Changing for Good

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by James O Prochaska


  Action-oriented programs typically place high demands on both health promotion professionals and participants. The new paradigm can provide high-intensity, interactive programs that demand much less of both professionals and participants.

  Our approach produces realistic goals that can maximize the benefits of brief or low-intensity interventions.

  Programs based on the new paradigm can effectively complement current action-oriented programs in two ways:

  a. Stage-based programs are excellent for people who do not participate in traditional action-oriented programs.

  b. Stage-based programs are promising alternatives for people who do not succeed in traditional action-oriented programs.

  14. Our approach is appropriate for high-risk populations with multiple behavioral risk factors.

  15. The most effective action-oriented programs typically cannot be delivered in a cost-effective manner to remote sites. The most effective programs based on the new paradigm can deliver high-quality services to remote sites.

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  DiClemente, C. C., and J. O. Prochaska (1985). “Processes and Stages of Change: Coping and Competence in Smoking Behavior Change.” In S. Shiffman and T. A. Wills, eds. Coping and Substance Abuse. San Diego: Academic Press.

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  McConnaughy. E. A., J. O, Prochaska, and W. F. Velicer (1983). “Stages of Change in Psychotherapy: Measurement and Sample Profiles.” Psychotherapy, 20, 368–375.

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  Norcross, J. C., ed. (1991). “Prescriptive Matching in Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis for Simple Phobias?” Psychotherapy, 28, 439–472.

  Norcross, J. C., B. A. Alford, and J. T. DeMichele (1992). “The Future of Psychotherapy: Delphi Data and Concluding Observations.” Psychotherapy, 29, 150–158.

  Norcross, J. C., and D. C. Aboyoun (1994). “Self-change Experiences of Psychotherapists.” In T. M. Brinthaupt and R. P. Lipka, eds. Changing the Self. Albany: State University of New York Press.

  Norcross, J. C., and M. R. Goldfried, eds. (1992). Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration. New York: Basic Books.

  Norcross, J. C., and P. R. Magaletta (1990). “Concurrent Validation of the Levels of Attribution and Change (LAC) Scale.” Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 618–622.

  Norcross, J. C., and J. O. Prochaska (1986). “Psychotherapist Heal Thyself I: The Psychological Distress and Self-change of Psychologists, Counselors, and Laypersons.” Psychotherapy, 23, 102–114.

  Norcross, J. C., and J. O. Prochaska (1986). “Psychotherapist Heal Thyself II: The Self-Initiated and Therapy-Facilitated Change of Psychological Distress.” Psychotherapy, 23, 345–356.

  Norcross, J. C., J. O. Prochaska, and C. C. DiClemente (1986). “Self-change of Psychological Distress: Laypersons’ vs Psychologists’ Coping Strategies.” Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 834–840.

  Norcross, J. C., J. O. Prochaska, and C. C. DiClemente (1991). “Helping Clients Stick to It.” IDEA Today, 9 (6), 23–26.

  Norcross, J. C., J. O. Prochaska, and C. C. DiClemente (in press). “The Stages and Processes of Weight Control: Two Replications.” In A. Kutscher et al., eds. Obesity and Weight Control. Philadelphia: Charles Press.

  Norcross, J. C., J. O. Prochaska, and M. Hambrecht (1985). “Levels of Attribution and Change (LAC) Scale: Development and Measurement.” Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9, 631–649.

  Norcross, J. C., J. O. Prochaska, and M. Hambrecht (1991). “Treating Ourselves vs. Treating Our Clients: A Replication with Alcohol Abuse.” Journal of Substance Abuse, 3, 123–129.

  Norcross, J. C., A. C. Ratzin, and D. Payne (1989). “Ringing In the New Year: The Change Process and Reported Outcomes of Resolutions.” Addictive Behaviors, 14, 205–212.

  Norcross, J. C., D. J. Strausser, and F. J. Faltus (1988). “The Therapist’s Therapist.” American Journal of Psychotherapy, 42, 53–66.

  Norcross, J. C., and D. J. Vangarelli (1989). “The Resolution Solution: Longitudinal Examination of New Year’s Change Attempts.” Journal of Substance Abuse, 1, 127–134.

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  Prochaska, J. O., C. C. DiClemente, and J. C. Norcross (1992). “In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors.” American Psychologist, 47, 1102–1114.

  Prochaska, J. O., C. C. DiClemente, W. F. Velicer, S. Ginpil, and J. C. Norcross (1985). “Predicting Change in Smoking Status for Self-changers.” Addictive Behaviors, 10, 395–406.

  Prochaska, J. O., and J. C. Norcross (1983). “Psychotherapists’ Perspectives on Treating Themselves and Their Clients for Psychic Distress.” Professional Psychology, 14, 642–655.

  Prochaska, J. O., and J. C. Norcross (1994). Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis, 3d. ed. Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks/Cole.

  Prochaska, J. O., J. C. Norcross, J. L. Fowler, M. J. Follick, and D. B. Abrams (1992). “Attendance and Outcome in a Work Site Weight Control Program: Processes and Stages of Change As Process and Predictor Variables.” Addictive Behaviors, 17, 35–45.

  Prochaska, J. O., W. F. Velicer, C. C. DiClemente, and J. S. Fava (1988). “Measuring Processes of Change: Applications to the Cessation of Smoking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 520–528.

  Velicer, W. F., C. C. DiClemente, J. O. Prochaska, and N. Brandenburg (1985). “A Decisional Balance Measure for Assessing and Predicting Smoking Status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1279–1289.

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  Searchable Terms

  Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.

  Page numbers in italics refer to tables and figures.

  Abstinence Violation Effect (AVE), 227n

  action, 15, 39, 44–45, 64, 65, 66, 68, 87, 162, 172–201

  alcohol abuse and, 67, 257–258

  awareness and insight in, 43, 59, 114–115

  change vs., 44, 45, 96, 174

  commitment and, 43, 44, 114, 174, 224

  countering and, 59, 173, 174, 176–186, 267–269

  delay of, 42–43, 110–115

  environment control and, 59, 174–175, 186–190, 196, 269–270

  helping relationships in, 195–198

  old paradigm of, 14–15, 44

  personal detailed plans for, 43, 157–158

  premature, 113–115, 142, 147–149, 174

  processes of change effective in, 52, 55, 59, 60, 174, 176–199, 267–271

  relapse and, 48–50, 172–173, 199, 200

  reward and, 59, 173, 190–195, 197–198, 250, 270–271

  smoking cessation and, 67, 87–88, 249–250

  social liberation and, 28

  techniques of, 175–176

  thinking vs., 43, 110–112

  adolescents, 16, 100–101, 242

  adulthood, 80, 81, 226

  advertising, 102, 132–133, 138, 156, 244

  advocacy organizations, 28, 33

  age, 79, 81, 86, 106, 137

  aggression, 24, 93, 114, 175, 184

  agoraphobia, 194

  AIDS, 57, 101, 244, 286, 287

  alcohol:

  abstaining from, 74, 134–135, 173–174, 202–203, 220

  availability of, 30, 33, 44, 45

  in blood, 147

  cutting back on, 148–149

  information about, 107, 127

  social ease and, 128, 135, 146, 148, 256

  alcohol abuse, alcoholism, 14, 15, 16, 36, 58, 76, 85, 105, 112, 275

  action and, 67, 257–258

  automobile accidents and, 29, 80, 102, 127, 133

  changer’s manual for, 251–259

  consciousness-raising and, 106–108, 117, 127–129

  contemplation and, 256–257

  denial of, 41, 73–74, 83, 95, 128, 251–252

  DWI and DUI convictions and, 80–81, 147, 254

  emotional distress and, 30, 45, 57, 73–76, 117, 128, 176, 205

  enabling relationships and, 148, 149, 172

  family disruption and, 127–129, 133–135, 255

  health problems and death associated with, 77, 78–79, 81, 83, 84–85, 95, 107, 128, 251

  helping relationships and, 95–96, 117, 196, 218

  linkage of other addictions with, 57, 81, 203, 207

  maintenance and, 258–259

  monitoring of, 122–124, 148–149

  precontemplation and, 252–256

  preparation and, 257–258

  relapse and, 172–173, 220–221

  self-assessment of, 253–256

  signs and symptoms of, 78, 117, 128–129, 254–255

  violent behavior and, 127, 255

  Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.), 80, 101, 154, 173, 203, 217, 218, 258, 275

  Alice in Wonderland (Carroll), 23, 122

  analysis of resistance, 26, 89–92

  Analysis Terminable and Interminable (Freud), 274

  anger, 73, 103, 118–119, 174, 175

  projection of, 85, 126–127

  violent outbursts of, 83, 123, 124, 197

  antismoking campaigns, 101–102, 116, 133

  anxiety, 43, 61, 76, 105, 262, 263

  alcohol abuse and, 30, 73

  attacks of, 153–154

  change and, 110–111, 154–155, 174

  commitment and, 153–158

  techniques for countering of, 155–158, 180–182, 186–187

  anxiety disorders, 16, 17, 57, 65, 194

  assertiveness, 28, 33, 103, 105, 130, 161, 183–185, 203, 207, 226, 267, 268

 

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