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Credits and Permissions
The inclusion of any figures, illustrations, photographs, diagrams, charts, or other types of images in this book should not be construed as an endorsement of the ideas and arguments contained in this book on the part of any copyright holders or creators of those images, other than the author of the book himself.
Illustrations © 2013 Ray Braun, Seattle, WA.
Cover photograph: Courtesy Chen, J. Y., G. Q. Zhou, M. Y. Zhu, and K. Y. Yeh. The Chengjiang Biota—A Unique Window of the Cambrian Explosion. Taichung, Taiwan: National Museum of Natural Science (1996), 149, Figure 186. Used by permission.
Cover: Photograph of trilobite fossil courtesy of J. Y. Chen. Source: Figure 186, Chen, J. Y., Zhou, G. Q., Zhu, M. Y., and Yeh, K. Y. The Chengjiang Biota—A Unique Window of the Cambrian Explosion, 149. Taichung, Taiwan: National Museum of Natural Science, 1996. Used with permission.
Figure 1.1: Tree of life image from Ernst Haeckel, Volume II of Generelle Morphologie (1866). Public Domain.
Figure 1.2a: Louis Agassiz photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
Figure 1.2b: Charles Darwin photograph courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Original photograph taken by Henry Maull and John Fox. Public Domain.
Figure 1.3a: Drawing of brachiopod by Ray Braun based on information from Figure 18, Brusca, R. C., and Brusca, G. J. Invertebrates, 794. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1990; Figure 7.55, Mintz, L. W. Historical Geology: The Science of a Dynamic Earth, 130. 2nd ed. Columbus, Charles E. Merrill Publishing, 1977.
Figure 1.3b: Brachiopod fossil photograph showing internal remains courtesy of Paul Chien. Used with permission.
Figure 1.3c: Brachiopod fossil photograph © Colin Keates DK Limited Corbis. Used with permission.
Figure 1.4a: Drawing of trilobite by Ray Braun based on information from “Fossil Groups,” University of Bristol, http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/fossilgroups/trilobites/page2.htm.
Figure 1.4b: Trilobite fossil photograph courtesy of Illustra Media. Used with permission.
Figure 1.5: Drawing of tetracoral by Ray Braun based on information from “Convergence,” http://www.znam.bg/com/action/showArticle;jsessionid=FA17A83CDA0EC25151F6B80869F07E49?encID=790&article=2059773460.
Figure 1.6: Drawing of geological timescale by Ray Braun based on information from Mintz, L. W. Historical Geology: The Science of a Dynamic Earth, back page. 2nd ed. Columbus, Charles E. Merrill Publishing, 1977; Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., Ogg, G. M. The Geological Timescale 2012 Volumes 1 and 2. Elsevier, 2012.
Figure 1.7: Drawing by Sir Thomas Dick-Lauder and published in Tyndall, J., “The Parallel Roads of Glen Roy.” In Fragments of Science: A Series of Detached Essays, Addresses, and Reviews, Volume I. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1915. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
Figure 1.8: Drawing by Ray Braun based on information from a fossil exhibit that was on display at the California Academy of Sciences in the 1990s.
Figure 2.1: Photograph of the Burgess Shale © Thomas Kitchin & Victoria Hurst/All Canada Photos/Corbis. Used with permission.
Figure 2.2: Photograph of Charles Doolittle Walcott courtesy of Smithsonian Institution Archives. Image #84–16281. Used with permission.
Figure 2.3a: Drawing of Marrella by Ray Braun based on information from Figure 3.12, Gould, S. J. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History, 114. New York: Norton, 1990.
Figure 2.3b: Photograph of Marrella fossil © User: Smith609 (Own Work) Wikimedia C
ommons CC-BY-SA–3.0. Used with permission; usage not intended to imply endorsement by the author/licensor of the work.
Figure 2.4a: Drawing of Hallucigenia by Ray Braun based on information from Figure 14.6, Xianguang, H., Aldridge, R. J., Bergström, J., Siveter, D. J., Siveter, D. J., and Xiang-hong, F. The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China: The Flowering of Early Animal Life, 88 Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004; Figure 19(b), Conway Morris, S., The Crucible of Creation: The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals, 55. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Figure 2.4b: Photograph of Hallucigenia fossil courtesy of Smithsonian Institution. Used with permission.
Figures 2.5a, 2.5b, and 2.5c: Chart drawn by Ray Braun based on data compiled from references in Chapter 2, Endnote 5.
Figure 2.6: Diagram drawn by Ray Braun based on information from Figure 1, Meyer, S. C., Ross, M., Nelson, P. and Chien, P. “The Cambrian Explosion: Biology’s Big Bang.” In Darwinism, Design and Public Education, edited by John Angus Campbell and Stephen C. Meyer, 325. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2003. Courtesy of Brian Gage.
Figure 2.7: Diagram drawn by Ray Braun based on original drawing by Art Battson. Courtesy of Art Battson.
Figure 2.8: Diagram drawn by Ray Braun based on Figure 1, Wiester, J., and Dehaan, R. F., “The Cambrian Explosion: The Fossil Record and Intelligent Design.” In Signs of Intelligence: Understanding Intelligent Design, 149. William A. Dembski and James M. Kushiner, eds. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2001. Courtesy also of Art Battson.
Figure 2.9a: Drawing of Opabinia by Ray Braun based on information from Figure 3.21, Gould, S. J. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History, 126. New York: Norton, 1990; Figure 173, Briggs, D., Erwin, D., and Collier, F. The Fossils of the Burgess Shale, 210. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
Figure 2.9b: Photograph of Opabinia fossil from Walcott, C. D., “Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata.” Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Volume 57, Number 6 (Publication 2051), City of Washington, Published by the Smithsonian Institution, March 13, 1912. Public Domain.
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