Richardson, Jonathan, the younger (1694–1771), son of Jonathan Richardson the elder and occasional painter: 74–5 and n. a, 83
Richardson, Miss, the novelist’s daughter, see Bridgen, Mrs Martha
Richardson, Samuel (1689–1761), printer and author; printer of the True Briton (1723–4); author of the novels Pamela (1740), a huge success that popularized the epistolary form, and Clarissa (1747–8); style and form parodied by Fielding, his great rival, in Shamela (1740); considered by S.J. as valuable for his ‘sentiment’; considerable influence on Jane Austen, who claimed to know the author by heart: 85, 113, 175 and n. c, 198, 203, 276, 288, 307, 326, 352–3, 622, 693, 765, 778 and n. a
Richmond, DrRichard (1727–80), bishop of Sodor and Man: 745
Riddell, Lieutenant George (d. 1783), of the Horse Guards: 879 n. 1121
Ridley, Thomas (d. 1782), London bookseller and publisher: 699
Ritter, Joseph, J. B.’s Bohemian servant: 313, 482 and n. a, 640
Rivers, Richard Savage, 4th Earl (c.1654–1712), army officer; Lieutenant and Lieutenant Colonel of the 4th troop of Horse Guards (1786); Justice of the Peace in Lancashire (1687); principal leader of the Treason Club, a group with ties to Monmouth; Whig MP for Liverpool (1690); Major-General (1693); custos rotulorum and Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire (1695–1704); Lieutenant General (1697); Commander-in-Chief of the Land Forces (1706) during the War of the Spanish Succession; Privy Councillor (1708); constable of the Tower (1709); Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards (1712); oneof the most notorious womanizers of his time and father of the poet Richard Savage: 98–9
Rivington, Charles (1688–1742), London bookseller and publisher: 78 n. a
Robert the Bruce, see Bruce, Robert
Roberts, James (c. 1669–1754), London printer and publisher: 95
Roberts, Miss (fl. 1758–63), oldMr Langton’s niece: 180, 228
Robertson, DrThomas (d. 1799), Scottish divine: 776 n. a
Robertson, Dr William (1721–93), historian and Church of Scotland minister; among the first members of the Select Society (1754); later member of the Poker Club; author of The History of Scotland (2 vols., 1759) and The History of America (2 vols., 1777); historiographer for Scotland (1763); principal of Edinburgh University (1762–93): 166, 279, 290, 294, 296, 384–6, 405, 408, 616, 669, 674, 702–5, 713, 741, 808, 982
Robertson, John (fl. 1760–90), printer and publisher of the Caledonian Mercury; prosecuted by the Society of Procurators: 16, 835–6
Robinson, Dr Richard (1709–94), ist Baron Rokeby, Archbishop of Armagh: 330
Robinson, Sir Thomas (joo?-jj), ist Baronet, architect and collector; commissioner of Excise (1735–42); governor of Barbados (1742-7); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1735); keen collector of sculpture; influential figure at the Royal Society of Arts: 230, 329
Rochefoucauld, Francois, Duc de la (1613–80), French classical author who had been one of the most active rebels of the Fronde before he became the leading exponent of the maxime, a French literary form of epigram: 134
Rochester, bishops of, see Horsley, Dr Samuel; Pearce, Dr Zachary; Sprat, Dr Thomas
Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of (1647–80), poet and courtier; famous affair with Elizabeth Barry; gentleman of the bedchamber (1666); ranger and keeper of the royal hunting park at Woodstock (1674); adulterer and rake; critically savaged by S.J.; poetry famous for its obscenities; last years beset by insanity and religious conversions: 534
Rochford, William Henry Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of (1717–81): 14, 171
Rockingham, Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquis of (1730–82), prime minister (1765-6, 1782); court Whig; leader of the Rockingham party; Lord Lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the West Riding of Yorkshire and of the county of the city of York, and custos rotulorum of the North Riding (1751–62); lord of the bedchamber to George II (1751); fellow of the Royal Society (1751); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1751); vice-admiral of Yorkshire (1755); knight of the Garter (1760); first lord of the Treasury (1765-6, 1782); Privy Councillor (1765); poor public speaker; premiership of little consequence: 356
Rodney, Sir George Brydges (1719–92), ist Baron Rodney; Admiral, RN: 476
Rogers, Revd John Methuen (c.1749–1834), rector of Berkeley, Somerset: 990
Rokeby, 1st Baron, see Robinson, Dr Richard
Rollin, Charles (1661–1741), French historian: 936
Rolt, Richard (1725? –70), historian and writer; New and Complete Dictionary of Trade and Commerce (1756) prefaced by S.J.; author of a New History of England^ vols., 1757) and A History of the Late War (1766); more admired for his histories than his less substantial poetry: 15, 191–2 and n. a, 446
Romney, George (1734–1802), painter; increasingly a Reynoldsian imitator; the most fashionable portrait painter in London for the last quarter of the eighteenth century; close friend of the poet William Hayley; radical sympathies perhaps prevented royal appointment; posthumous reputation has see-sawed with the vicissitudes of public taste: 541 n. b
Roper, William (1497–1578), biographer of Sir T. More: 159
Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of (c. 1637–85), poet: 12, 108, 976
Ross, DrJohn (1719–92), bishop of Exeter: 914
Rosslyn, Earl of, see Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburne, ist Baron
Rothes, Mary, Dowager Countess of (c. 1743–1820), wife of Bennet Langton: 30, 175, 191, 271, 301, 332, 338 n. a, 575, 685, 712, 895, 911
Rothwell, Mr (fl. 1768), perfumer: 286
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78), French philosopher, writer and political theorist whose treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and the Romantic generation: 232, 266, 299, 374, 923
Rowe, Elizabeth (1674–1737), poet and devotional writer; translated Tasso; her elegy ‘On the death of Mr Thomas Rowe’ admired by Pope; turned to devotional writing after the death of her husband; author of Devout Exercises of the Heart in Meditation and Soliloquy, Prayer and Praise (1737); style admired by Pope, S.J. and Richardson: 168
Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640); Flemish painter best known for his religious and mythological compositions: 471
Rudd, Margaret Caroline (d. c. 1798), courtesan and accused forger; implicated in the bank loan swindle of the brothers Robert and Daniel Perreau; found not guilty; reputed mistress of Baron Lyttelton; J.B.’s mistress for some time in the mid-1780s: 504, 561, 702
Ruddiman, Thomas (1674–1757), printer, classical scholar and librarian; assistant librarian at the Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh (1702), later keeper (173 o); author of Rudiments of the Latin Tongue (1714): 118 and n. a, 272, 375, 725
Ruffhead, Owen (1723–69), legal writer; book reviewer for the Gentleman’s Magazine; produced Warburton’s Life of Pope (pub. 1769), for which he was criticized by S.J.; died shortly before entering his appointment as one of the chief secretaries of the Treasury: 349
Russell, Dr Alexander (c.1715–68), physician and naturalist; one of the founder members of the Medical Society of Edinburgh University (1734); author of a Natural History of Aleppo (1756), reviewed by S.J. in the Literary Magazine; fellow of the Royal Society (1756); physician to St Thomas’s Hospital, London (1760): 166, 859
Russell, WilliamRussell, Lord (i639~83), politician: 372, 672
Rutland, Roger Manners, 5 th Earl of (1576–1612), nobleman; intimate of the Earl of Essex and possibly implicated in the Essexian coup; received the favour of James I; assigned to bestow the Garter upon Christian IV of Denmark: 228
Rutty, Dr John (1698–1775), physician; founding member of the Medico-Philosophical Society of Dublin (1756); author of A History of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers in Ireland (1751); A Spiritual Diary and Soliloquies (2 vols., 1776) satirized by S.J. for its repetitive cataloguing of his faults: 614–15
Ryland, John (1717?~98), friend of S.J.; contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine; the last surviving friend of S.J.’s early life; member of the Essex Head Club and the Ivy Lane Club; s
taunch Whig; Dissenter; scarcely mentioned by J.B.: 133, 957, 963
Sacheverell, Dr Henry (1674?-! 724), Church of England clergyman and religious controversialist; senior dean of arts (1708) and bursar (1709) at Magdalen College, Oxford; impeached for inflammatory sermons offending the Whigs (171 o); banned for preaching for three years before the ascendancy of the Whig party and the accession of George I ended hopes of preferment, as a High Churchman: 26
St Albyn, Revd Lancelot (c. 1722–91), rector of Parracombe and vicar of Wemble-don, Somerset: 848
St Asaph, bishops of, see Horsley, Dr Samuel; Shipley, Dr Jonathan
St David’s, bishops of, see Horsley, Dr Samuel; Stuart, Hon. and Revd William
St Helens, Baron, see Fitzherbert, Alleyne
Salisbury, bishops of, see Burnet, Gilbert; Douglas, Dr John
Sallust, Gaius Sallustius Crispus (86–35 BC), wealthy Roman politician and historian, author of histories of the conspiracy of Catiline and the Jugurthine War in North Africa; ‘the great master of nature’: 23, 59, 302, 871, 976 n. a
Salusbury, Hester Lynch: 259; see also Thrale, Mrs
Salusbury, Hester Maria (1709–73), Mrs Thrale’s mother: 401, 705
Sanadon, Noel Etienne (1676–1733), French scholar: 558 n. a
Sanderson, Dr Robert (1587–1663), bishop of Lincoln (1660–63); doctrinal Calvinist; rector of Boothby Pagnell (1619–60); King’s chaplain (1631); regius professor of divinity at Oxford (1646-8): 122, 989 n. a
Sanderson, or Saunderson, Nicholas (1682–1739), mathematician: 361
Sands, Murray and Cochran, printers of Edinburgh: 117 n. a
Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of (1718–92), politician and musical patron; first lord of the Admiralty (1748–51, 1763–5, 1771–82); friend of Garrick; Secretary of State (1771); engaged in major project to reform the dockyards; leadingpromoter of the great Handel commemoration (1784); partly responsible for the naval disasters of the 1770s: 730 andn. 900
Sandys, Colonel Edwin (i6i3?-42), son of the below: 475
Sandys, George (1578–1644), writer and traveller; treasurer of Virginia (1621); translator of Ovid’s Metamorphoses (1626); praised by Pope as ‘one of the chief refiners of our language’; gentleman of the Privy Chamber of Charles I; involved in attempts to later revive the Virginia Company (1631, 1640): 936
Sandys, Sir Edwin (1561–1629), politician and colonial entrepreneur; author of A Relation of the State of Religion (1605); knighted and appointed to the Queen’s council (1603); leader of the Commons; treasurer of the Virginia Company (1619); a director of the East India Company: 122
Sansterre, or Santerre, Antoine Joseph (1752–1809), French brewer and Revolutionary general: 474
Sarpi, Father Paul (1552–1623), Italian patriot, scholar, and state theologian during Venice’s struggle with Pope Paul V; author of the History of the Council of Trent, an important work decrying papal absolutism; an early advocate of the separation of Church and State: 10, 62, 78 andn. a, 79, 80, 81
Sastres, Francesco (fl. 1776–1822), Italian teacher and translator: 530, 989 n. a
Sault, Richard (d. 1702), mathematician and editor: 873 and n. b
Savage, Richard (d. 1743), poet and playwright; illegitimate son of Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers; S.J. his biographer (1744, published anonymously); author of the confessional poem The Bastard(1728) and the anti-clerical satire The Progress of a Divine (1735); source of literary gossip for The Dunciad Variorum (1729); bosom companion of S.J. from 1738: n, 12, 74 n. a, 90 andn. a, 93–100, 94 n. a and n. b, 97 n. b, 98 n. c, 99 n. a and n. b, 112, 134, 582, 583 n. b, 791, 922, 934 n. a, 986
Savile, Sir George (1726–84), 8th Baronet, politician: 755
Scaliger, Joseph Justus (1540–1609), the younger; Dutch philologist and historian whose works on chronology were among the greatest contributions of Renaissance scholars to revisions in historical and classical studies: 309, 502
Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558), the elder; French classical scholar of Italian descent who worked in botany, zoology, grammar and literary criticism: 40, 109 n. b, 309
Scarsdale, Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Baron (1726–1804); art collector and creator of Kedleston, Derbyshire: 609–10
Schotanus, Christianus (1603–71), Frisian scholar and historian: 250
‘Sciolus’, pseudonym of a contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine: 708 n. a, 770 n. a
Scott, Archibald, a ghost author created from the signature A. R. Scotus, i.e. Allan Ramsay: 69 n. a
Scott, Dr, afterwards Sir William Scott and Baron Stowell (1745–1836), judge and politician; Advocate General to the Admiralty (1782); King’s Advocate-General (1788); MP for Oxford University (1801–21); judge of the High Court of Admiralty and Privy Councillor (1798); member of the Literary Club from 1778: 665–8, 690, 814, 868, 953, 989 n. a, 1000 n. c
Scott, George Lewis (1708–80), mathematician; considered a Jacobite; member of the Society for Encouragement of Learning (1736); sub-preceptor to Prince George and his younger brothers (1750); commissioner of Excise in London (1758); consulted by Gibbon: 584
Scott, John (1730–83), of Amwell, Quaker poet: 443, 450
Secker, DrThomas (1693–1768), Archbishop of Canterbury (1758); royal chaplain (1732); rector of St James’s, Piccadilly (1733–50); bishop of Bristol (1735); bishop of Oxford (1737); dean of St Paul’s (1750); championed the need for an American bishopric in spite of hostile opposition; energetic and industrious, an administrative workhorse: 24, 778
Segned, emperor of Abyssinia: 52
Selden, John (1584–1654), lawyer and historical and linguistic scholar; author of The Historie of Tithes (1618) and, after turning to Judaic studies, De jure naturali et gentium, juxta disciplinam Ebrorum (1640); legal consultant for Francis Bacon; member of the Long Parliament during the 1640s; keeper of the records in the Tower (1643); one of the twelve commissioners for the Admiralty (1644): 344, 775 n. a
Settle, Elkanah (1648–1724), playwright; author of The Empress of Morocco (c. 1672–3); political propagandist on behalf of the Whig exclusionists before defecting to the Tories in 1682; rival of Dryden, the latter unhappy at the younger playwright’s position at the court; satirized by Dryden (in Absalom and Achitophel) andPope (in TheDunciad): 36, 560
Sevigne, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de (1626–96), French letter-writer: 545
Seward, Anna (1742–1809), poet and correspondent; ‘the swan of Lichfield’; vexed relationship with S.J., centring on his apparent depreciation of their native Lichfield; feuded publicly with J.B. after the publication of his Life, claiming it to be blind idolatry; close friend of Erasmus Darwin; poems posthumously edited by Sir Walter Scott (3 vols., 1810): 27 n. b, 55 n. a, 514, 654 n. a, 677, 678, 680, 681, 683, 684, 934,946, 972
Seward, Mrs Elizabeth (1712–90), wife of the below: 514
Seward, Revd Thomas (1708–90), Church of England clergyman; father of Anna Seward; printed poems in Dodsley’s 1748 collection; joint editor of an edition of the works of Beaumont and Fletcher (10 vols., 1750); prominent member of the Lichfield community: 48 n. a, 514, 517, 604, 746
Seward, William (1747–99), anecdotist; great family friend of the Thrales; intimate friend of S.J.; member of the Essex Head Club (1784); compiled the Anecdotes of SomeDistinguishedPersons (5 vols., 1795–7); elected FRS (1779) and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1779): 81, 196, 300, 427, 587 and n. a, 589, 612, 613, 618 n. b, 628, 715, 786, 842, 864, 867, 872, 882–3, 1002 n. a
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, 4th Earl of (i7ii-7i): 15, 245
Shakespeare, William (1564–1616), playwright, man of the theatre and poet; now established as the pre-eminent English author, a transformation in which S.J. (who edited Shakespeare’s works) and S.J.’s close friend David Garrick played an important part; General: blind admiration for in England 260; character of Catherine of Aragon 896; compared with Congreve 304–5, 309; compared with Corneille and the Greek dramatists 771; his fame 665; a fault, never six lines without 309; the ghost of Old Hamlet
44, 771; Henry V, description of Agincourt eve 305; Jephson, rivalled by 306; Johnson read very early in life 44; Johnson’s opinion of him 776; jubilee at Stratford (1769) 297; knowledge of Latin 772; and Lichfield 513; Macbeth, the worse for being acted 307; – never read through by Mrs Pritchard 448; – description of night 306; Milton, compared with 804; mulberry tree 516; – poem on 60; name omitted in an essay on the English poets 82; night, descriptions of 305, 306; Othello, dialogue between Cassio and Iago 540; – more moral than any other play 539; ‘Shakespearian ribbands’ 297; Timon of Athens’s admirable scolding 777; Editions, chronological: Theobald’s edition (1733) 177; Hanmer’s edition (1743-4) 12, 100;, 101; Warburton’s edition (1747) 143, 177; Capell’s edition (1768) 765; Johnson-Steevens edition (1773) 319–20, 369; Malone’s edition (1790) 6, 843; Johnson’s edition (1765), chronological: proposals and specimen (1745) 12, 100; proposals (1756), 172, 174, 176; subscribers 174, 176, 179, 261; – list lost and money spent 824; progress 171–7, 197–98; published 15, 260; went through several editions 369; attacked by Kenrick 260–61; criticized in the newspapers 269; appendix of notes 180; notes by the Wartons 179, 319–20; notes on two passages in Hamlet 546; preface to 260; – Garrick not mentioned in 307; – reflected on him in 362; Quotations and allusions: As You Like It 662 (III.ii.205), 951 (I.ii.i 13); Coriolanus 662 (III.ii.256-7); Hamlet 69 (III.iv.62), 345 (III.ii.39–40), 417 (III.ii.358), 422 (III.i.8o), 465 (III.ii.66), 546 (III.i.58–90 and V.ii.44), 614 (III.i.68), 620(I.iii.41), 643 (I.ii.i 84), 713 (I.ii.133), 804 n. a (III.iv.54–61), 948 (I.ii.i84); iHenryIVi36 (V.iv.i 56–7), 938 (II.v.452); 2 Henry IV 863 (I.ii.io); Henry VIII 17 (IV.ii.69–72), 169 (III.ii.359), 803 n. a (IV.ii.50–51, 67–68); King Lear 658 (III.iv.135), 729 (II.iv.i23ff.); Love’s Labour’s Lost 816–17 (II.i.66–76); Macbeth 162 (II.iii.102), 307 (V.v.23–24), 435 (II.ii.12–13), 988 (V.iii.42-7); Much Ado About Nothing 679 (III.v.33); Othello 481 (II.i.162), 712 (III.iii.347-8); Richard II 75 (I.iii.309), 423 (I.iii.309), 869 (I.iii.309); Romeo and Juliet 304 (II.i.156), 339 (V.i.40); The Tempest 514 (IV.i.153), 765 (I.ii.358–60), 776(IV.i.io-n); Two Gentlemen of Verona 316 (III.i.ioi)
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