. His favourite enemy;authorofThe English Garden(4books, 1772–81), over 2, 400 lines of blank verse; politically, largely in opposition: 21, 22, 347, 432, 442, 535, 682, 938
Massinger, Philip (1583–1640), playwright; collaborated with the likes of John Fletcher and Thomas Dekker; company dramatist of the King’s Men (c.1625); authoroftheANewWaytoPay OldDebts(1625)andThe CityMadam(1632): 742
Masters, Mrs (d. 1771), poetess: 898
Mathias, James (c. 1710–82), merchant: 813
Maty, DrMatthew (1718–76), physician and librarian; fellow of the Royal Society (1751); licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1765); founder of the Journal Britannique(1750); issueon S.J.’sDictionary(1755) angered the author; one of the three original under-librarians of the British Museum (1756), later first principal librarian (1772); biographer of the Earl of Chesterfield: 155
Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de (1698–1759), French mathematician and philosopher: 291 n. a
Maxwell, Dr William (1732–1818), friend of S.J.: 320, 323
Mayo, DrHenry (1733–93), Nonconformist minister: 393–6, 677–80, 945
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