Water Popes, 95, 199
waterpower: as competitive advantage, 149, 154, 281, 469–71. See also specific forms
water pricing, 378–80, 397, 442, 448, 452–54, 457; market valuation and, 380, 451, 469, 485, 490, 491
water productivity, 448, 449–86; efficient use and, 363, 406–8, 424, 425, 452, 455–59, 471–74, 480–81, 485; incentives for, 456; industry and, 469–72; recycling and, 264, 406, 407, 451, 456–60, 470
water scarcity, 4–5, 101, 384–417, 489; equitable access and, 486; four general responses to, 381–82; historical growth/decline cycles and, 362–63; human aspect of, 412, 421, 485, 492–96; industrial democracies and, 380–81, 474–86; major geographical areas of, 372–73, 375, 382; mismangement and, 376–77, 424, 427, 442, 448; pragmatic solutions for, 491–92; promising principles and, 485–86; seasonal variations and, 374, 375; unpredictable events and, 37, 422, 483–84; violence over, 335, 371–72, 380, 402, 415, 428, 433–34, 482
water sharing, 342–43, 395, 400, 401
water shocks, 483–84
water trading, 456, 474
water wars, 44, 412
waterwheel, 17, 25, 50, 84–85, 188, 224–27, 245, 267, 281, 285; European impact of, 168–71; factory system transition from, 221–22; industrial uses for, 34, 85, 149, 157, 166–71, 211, 212; invention of, 167, 488; Islamic world and, 144–45, 146, 149; mining and, 213, 217, 299–300; noria as precursor of, 34, 167; steam power effect on, 227; vertical, 84, 107, 167; water pumps and, 255. See also gristmills
watt (energy unit), 219
Watt, James, 1–2, 17, 23, 74, 219–21, 222, 223–24, 225, 226, 229, 254, 288, 476, 478
Wazzani Springs, 405
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 180, 217
weirs, 42, 164
wells, 54, 296, 385, 423, 434
Wen Jiabao, 419
West Bank, 401, 402, 412; groundwater rights and, 403–4, 407–8; map of, 386
westerlies, 178, 186
West Indies. See Caribbean Sea
wetlands, 10, 276, 352; destruction of, 372, 435, 439, 472, 476; restoration of, 450, 462
wet rice. See rice
whaling, 280
wheat. See grain
wheel, 37, 49, 161. See also waterwheel
Whitehead, Robert, 233
White Nile, 237, 238, 395; sources of, 28, 387, 388
Whitney, Eli, 283
Wilhelm II, Emperor, 305
Wilkinson, John, 219, 220, 223, 226
William III, King, 204
Wilson, Woodrow, 315, 318, 319
Windhoek (Namibia), 458
winds, 178, 180, 185–86, 190
wine, 60, 64, 66, 70, 79, 106, 253
Wittfogel, Karl A., 24, 25
women’s rights, 46, 494
women workers, 222, 284
wood charcoal, 213, 281
Woolley, Leonard, 42–43
World Bank, 240, 372, 395, 426, 429, 482; on Chinese pollution, 440–41; giant dam programs and, 420; water scarcity warnings and, 418–19
World Commission on Dams, 420, 486
World Commission for Water in the 21st Century, 372
World War I, 232–33, 239, 258, 305, 307, 319
World War II, 209–10, 239, 459; sea power and, 70, 232, 233, 320; U.S. defense industry and, 340–41, 343
World Water Development Report, 356
World Water Forum (2003), 486
Xerxes, 51, 67, 68, 69, 184
Xia dynasty, 100, 101
Xiamen, 439
X’ian, 108
Yamnua River, 425
Yangtze River, 2, 28, 97, 100, 102, 103, 117, 118–19; British steamers and, 124; flooding of, 125, 436–37, 439; Grand Canal and, 111, 113; length/characteristics of, 98; Magic Canal and, 105; Mississippi compared with, 274; overtaxing of, 446; reengineering of, 436, 439, 442–44, 446; shipping on, 114; shrinkage of, 426, 439; source of, 443; Three Gorges Dam and, 359, 437–39
Yarmuk River, 402
Yarmuk River, Battle of (636), 131, 403
yellow fever, 251, 262, 263, 278, 296; eradication of, 310, 316–17
Yellow River, 2, 14, 24, 52, 96, 102, 103, 108, 115, 116, 275, 432–36, 444, 487; dike-break fatalities and, 125; disastrous course changes in, 110, 118, 119, 125; floodplain control and, 100; Grand Canal and, 111, 119; irrigation project and, 195–96; length/characteristics of, 98; Magic Canal and, 105; reengineering of, 361, 433–36; shrinkage of, 426, 433–34, 435; source of, 435, 443
Yellow Sea, 98
Yemen, 58, 129, 415
yeoman farmers, 3, 274, 322, 325, 327, 328
York River, 272, 273
Yorktown, Battle of (1781), 206, 270, 272–73
Yuan dynasty, 118, 119, 122
Yu the Great, 100, 101, 103, 432
Zaccaria, Benedetto, 174–76, 179
Zagros Mountains, 39
Zambezi River, 126
Zanzibar, 183, 190
Zhou dynasty, 101, 102
Zi’an, 103
ziggurat temples, 37, 41, 50
Zimmermann Telegram, 233
Zipingpu dam reservoir, 439
Zoellick, Robert, 482
Zola, Émile, 236
Zuider Zee, 479
About the Author
STEVEN SOLOMON is a journalist who has written for The New York Times, Business Week, The Economist, Forbes, and Esquire, and has commented on NPR’s Marketplace. He is also the author of The Confidence Game. Solomon lives in Washington, D.C.
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Credits
Jacket photograph © Lester Lefkowitz/Getty Images
Jacket design by Jarrod Taylor
Maps by Brittany Watson
Copyright
WATER. Copyright © 2010 by Steven Solomon. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Solomon, Steven.
Water : the epic struggle for wealth, power, and civilization/Steven Solomon.–1st ed.
p. cm.
Summary: “A narrative account of how water has shaped human society from the ancient past to the present”–Provided by publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-06-054830-8 (hardback)
1. Water and civilization. I. Title
CB482.S65 2010
553.7–dc22 2009027500
EPub Edition © November 2009 ISBN: 978-0-06-199478-4
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Power;Civilization Water: The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Steven Solomon
Steven Solomon Page 72
