by E. M. Berens
Priapus (pri-a?-pus), 175.
Priests, 191.
Procrustes (pro-crus?-teez), 261.
Prœtus (pree?-tus), 257.
Prometheus (pro-mee?-thuce), 24, 149, 193, 222.
Proserpine (pross?-er-pine), See Persephone.
Protesilaus (pro-tess?-i-la?-us), 290.
Proteus (pro?-tuce), 108.
Prytaneum (prit-a-nee?-um), 49.
Psophis (so?-fiss), 278.
Psyche (si?-ke), 150.
Pylades (pil?-a-deez), 95, 306.
Pylos (pi?-lOs), 286.
Pyracmon (pi-rac?-mon), 16.
Pyrrha (pir?-rah), 22.
Pythia (pith?-e-ah) 195, 269.
Pythian Games, 83.
Python (pi?-thon), 31, 72, 195.
Q.
Quirinus (que-ri?-nus), 115.
R.
Remus (ree?-mus), 114.
Rhadamanthus (rad-a-man?-thus), 34, 134.
Rhamnus (ram?-nus), 142.
Rhamnusia (ram-nu?-zhe-ah), 142.
Rhea (ree?-ah), 13, 18.
Rhoda (ro?-dah), 105.
Rhodes (roads), 105.
Rhodope, Mount (rod?-o-pe), 130.
Rhœtus (ree?-tus), 20.
Robigus (ro-bi?-gus), 180.
Romulus (rom?-u-lus), 114.
S.
Sacrifices, 192.
Sagaris (sag?-a-ris), 19.
Salamis (sal?-a-mis), 285.
Salii (sa?-le-i), 115.
Samos (sa?-mos), 34.
Saturn (sat?-urn), 17, 200.
Saturnalia (sat-ur-na?-le-ah), 200.
Satyrs (sa?-turz), 174, 198.
Scamander (sca-man?-der), 290.
Scheria (skee?-re-ah), 318.
Schœneus (skee?-nuce), 89.
Scyros, island of, (si?-rOs), 268, 287.
Scylla (sil?-lah), 104, 316.
Scyron (si?-ron), 260.
[333] Seasons, 164.
Selene (se-lee?-ne), 86.
Selene-Artemis, 96.
Selli (sel?-li), 29.
Semele (sem?-e-le), 35, 205, 215.
Seriphus (se-ri?-fus), 205.
Servius Tullius (ser?-ve-us tul?-le-us), 184.
Shades, realm of, 267, 314.
Sibyls (sib?-bles), 84.
Silens (si?-lenz), 174.
Silenus (si-lee?-nus), 125, 198.
Silvanus (sil-va?-nus), 115, 182.
Silver Age, 23.
Simois (sim?-o-iss), 290.
Sinnis (sin?-nis), 260.
Sinon (si?-non), 302.
Siphylus (sif?-i-lus), 80.
Sirens (si?-renz), 112, 158, 315.
Sisyphus (sis?-i-fus), 135.
Sol (soll). See Helios.
Solymans (sol?-i-mans), 258.
Somnus (som?-nus). See Hypnus.
Soothsayers, 195.
Sparta, 285.
Sphinx (sfinks), 146.
Stables, Augean (aw-jee?-an), 242.
Statues, 190.
Stellio (stel?-le-o), 57.
Steropes (ster?-o peez, the first e like ei in their), 16.
Stheno (sthee?-no), 144.
Strophius (stro?-fe-us), 306.
Stymphalides (stim-fal?-i-deez), 221, 242.
Styx (sticks), 117, 132, 287.
Symplegades (sim-pleg?-a-deez), 221.
Syrinx (si?-rinks), 172.
Syrtes (sir?-teez), 229.
T.
T?narum (ten?-a-rum), 132, 250.
Talaria (ta-la?-re-ah), 121.
Talus (ta?-lus), 229.
Tantalus (tan?-ta-lus), 134.
Tarquinius Superbus (tar-quin?-e-us su-per?-bus), 84.
Tartarus (tar?-ta-rus), 14, 134.
Taurica Chersonesus (taw?-ri-cah ker-so-nee?-sus), 93, 306.
Tauris (taw?-ris), 93, 306.
Tegea (tee?-je-ah), 279.
Telamon (tel?-a-mon), 216, 253, 285.
Telemachus (tel-lem?-a-cus), 287, 320.
Telephus (tel?-e-fus), 289.
Temenus (tem?-e-nus), 282.
Temples, 188.
Tenedos (ten?-e-dos), 290, 301, 303.
Terminus (ter?-mi-nus), 182.
Terpsichore (terp-sic?-o-re), 159.
Terra (ter?-rah, the e like ei in their), 11.
Tethys (tee?-thiss, th as in both), 107, 166.
Teutamias (tu-ta?-me-ass), 209.
[55]Thalia (tha-li?-ah), 159, 163.
Thallo (thal?-lo), 164.
Thamyris (tham?-i ris), 158.
Thanatos (than?-a-tos), 142.
Thaumas (thaw?-mass), 13, 111, 137.
Thebes (theebs), 203.
Theia (thi?-ah), 13.
Themis (thee?-mis), 31, 48.
Themiscyra (the-mis?-se-rah), 245.
Thermodon (ther-mo?-don), 244.
Thersander (ther-san?-der), 276.
Thersites (ther-si?-teez), 297.
Theseus (thee?-suce), 250, 259.
Thesmophoria (thes-mo-fo?-re-ah), 197.
Thes?saly, 77.
Thestius (thes?-te-us), 33.
Thetis (thee?-tis), 39, 98, 110, 297.
Thyone (thi-o?-ne), 128.
Tiphys (ti?-fiss), 216.
Tiresias (ti-ree?-she-ass), 235, 271, 274, 277, 313.
Tiryns (ti?-rinz), 209, 252.
Tirynth (ti?-rinth), 209, 252.
Tisiphone (ti-sif?-o-ne), 138.
Titanomachia (ti?-tan-o-ma?-ke-ah), 17.
Titans (ti?-tanz), 13.
Tithonus (ti-tho?-nus), 68, 297.
Tityus (tit?-e-us), 134.
Trachin (tra?-kin), 254.
Trachis (tra?-kis), 254.
Trinacria (tri-na?-cre-ah), 316.
Triptolemus (trip-tol?-e-mus), 53.
Triton (tri?-ton), 109.
Trivia (triv?-e-ah), 97.
Trœzen (tree?-zen), 251
Tros (trOss), 157, 246.
Troy, 283.
— walls of, 104.
Tubal-Cain (too?-bal-cane), 101.
Tyche (ti?-ke), 147.
Tydeus (ti?-duce), 272.
Tyndareus (tin-da?-re-us), 285.
Typhœus (ti-fo?-yuce), 21.
Typhon (ti?-fon), 21.
Tyro (ti?-ro), 106.
U.
Uffizi Gallery (oof?-fid-ze), 80.
Ulysses (u-lis?-seez), See Odysseus.
Urania (u-ra?-ne-ah), 159.
Uranus (u?-ra-nus), 11.
V.
Veneralia (ven-e-ra?-le-ah), 61.
[334] Venus (vee?-nus), 61, 183.
— of Milo, 60.
Vertumnus (ver-tum?-nus), 181.
Vesta (ves?-tah), 50, 201.
Vestalia (ves-ta?-le-ah), 59, 201.
Via Salavia (vi?-ah sa-la?-ve-ah), 184.
Victo?ria, 117.
Vulcan, 100.
W.
Winds, 170, 298.
Wooden Horse, 301.
X.
Xuthus (zoo-thus), 210.
Z.
Zephyrus (zef?-i-rus), 151, 171, 310.
Zetes (zee?-teez), 171.
Zethus (zee?-thus), 33.
Zeus (zuce), 26.
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NOTES
[1] The early Greeks supposed the earth to be a flat circle, in the centre of which was Greece. Oceanus, the ocean stream, encircled it; the Mediterranean being supposed to flow into this river on the one side, and the Euxine, or Black Sea, on the other.
[2] Owing to the vagueness of the various accounts of creation, the origin of the primeval gods is variously accounted for. Thus, for instance, Oceanus, with some, becomes the younger brother of Uranus and G?a.
[3] The myth of Cronus swallowing his children is evidently intended by the poets to express the melancholy truth that time destroys all things.
[4] Nectar was the drink, and ambrosia the food of the gods.
[5] The Cyclops are generally mentioned as the sons of Uranus and G?a, but Homer speaks of Polyphemus, the chief of the Cyclops, as the son of Poseidon, and states the Cyclops to be his brothers.
[6] Possibly an image of him placed in readiness.
[7] This age was contemporary with the commencement of the dynasty of Zeus.
[8] Hesiod is said to have lived 850 years before the Christian era, consequently about 200 years after King David. He lived in Bœotia, where his tomb is still shown at Orchomenus. This ancient writer left behind him two great poems, one entitled "The Works and Days," in which he gives us some of the earliest Greek legends, and the other, "The Theogony," containing the genealogies of the gods; but, unfortunately, both these poems have been so interpolated by the writers of the Alexandrian school that they have lost their value as reliable sources of information with regard to the early beliefs of the Greek nation.
[9] Epimetheus signifies after-thought, Prometheus fore-thought.
[10] There are various versions of this myth. According to some the jar or vase was full of all "the ills which flesh is heir to."
[11] From Diaus, the sky.
[12] A sacred shield made for Zeus by Heph?stus, which derived its name from being covered by the skin of the goat Amalthea, the word ?gis signifying goat's-skin.
[13] See Demeter.
[14] This frightful monster had sprung from the slimy and stagnant waters which remained on the surface of the earth after the deluge of Deucalion.
[15] Castor and Pollux were known by the name of the Dioscuri, from dios, gods, and kuroi, youths.
[16] The ancient Greeks attributed much of the subsequent character of an individual to early influences; hence Hera, the future queen and mistress of heaven, is represented as being brought up in a domesticated and orderly household, where home virtues are carefully inculcated.
[17] In the Homeric age peacocks were unknown; it is therefore the later poets who describe Hera surrounded with peacocks, which were brought to Greece from India.
[18] This circumstance has given rise to the erroneous conclusion that Juno presided over the finances of the state, but the word moneta is derived from the Latin monere, which means to warn or admonish.
[19] See Roman Festivals.
[20] The first large ship possessed by the Greeks fit for more than coast navigation.
[21] When Perseus, with the help of Athene, had cut off the head of the Medusa, the two sisters caused a sad dirge-like song to issue from the mouths of the many snakes of which their hair was composed, whereupon Athene, pleased with the sound, imitated the melody on a reed, and thus invented the flute.
[22] For details see Roman Festivals.
[23] See Legend of Troy.
[24] Some, with but little reason, make Demeter the daughter of Uranus and G?a.
[25] Demeter transformed Ascalaphus into an owl for revealing the secret.
[26] The course which the sun ran was considered by the ancients to be a rising and descending curve the centre of which was supposed to be reached by Helios at mid-day.
[27] The river Po.
[28] This great work of antiquity was destroyed by an earthquake fifty-six years after its erection, B.C. 256. The fragments remained on the ground for many centuries, until Rhodes was conquered by the Turks, and they were eventually sold by one of the generals of Caliph Othman IV. to a merchant of Emesa for ?36,000, A.D. 672.
[29] According to some authorities, Strymon.
[30] This wonderful lyre, which had been given to Apollo by Hermes (Mercury) in exchange for the Caduceus or rod of wealth, is said to have possessed such extraordinary powers, that it caused a stone, upon which it was laid, to become so melodious, that ever afterwards, on being touched, it emitted a musical sound which resembled that produced by the lyre itself.
[31] Arist?us was worshipped as a rural divinity in various parts of Greece, and was supposed to have taught mankind how to catch bees, and to utilize honey and wax.
[32] Astr?a was the daughter of the Titans Cœus and Phœbe. Perses was son of the Titans Crios and Eurybia.
[33] Called also Anaitis-Aphroditis.
[34] This occurred during the night Alexander the Great was born.
[35] Another version with regard to the origin of this defect, is that being born ugly and deformed, his mother Hera, disgusted at his unsightliness, herself threw him violently from her lap, and it was then that his leg was broken, producing the lameness from which he suffered ever after. On this occasion he fell into the sea, and was saved by the sea-nymphs Thetis and Eurynome, who kept him for nine years in a cavern beneath the ocean, where he made for them, in gratitude for their kindness, several beautiful ornaments, and trinkets of rare workmanship.
[36] According to some accounts Chares was the wife of Heph?stus.
[37] The trident resembled the arrow-headed pronged fork, used by the fishermen of the Mediterranean Sea in the eel-fishery.
[38] Scylla is a dangerous rock, much dreaded by mariners, in the Straits of Messina.
[39] The island of Rhodes owes its name to her.
[40] It is worthy of notice that the sons of Poseidon were, for the most part, distinguished by great force and turbulence of character, in keeping with the element over which their father was the presiding deity. They were giants in power, and intractable, fiery, and impatient by nature, spurning all efforts to control them; in all respects, therefore, fitting representatives of their progenitor, the mighty ruler of the sea.
[41] A cubit is the length from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger, and therefore an indefinite measure, but modern usage takes it as representing a length of seventeen to eighteen inches.
[42] On the Egyptian coast.
[43] See Legend of the Argonauts.
[44] His two sons Deimos and Phobos.
