21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., p. 5.
23. Ibid., p. 8.
24. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, pp. 110, 111.
25. Ibid.
26. R2-2-42, letter to mother, May 2, 1951, Paris.
27. R2-2-43, letter to mother, May 6, 1951, New York.
28. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 110.
29. R2-2-44, letter to mother, May 20, 1951, Bogotá.
30. R2-2-46, letter to mother, June 11, 1951, Paris, on Bogotá stationery.
31. Ibid.
32. Le Corbusier and Jeanneret, Oeuvre complète, vol. 5, pp. 112–13.
33. Ibid., vol. 5, p. 112.
34. Ibid., vol. 5, p. 113.
35. R1-12-87, letter to Yvonne, February 27, 1951, Chandigarh.
36. Ibid.
CHAPTER XLIV
1. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, pp. 8, 9.
2. Hilary Spurling, Matisse the Master (London: Hamish Hamilton, 2005), p. 450.
3. E2-15-164, letter to Matisse, August 24, 1951, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
4. R2-2-48, letter to mother, August 27, 1951, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
5. R2-2-49, letter to mother, September 9, 1951, Paris.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. R2-2-51, letter to mother, November 9, 1951, Simla.
11. Ibid.
12. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 105.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. R2-2-52, letter to mother, December 12, 1951, Marseille.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 112.
20. R2-2-54, letter to mother, January 14, 1952, Paris.
21. Ibid.
22. R1-12-95, letter to Yvonne, January 22, 1952, Chandigarh.
23. Ibid.
24. R2-2-55 to 56, letter to mother, enclosing copy of a letter from Nehru, April 5, 1952, Simla.
25. Ibid.
26. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 68.
27. Le Corbusier, When the Cathedrals Were White (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1947), p. 108.
28. Ibid.
29. Le Corbusier Talks with Students (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999), p. 67.
30. E2-04-74, letter to Van Ameringen, February 25, 1952, Paris.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. R2-2-31, letter from Yvonne to mother, December 31, 1950, Paris.
34. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 105.
35. G2-12-337, letter to M. T. Harris, April 17, 1952, Paris.
36. M2-6-143, letter from M. T. Harris, June 12, 1952, Darien, Connecticut.
37. G2-12-337, letter to M. T. Harris, April 17, 1952, Paris.
38. M2-6-145, letter from M. T. Harris, June 25, 1952, Scott’s Cove, Darien, Connecticut.
39. Ibid.
40. G2-12-518, letter to M. T. Harris, June 27, 1952, Paris.
41. R2-2-58, letter to mother, June 12, 1952, Paris.
42. R1-12-99, letter to Yvonne, July 18, 1952, Grand Hotel Continental, Ajaccio.
43. Ibid.
44. R2-2-60, letter to mother, August 20, 1952, Paris.
45. Ibid.
46. R2-2-97, letter to mother, August 4, 1954, l’Etoile de Mer, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
47. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 53.
48. Ibid., p. 55.
49. Brassaï, The Artists of My Life (New York: Viking Press, 1982), pp. 84, 85.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid., p. 85.
52. Ibid., p. 86.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid., pp. 86, 87.
55. Ibid., p. 87.
56. Ibid., p. 90.
57. Ibid.
CHAPTER XLV
1. Quotation provided by Jim Grissom, author of a forthcoming book on Le Corbusier’s women. During the French production of A Streetcar Named Desire, starring Jean Marais as Stanley, Williams was introduced to Le Corbusier’s work by Jean Cocteau.
2. R2-2-63 to 64, letter to mother, October 2, 1952, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
3. Ibid.
4. Le Corbusier et son atelier, rue de Sèvres 35, Oeuvre complète, vol. 6: 1952–1957 (Zurich: Les Editions d’Architecture, 1977), p. 90.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., vol. 6, pp. 90, 91.
7. Ibid., vol. 6, p. 91.
8. Ibid., vol. 6, pp. 91, 92.
9. Ibid., vol. 6, p. 92.
10. Doshi, Le Corbusier and Louis I. Kahn, p. 1.
11. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 112.
12. Interview with Gisèle Gambu-Moreau, April 11, 2000.
13. “Happy Hive,” Time, February 2, 1948.
14. “What’s Luxurious,” Time, June 12, 1950.
15. “The Trouble with Stilts,” Time, January 22, 1951.
16. Ibid.
17. R2-2-65, letter to mother, October 15, 1952, Paris.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 112.
23. Ibid.
CHAPTER XLVI
1. R1-12-102, letter to Yvonne, November 26, 1952, Chandigarh.
2. Ibid.
3. R2-2-66, letter to mother, November 30, 1952, Chandigarh.
4. R1-12-102, letter to Yvonne, November 26, 1952, Chandigarh.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. R2-2-66, letter to mother, November 30, 1952, Chandigarh.
8. Ibid.
9. R2-2-70, letter to mother, December 15, 1952, Chandigarh.
10. Ibid.
11. R2-2-68, letter from Royal Institute of British Architects, December 11, 1952, London.
12. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 109.
13. R2-2-72, letter to mother, February 1, 1953, Paris.
14. R2-2-73, letter to mother, March 1, 1953, Paris.
15. R2-2-75, letter from Jeanne Heilbuth to Mrs. Jeanneret, March 19, 1953, Paris.
16. R2-2-77, letter to mother, March 30, 1953, Paris.
17. R2-2-78, letter to mother, May 17, 1953, Paris.
18. Ibid.
19. R2-2-79, letter to mother, June 2, 1953, Chandigarh.
20. Ibid.
21. R2-2-80, letter to mother, July 1, 1953, Paris.
22. R2-2-83, letter to mother, September 8, 1953, Paris.
23. E2-176 to 177, letter to Nehru, September 22, 1953, Paris.
24. R2-2-86, letter to mother, October 30, 1953, Paris.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. “Nehru’s Call to End Communalism,” The Sunday Tribune (Ambala), November 8, 1953.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. R2-2-87, letter to mother, November 29, 1953, Paris.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. R2-2-90 to 91, letter to mother, January 27, 1954, Chandigarh.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. R2-2-92, letter to mother, March 1, 1954.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
CHAPTER XLVII
1. Le Corbusier et son atelier, rue de Sèvres 35, Oeuvre complète, vol. 6, p. 144.
2. Ibid.
3. Interview with Balkrishna Doshi, Ahmedabad, January 26, 2001.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. R2-2-98, letter to mother, August 8, 1954, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
8. R2-2-99, letter to mother, September 26, 1954, Paris.
9. R2-2-100, letter to mother, October 24, 1954, Paris.
10. R2-2-103, letter to mother, November 17, 1954, Chandigarh.
11. Ibid.
12. R2-2-104 to 107, letter to mother, December 16–17, 1954, Cairo.
13. R2-2-111, letter to mother, February 17, 1955, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
CHAPTER XLVIII
1. M2-9-182, letter from Th. Rebu
tato, December 22, 1960, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
2. E3-10-53T, letter to Marguerite Tjader Harris, February 15, 1955, Etoile de Mer, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. G2-18-24, letter to Marguerite Tjader Harris, March 13, 1955, Paris.
CHAPTER XLIX
1. “Nehru Opens New Punjab High Court Building,” unidentified paper, May 19, 1955.
2. Ibid.
3. Interview with M.S. Sharma, Chandigarh, January 29, 2001.
4. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 116.
5. Doshi, Le Corbusier and Louis I. Kahn, p. 10.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., p. 14.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 16.
11. Ibid., p. 17.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 18.
14. Ibid., p. 19.
CHAPTER L
1. Interview with Anand Sarabhai, Ahmedabad, January 25, 2001.
2. G2-15-431, letter from A. P. Ducret to Mrs. Sarabhai, July 7, 1953, Paris.
3. G2-18-142, letter to Mrs. Manorama Sarabhai, February 7, 1955, Paris.
4. P3-5-223, letter to Mrs. Manorama Sarabhai, May 1, 1956, Ahmedabad.
5. Taya Zinkin, “No Compromise with Le Corbusier,” Manchester Guardian Weekly, September 16, 1965, p. 14.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Interview with M. S. Sharma, Chandigarh, January 29, 2001.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, pp. 116, 117.
12. Ibid.
13. From typescript from Main Ouverte book, November 26–27, 1954 statement, p. 12, FLC Code B 53.
CHAPTER LI
1. Le Corbusier et son atelier, rue de Sèvres 35, Oeuvre complète, vol. 6, p. 94.
2. Ibid.
3. Peter Serenyi, “Timeless but of Its Time: Le Corbusier in India,” in The Le Corbusier Archive, ed. H. Allen Brooks, vol. 26: Ahmedabad 1953–1960 (New York: Garland, 1983), pp. 176–77. This is a particularly astute and helpful narrative.
4. Ibid.
5. Doshi, Le Corbusier and Louis I. Kahn, p. 11.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Le Corbusier et son atelier, rue de Sèvres 35, Oeuvre complète, vol. 6, p. 78.
9. Quoted to NFW by Anni Albers.
10. Doshi, Le Corbusier and Louis I. Kahn, pp. 11, 12.
11. Charles Correa, Chandigarh: The View from Benares, in H. Allen Brooks, ed., The Le Corbusier Archive, vol. 20 (New York: Garland, 1983), p. 198.
12. Deborah Gans, The Le Corbusier Guide (Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 1987), p. 232.
13. Correa, Chandigarh, p. 197.
14. Kalia, Chandigarh, p. 29.
15. Interviews with residents of Chandigarh, January 2001.
CHAPTER LII
1. Jim Grissom provided this quotation as well.
2. Danièle Pauly, Le Corbusier: The Chapel of Ronchamp, bilingual ed. (Paris: Fondation Le Corbusier, 1997), p. 59.
3. A. M. Cocagnac and M. R. Capellades, Les chapelles du Rosaire à Vence par Matisse et de Notre-Dame-du-Haut à Ronchamp par Le Corbusier (Paris: Cerf, 1955), p. 107.
4. Le Corbusier, Ronchamp, les carnets de la recherche patiente 2 (Stuttgart: Les Editions Girsberger, 1957), p. 89.
5. Le Corbusier, Textes et dessins pour Ronchamp (Ronchamp: Association Oeuvre Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1981), unpaginated.
6. Profuse thanks to Pauly, Le Corbusier, for this observation.
7. Le Corbusier, L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui, special issue on Le Corbusier, April 1948, p. 44.
8. Cocagnac and Capellades, Les chapelles, p. 107.
9. Le Corbusier, Textes et dessins pour Ronchamp.
10. Pauly, Le Corbusier, p. 87.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 97.
13. Abbé Bolle-Redat, “Mieltes,” Journal de Notre Dame du Haut, December 1971, p. 4.
14. Le Corbusier, Le Livre de Ronchamp (Paris: Les Cahiers Forces Vives/Editec, 1961), p. 18.
CHAPTER LIII
1. Philippe Potié, Le Corbusier: le couvent Sainte Marie de la Tourette (Paris: Fondation Le Corbusier, 2001), p. 62.
2. Ibid., p. 60.
3. Ibid., p. 7.
4. E1-17-79, letter to Le Révérend Père Couturier, May 11, 1953, Paris.
5. Letter from R. P. Couturier to Le Corbusier, July 28, 1953, Paris, in Jean Petit and Le Corbusier, Un Couvent de Le Corbusier (Paris: Les Cahiers Forces Vives/Editec, 1961), p. 23.
6. Ibid., p. 26.
7. Ibid., p. 28.
8. Fr. M.-A. Couturier, “Le Corbusier,” L’Art Sacré 7–8 (March–April 1959).
9. Statement from Le Corbusier, February 15, 1954, Chandigarh.
CHAPTER LIV
1. Le Corbusier et son atelier, rue de Sèvres 35, Oeuvre complète, vol. 7: 1957–1965 (Zurich: Les Editions d’Architecture, 1977), p. 16.
2. Pauly, Le Corbusier, p. 103.
3. R1-12-104, letter to Yvonne, December 9, 1953, n.p.
4. Ibid.
5. Interview with Jacques Hindermeyer, November 4, 2000.
6. E3-10-53, letter to Mrs. Tjader Harris, February 15, 1955, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. R2-2-112 to 114, letter to mother, March 4, 1955, Paris.
10. R2-2-117 to 119, letter to mother, April 17, 1955, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. R2-2-120 to 121, letter to mother, May 15, 1955, Paris.
14. Ibid.
15. R2-2-122 to 123, letter to mother, June 5, 1955, Paris.
16. R2-2-124, letter to mother, June 23, 1955, Paris.
17. Ibid.
CHAPTER LV
1. Le Figaro, June 27, 1955.
2. “Notre-Dame-du-Haut officiellement et solennellement réinstallée par son S. Exc. Mgr Dubois dans son domaine à Ronchamp,” Le Courrier de Belfort et du Territoire, June 25, 1955.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Jean Petit and Pino Musi, Ronchamp Le Corbusier (Lugano: Fidia Edizioni d’Arte, Association Oeuvre de Notre Dame du Haut à Ronchamp, René Bolle Redat, 1997), n.p.
6. Le Courrier de Belfort et du Territoire, June 25, 1955.
7. Petit and Musi, Ronchamp Le Corbusier, n.p.
8. Le Courrier de Belfort et du Territoire, June 25, 1955.
9. In L’Art Sacré, special issue on Ronchamp, September–October 1955, p. 23.
10. Ibid., pp. 24–25.
11. Le Courrier de Belfort et du Territoire, June 25, 1955.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Petit and Musi, Ronchamp Le Corbusier, n.p.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 48.
19. R2-2-125 to 126, letter to mother, June 27, 1955, Ronchamp.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. M. A. Couturier, “Le Corbusier/Ronchamp,” in L’Art Sacré, July–August 1953, pp. 29, 31.
25. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 49.
26. Petit and Musi, Ronchamp Le Corbusier, n.p.
27. Ibid.
28. G2-19-108, letter to M. Tjader Harris, June 24, 1955, Paris.
29. Ibid.
30. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 116.
31. X1-18-151, Jean Petit, “Consécration de Marseille. Voici la Maison Radieuse de Nantes-Rezé,” Combat (France), July 5, 1955.
CHAPTER LVI
1. R2-2-129, letter to mother, August 9, 1955, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
2. Ibid.
3. R1-7-248, postcard from mother, July 11, 1955, Le Lac, Vevey.
4. E1-13-16, letter from Blaise Cendrars, September 5, 1955, n.p.
5. R2-2-131, letter to mother, September 23, 1955, Paris.
6. R2-2-132 to 135, letter to mother,
October 9, 1955, Paris.
7. R2-2-136, letter to mother, November 10, 1955, Bangkok. (Plane travel on Air France from Tokyo to Ahmedabad.)
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, pp. 117, 118.
11. Interview with Caroline Maniaque, January 22, 2003.
12. “Le Corbusier vu par Marie Jaoul,” in Corbu vu par (Liège: P. Mardaga, 1987), p. 67.
13. Ibid., p. 68.
14. U3-08/56-57, Le Corbusier, personal memo (notes for an unpublished article), January 4, 1956.
15. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 118.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., p. 119.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Le Corbusier, “Jean Prouvé a élevé…,” February 29, 1956, in Jean Prouvé et Paris (Paris: Editions du Pavillon de l’Arsenal, Picard Editeur, 2001), p. 284.
21. R1-12/125T, letter to Yvonne, September 15, 1956, n.p.
22. R1-12-347, letter to Yvonne, April 4, 1957, Orly Airport (en route to India).
23. R1-12-348, letter to Yvonne, April 29, 1957, Chandigarh.
24. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 9.
25. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 120.
26. Ibid., p. 121.
27. Ibid.
CHAPTER LVII
1. Le Corbusier, Le Poème Electronique, ed. Jean Petit (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1958), n.p.
2. Marc Treib, Space Calculated in Seconds: The Philips Pavilion, Le Corbusier, Edgard Varèse (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), pp. 6, 7.
3. Ibid., p. 193.
4. Ibid., p. 218.
5. Ibid., pp. 87, 88.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. J2-19-173, letter to Kalff, July 22, 1958, Paris.
9. Le Corbusier, Le Poème Electronique, n.p.
10. Treib, Space Calculated in Seconds, p. 211.
11. Ibid., p. 252.
12. R2-2-137, letter to mother, June 17, 1958, Paris.
13. Ibid.
14. R2-2-139, letter to mother, August 23, 1958, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Le Corbusier et son atelier, rue de Sèvres 35, Oeuvre complète, vol. 7, p. 187.
18. Petit, Le Corbusier parle, p. 19.
19. Petit, Le Corbusier lui-même, p. 124.
20. Ibid.
21. Le Corbusier, Les Trois établissements humains, ed. Jean Petit (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1997). This book was originally printed in 1945 (Paris: Denoël, Collection Ascoral) without this statement, which is not from Le Corbusier but from Charles Péguy. See Catherine de Smet, “Le Livre comme synthèse des Arts. Editions et design graphique chez Le Corbusier, 1945–1965,” Ph.D. diss., EHESS, Paris, 2002, p. 383.
22. Le Corbusier, Les Trois établissements humains, pp. 11, 13.
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