by Barry Miles
23. Morgan, tape 31.
24. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 18, 1952.
25. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, November 5, 1952.
26. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 6, 1952.
27. Jack Kerouac to John Clellon Holmes, December 9, 1952.
Chapter Twenty
1. “Trip to Hell and Back,” WSB interviewed by Jerry Bauer in Trax (London), no. 6 (March 18, 1981).
2. Ibid.
3. WSB, Junky: The Definitive Text of “Junk,” 153.
4. Benjamin Ivry, Arthur Rimbaud (Bath, UK: Absolute, 1998).
5. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 10, 1953.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 19, 1953.
7. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 15, 1953.
8. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 25, 1953.
9. Christopher Isherwood, The Condor and the Cows, 46.
10. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 25, 1953.
11. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 30, 1953.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 28, 1953.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Morgan, tape 13.
19. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 28, 1953.
20. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, April 15, 1953.
21. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, April 22, 1953.
22. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, April 30, 1953.
23. WSB, The Yage Letters, 38.
24. Morgan, tape 13.
25. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, May 12, 1953.
26. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, May 30, 1953.
27. WSB, The Yage Letters, 40.
28. WSB, Cities of the Red Night, 151.
29. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, May 15, 1953.
30. Morgan, tape 12.
31. Ibid.
32. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 8, 1953.
33. Ibid.
34. Morgan, tape 12.
35. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, early July 1953.
36. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 10, 1953.
37. Ibid.
Chapter Twenty-One
1. Alan Ansen, The Table Talk of W. H. Auden (London: Faber & Faber, 1991), 80–81.
2. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 21, 1953.
3. WSB, Everything Lost: The Latin American Notebook of William S. Burroughs, 145.
4. Ibid., 185–86.
5. Ibid., 183.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 8, 1953.
7. Allen Ginsberg to Neal Cassady, September 1953.
8. Michael Harrington, “ ‘A San Remo Type’: The Vanishing Village,” Village Voice vol. 16, no. 1 (January 7, 1971).
9. Boris Vian, Manual of Saint-Germain-des-Prés.
10. See Edmund White, Genet, 586.
11. Morgan, tape 20.
12. WSB interviewed by Allen Ginsberg, in Burroughs Live: Collected Interviews, 807.
13. Barry Miles, Allen Ginsberg: A Biography, 155–56.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Wilhelm Reich, Cosmic Superimposition (Rangeley, ME: Wilhelm Reich Foundation, 1951), 50.
17. WSB, Queer, 36.
18. WSB, Interzone, 137.
19. Ibid.
20. The subject of a number of conversations with the author, Cherry Valley, NY, 1969–71.
21. Gay Sunshine, no. 16 (January 1973).
22. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, March 23, 1973.
23. Jeffrey Scott Dunn, “A Conversation: Ginsberg on Burroughs,” Pennsylvania Review, (Fall/Winter 1987): 41.
24. Miles, Ginsberg: A Biography, 156.
25. Jack Kerouac to Allen Ginsberg, February 21, 1953.
26. Morgan, tape 39.
27. WSB to Jack Kerouac, December 14, 1953.
28. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 24, 1953.
29. Ibid.
30. Alan Ansen [and WSB] to Allen Ginsberg, January 2, 1954.
Chapter Twenty-Two
1. Carson McCullers, “Look Homeward, Americans,” Vogue, December 1, 1940.
2. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 26, 1954.
3. Ibid.
4. Morgan, tape 15.
5. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 20, 1954.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 9, 1954.
7. WSB, “Some Memories, Unclarified drafts,” 1990 (unpublished).
8. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 9, 1954.
9. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 18, 1954.
10. David Woolman, Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press), 1968.
11. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, March 1, 1954.
12. Morgan, tape 31.
13. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 10, 1955.
14. WSB, The Naked Lunch, “Black Meat” section, 59.
15. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 10, 1955.
16. Alan Ansen papers, in Ted Morgan papers, Arizona State University, Tempe.
17. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, March 1, 1954.
18. Rupert Croft-Cooke, The Caves of Hercules, 33.
19. Morgan, tape 29.
20. WSB, The Place of Dead Roads, 174.
21. Brian Howard to John Banting, [March?] 1954. Marie-Jaqueline Lancaster, Brian Howard: Portrait of a Failure, 310.
22. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, March 1, 1954.
23. Morgan, tape 43.
24. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, April 7, 1954.
25. Morgan, tape 25.
26. WSB to Jack Kerouac, April 22, 1954.
27. Ibid.
Chapter Twenty-Three
1. WSB, Early Routines, 28–29.
2. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 15, 1954.
3. WSB to Jack Kerouac, April 22, 1954.
4. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, May 11, 1954.
5. A British public school is what is known as a prep school or boarding school in the United States.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, June 16, 1954.
7. WSB, Naked Lunch, 280.
8. Morgan, tape 43.
9. WSB to Jack Kerouac, April 22, 1954.
10. Ibid.
11. WSB to Jack Kerouac, May 4, 1954.
12. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, May 11, 1954.
13. Allen Ginsberg to Neal Cassidy, [May 1954].
14. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 3, 1954.
15. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 8, 1954.
16. Morgan, tape 41.
17. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 10, 1954.
18. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 8, 1954.
19. WSB, Queer, 16.
20. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, April 22, 1953.
21. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, April 26, 1954.
22. Ibid.
23. WSB, Interzone, 38.
24. WSB to Jack Kerouac, August 18, 1954.
25. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 18, 1954.
26. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 26, 1954.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Morgan, tape 15.
30. Harold Norse interviewed by Winston Leyland, in Gay Sunshine, no. 18 (June 1973).
31. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 18, 1954.
Chapter Twenty-Four
1. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 30, 1954.
2. WSB to Jack Kerouac, September 3, 1954.
3. Alan Ansen papers, in Ted Morgan papers, Arizona State University, Tempe.
4. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 13, 1954.
5. Ibid.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 15, 1954.
7. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 7, 1956.
8. Possibly 62 Bab el Assa, place de la Kasbah.
9. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 21, 1955.
10. WSB, Interzone, 49.
11. Rupert Croft-Cooke, The Caves of Hercules, 84.
12. Morgan, tape 33.
13. WSB, The Place of Dead Roads, 197.
14. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 7, 1954.
15. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, April 7, 1954.
16. Arthur Rimbaud, “The Bridges.”
17. WSB to All
en Ginsberg, December 6, 1954.
18. WSB to Jack Kerouac, December 7, 1954.
19. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 13, 1954.
20. WSB, Naked Lunch, 150.
21. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 30, 1954.
22. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 7, 1955.
23. As explained by WSB to Frank Zappa before the latter read the “Talking Asshole” routine at the Nova Convention, New York, December 2, 1978.
24. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 7, 1955.
25. WSB to Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, November 2, 1955.
26. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, November 1, 1955.
27. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, May 17, 1955.
28. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 5, 1955.
29. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 3, 1955.
30. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 21, 1955.
31. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 7, 1955.
32. WSB to Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, October 23, 1955.
33. WSB, The Naked Lunch, 48; WSB, Doctor Benway, 51–55.
34. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 23, 1955.
35. Ibid.
36. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 1, 1955.
37. WSB interviewed by Bill Rich, April 23, 1991.
38. Outtake “Coke Bugs” section of Naked Lunch, in the appendix of the revised text edition, 280.
39. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 20, 1957; WSB, My Education, 68.
40. WSB, Nova Express (Panther edition), 28.
41. Ibid., 32.
Chapter Twenty-Five
1. Outtake “Coke Bugs” section of Naked Lunch, in the appendix of the restored text edition, 280.
2. “Trip to Hell and Back,” WSB interviewed by Jerry Bauer in Trax (London), no. 6 (March 18, 1981).
3. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, May 8, 1956.
4. WSB, Cities of the Red Night, 217, and My Education, 162.
5. WSB, Last Words, 3.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, June 18, 1956.
7. Ibid.
8. WSB, The Place of Dead Roads, 186.
9. Ralph Rumney, The Consul, 36.
10. Alan Ansen to Allen Ginsberg, n.d.
11. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 13, 1956.
12. Ibid.
13. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 16, 1956.
14. Ibid.
15. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 13, 1956.
16. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 16, 1956.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Morgan, tape 15.
21. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 29, 1956.
22. Paul Bowles, “Burroughs in Tangier,” Big Table (Chicago), no. 2 (1959).
23. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 29, 1956.
24. Gena Dagel Caponi, ed., Conversations with Paul Bowles, 88.
25. Paul Bowles, In Touch: The Letters of Paul Bowles, 45.
26. Paul Bowles to Aaron Copland, February 1933.
27. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 9, 1954.
28. Tennessee Williams, Tennessee Williams’ Letters to Donald Windham, 1940–1965 (New York: Henry Holt, 1977).
29. Paul Bowles, “Interview with Simon Bischoff, Tangier 1989–1991,” in Bischoff, ed., “How Could I Send a Picture into the Desert?”: Paul Bowles Photographs, 227.
30. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 16, 1956.
31. Morgan, tape 15.
32. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 13, 1956.
33. Ibid.
34. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 20, 1956.
35. William Lithgow, The Total Discourse of the Rare Adventures and Painful Peregrinations of Long Nineteen Years Travayles (1632).
36. Tahar ben Jelloun, Leaving Tangier, 33–34.
37. WSB, Naked Lunch, 102.
38. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 29, 1956. (“Surely a history for men, a song of strength for men, like a shudder from afar of space shaking an iron tree.” T. S. Eliot’s translation, Saint-John Perse, Anabasis, section 6.)
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Mohamed Choukri, In Tangier, 169–70.
42. Morgan, tape 31.
43. WSB, The Wild Boys, 140.
44. Morgan Bowles, tape 9.
45. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, December 20, 1956.
Chapter Twenty-Six
1. WSB, Interzone, “Ginsberg Notes,” 119.
2. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 13, 1956.
3. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 29, 1956.
4. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 23, 1957.
5. Paul Bowles, ms. in WSB archives.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 18, 1954.
7. WSB, Interzone, “Ginsberg Notes,” 119.
8. Colonel Gerald Richardson, Crime Zone, 162–63.
9. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 13, 1956.
10. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 23, 1957.
11. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 13, 1956.
12. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 14, 1957.
13. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 14, 1957.
14. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 31, 1957.
15. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, January 14, 1957.
16. Jack Kerouac to Malcolm Cowley, March 8, 1957.
17. Jack Kerouac, Desolation Angels, 315.
18. Ibid.
19. Morgan, tape 18.
20. Kerouac, Desolation Angels, 316.
21. Paul Bowles, “Burroughs in Tangier,” Big Table (Chicago), no. 2 (1959).
22. Iain Finlayson, Tangier: City of the Dream, 214.
23. Kerouac, Desolation Angels, 317.
24. Morgan, tape 15.
25. Kerouac, Desolation Angels, 320.
26. Morgan, tape 40.
27. This is in essence Paul Bowles’s recipe. Ian Sommerville told the author that Burroughs “used Paul’s recipe.”
28. Jack Kerouac, Lonesome Traveller, 144.
29. Morgan, tape 40.
30. Morgan, tape 31.
31. Morgan, tape 22; BBC Arena interview Bacon/Burroughs transcript.
32. Morgan, tape 18.
33. Morgan, tape 15.
34. WSB, Interzone, “Ginsberg Notes,” 126.
Chapter Twenty-Seven
1. WSB, Naked Lunch: The Restored Text, 25.
2. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 20, 1957.
3. Morgan, tape 10.
4. Morgan, tape 31.
5. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 20, 1957.
6. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 24, 1957.
7. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 28, 1957.
8. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, September 20, 1957.
9. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 8, 1957.
10. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, October 19, 1957.
11. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, November 26, 1957.
12. Ibid.
Chapter Twenty-Eight
1. WSB on Mme. Rachou; interviewed by the author, Lawrence, Kansas, July 6, 1996.
2. WSB, “Foreword to Beat Hotel,” in Harold Chapman, The Beat Hotel.
3. Ibid.
4. WSB, The Place of Dead Roads, 255.
5. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky, January 20, 1958.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky, January 28, 1958.
10. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky, February 24, 1958.
11. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, February 3, 1958.
12. This is a word made up by Gold for the book. Words such as “mark” and “grifter” were in common use in the carney world, and Burroughs either knew them from rolling drunks on the subway with Phil White, or read them in the extensive glossary appended to David W. Maurer, The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man and the Confidence Trick (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1940).
13. Herbert Gold, Bohemia: Where Art, Angst, Love and Strong Coffee Meet, 132–33.
14. Gregory Corso to Don Allen, March 27, 1968.
15. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky, February 24
, 1958.
16. Ibid.
17. Graham Seidman, “Tales from the Beat Hotel’, August 7, 2003, http://www.litkicks.com/BeatHotel (accessed February 2012).
18. Baird Bryant, “Souvenirs of the Beat Hotel,” 2003, http://www.kerouacfest.com/currentpage/souvenirs.htm (accessed January 2012). In this text Bryant claims to have been introduced to Jack Kerouac by Allen Ginsberg in Paris, and gives sample dialogue, but Kerouac and Ginsberg were never in Paris together. Though Bryant and Burroughs did certainly know each other, his memoir should be treated more as a work of fiction than of fact.
19. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky, February 24, 1958.
20. WSB, scrapbook started July 5, 1972, 126.
21. WSB, Port of Saints, 49.
22. WSB, Exterminator!, 40–41; J.S. is probably Jacques Stern.
23. Author interview with Jean-Jacques Lebel, September 17, 1998, Paris.
24. Ibid.
25. “Interview with Kenneth Tindall: From Bellevue to Lynaes; An Interview by Lars Movin,” http://www.emptymirrorbooks.com/beat/kenneth-tindall.html (accessed July 2012).
26. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky, April 1, 1958.
27. Jean-Jacques Lebel interviewed by the author, Paris, September 17, 1998.
Chapter Twenty-Nine
1. Morgan, tape 20.
2. Allen Ginsberg to Peter Orlovsky, June 15, 1958.
3. Morgan, tape 20.
4. Jacques Stern interviewed by Victor Bockris and Stewart Meyer, November 5, 2001 (unpublished).
5. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 24, 1958.
6. Brasserie Lipp and M. Cazes inspired the “Chez Robert” routine in The Naked Lunch.
7. Morgan, tape 64.
8. Jacques Stern interviewed by Victor Bockris and Stewart Meyer, November 5, 2001 (unpublished).
9. Morgan, tape 20.
10. Morgan, tape 22.
11. Morgan, tape 64.
12. Saint-John Perse, Anabasis (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1949 [1938]), 47, 51.
13. Allen Ginsberg interviewed by the author, New York, 1985.
14. Ibid.
15. Gregory Corso to Don Allen, July 21, 1958.
16. Gael Turnbull, “Extracts from a Journal,” Mica, no. 5 (Winter 1962) (Santa Barbara, CA).
17. Allen Ginsberg to Jack Kerouac, June 26, 1958.
18. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, n.d. [July 1958].
19. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, July 24, 1958.
20. Ibid.
21. Jack Kerouac to Allen Ginsberg, June 29, 1963.
22. WSB to Allen Ginsberg, August 25, 1958.
23. Gregory Corso to Allen Ginsberg, October 8, 1958. “PG” is paregoric.
24. Ibid.
Chapter Thirty
1. Terry Wilson, “Brion Gysin: A Biography/Appreciation,” RE/Search 4/5 (1982) (San Francisco).
2. WSB, Last Words, 67.
3. Brion Gysin, “Points of Order,” in Terry Wilson, Here to Go: Planet R-101 (San Francisco: RE/Search, 1982), xv.
