64. Cited in Harmon, ‘Are We Beasts?’ 5.
65. Ibid.
66. Herman S. Wolk, Cataclysm: General Hap Arnold and the Defeat of Japan (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2010), 53.
67. Harmon, ‘Are We Beasts?’ 4.
68. Ibid.
69. Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 35.
70. Ibid., 35, 37.
71. Matthew 5.43–45.
72. Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 224.
73. ‘August 10, 1941: Churchill and Roosevelt Pray Together’, World War II Today; http://ww2today.com/10th-august-1941-churchill-and-roosevelt-pray-together.
74. Mary Soames, A Daughter’s Tale: The Memoir of Winston Churchill’s Youngest Child (New York: Random House, 2011), 6.
75. Matthew 6.19–21.
76. Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 308.
77. Ibid., 292–3.
78. Ibid., 311.
79. Winston Churchill, quoted in Kenneth W. Thompson, Winston Churchill’s World View (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983), 9.
80. Winston Churchill, keynote address at MIT Mid-Century Convocation, (Cambridge, MA, 31 March 1949). The full text of this speech can be found online at https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/midcentury/mid-cent-churchill.html.
81. Churchill, ‘The Defence of Freedom and Peace (The Lights Are Going Out)’.
CHAPTER 7: PRESERVING A ‘CERTAIN WAY OF LIFE’
1. Winston S. Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, Volume 1: The Birth of Britain (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1956), 120, 122.
2. Ibid., 122.
3. Ibid., 121. Churchill’s attribution for this quote is as follows: ‘Quoted in Hodgkin, History of the Anglo-Saxons, p. 609’.
4. Ibid., again quoting from Hodgkin.
5. Matthew 12.35.
6. Edmund Burke, quoted in Drew Maciag, Edmund Burke in America: The Contested Career of the Father of Modern Conservatism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013), 133.
7. Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1932), 310.
8. Darrell Holley, Churchill’s Literary Allusions (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1987), 7. Italics in the original.
9. Ibid.
10. Paul Addison, Churchill: The Unexpected Hero (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 217.
11. Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 293.
12. Ibid., 304.
13. Ibid., 288.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., 294.
16. Ibid.
17. Richard M. Langworth, ed., Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations (New York: Public Affairs, 2008), 76.
18. Ibid., 75.
19. Ibid., 91.
20. Kenneth W. Thompson, Winston Churchill’s World View: Statesmanship and Power, (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983), 67.
21. Winston Churchill, ‘Army Reform’, speech to the House of Commons (London, 13 May 1901). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1901-1914-rising-star/army-reform.
22. Ibid.
23. Winston Churchill, ‘War of the Unknown Warriors’, BBC broadcast, 14 July 1940. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/war-of-the-unknown-warriors.
24. Winston Churchill, The Story of the Malakand Field Force (Mineola, NY: Dover, 2010), 29.
25. Ibid.
26. Edmund Burke, ‘Reflections on the Revolution in France’ (1790), in Burke, Select Works (Oxford: Clarendon, 1888), vol. 2, 290–1.
27. Winston Churchill, ‘War of the Unknown Warriors’, BBC broadcast, 14 July 1940. The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/war-of-the-unknown-warriors.
28. Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 76.
29. Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, 283.
30. Patrick Sawer, ‘Sir Winston Churchill’s family feared he might convert to Islam’, The Telegraph, 28 December 2014, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/11314580/Sir-Winston-Churchill-s-family-feared-he-might-convert-to-Islam.html.
31. Warren Dockter, Churchill and the Islamic World (London: I. B. Tauris, 2015), 12.
32. Winston Spencer Churchill, The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan (London: Longmans, Green, 1899), vol. 2, 248–50.
33. Ibid.
34. Spencer Warren, ‘In the Ranks of Honor’, review of Winston S. Churchill: Finest Hour, 1939–1941, by Martin Gilbert, Commentary, 1 July 1984, www.commentary magazine.com/article/winston-s-churchill-finest-hour-1939-1941-by-martin-gilbert.
35. Joshua 1.9.
36. Barbara W. Tuchman, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World before the War, 1890–1914, trade paperback edition (New York: Random House, 2014), xv.
37. Ibid., 33–4.
38. Winston S. Churchill, Amid These Storms: Thoughts and Adventures (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1932), 76–7.
39. Frederic Morton, A Nervous Splendor: Vienna, 1888/1889 (New York: Penguin, 1979).
40. Ibid., 17–18.
41. Ibid., 9.
42. Ibid., 11.
43. Ibid.
44. Winston Churchill, ‘Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 13 May 1940). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/blood-toil-tears-and-sweat.
45. Tim Townsend, Mission at Nuremberg: An American Army Chaplain and the Trial of the Nazis (New York: HarperLuxe, 2014), 193.
46. Ibid., 200.
47. Ibid., 199.
48. Colonel Burton C. Andrus, letter to the San Diego Commandery of the Masonic Order of the Knights Templar, cited in Townsend, Mission at Nuremberg, 98. Andrus also wrote his own account of the Nuremberg trials: I Was the Nuremberg Jailer (New York: Coward-McCann, 1969).
49. Townsend, Mission at Nuremberg, 153.
50. ‘Churchill on War Crimes Trials’, Opinio Juris, 23 January 2006. Retrieved from http://lawofnations.blogspot.com/2006/01/churchill-on-war-crimes-trials_23.html.
CHAPTER 8: HITLER AND ‘PERVERTED SCIENCE’
1. Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 35–6.
2. Winston Churchill, ‘Their Finest Hour’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 18 June 1940). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/their- finest-hour.
3. Winston S. Churchill, ‘Never Despair’ (speech to the House of Commons, London, 1 March 1955).
4. See, for example, James Hannam, God’s Philosophers: How the Medieval World Laid the Foundations of Modern Science (London: Icon Books, 2009).
5. Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970), 96.
6. Churchill, Gathering Storm, 50.
7. Christa Schroeder, He Was My Chief: The Memoirs of Adolf Hitler’s Secretary (Barnsley, UK: Frontline Books, 2009), Kindle edition.
8. Richard Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), x.
9. Ibid., 11.
10. Richard Goldschmidt, Portraits from Memory (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1956), 34. Cited in Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler, 11.
11. Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler, 11.
12. Ibid., 196.
13. Richard Weikart, ‘The Origins of Social Darwinism in Germany, 1859–1895’, Journal of the History of Ideas, July 1993, 469.
14. Richard Weikart, ‘A Recently Discovered Darwin Letter on Social Darwinism’, Isis 86 (1995): 609–11; www.csustan.edu/sites/default/files/History/Faculty/Weikart/Recently-Discovered-Darwin-Letter.pd.
15. John Lukacs, Five Days in London: May 1940 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 56.
16. Ibid., 58
17. Ibi
d., 57.
18. Ibid., 58.
19. See Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1941), 406.
20. Churchill, Gathering Storm, 37.
21. James Hannam, God’s Philosophers (London: Icon, 2009), 340–1.
22. Ibid., 337–42.
23. Ibid, 336.
24. Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler, 212.
25. Ibid.
26. Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 1.
27. Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler, 31.
28. Friedlander, Origins of Nazi Genocide, 81.
29. Winston Churchill, ‘Fifty Years Hence, 1931’, www.nationalchurchillmuseum.org/fifty-years-hence.html.
30. Jenn Selby, ‘Richard Dawkins on babies with Down Syndrome’, The Independent, 20 August 2014, www.independent.co.uk/news/people/richard-dawkins-on-babies-with-down-syndrome-abort-it-and-try-again-it-would-be-immoral-to-bring-it-into-the-world-9681549.html.
31. M. D. Aeschliman, ‘Theodor Haecker’, Crisis Magazine, 9 April 2012.
32. Ibid.
33. Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler, 33.
34. François Genoud, ed., The Testament of Adolf Hitler: The Hitler-Bormann Documents, February–April, 1945, trans. R. H. Stevens (London: Icon, 1962). Cited in Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler, 213.
35. Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1932), 295.
36. Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 520.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid., 520–1.
39. Elizabeth Nel, Mr. Churchill’s Secretary (New York: Coward-McCann, 1958), 82.
40. Winston Churchill, ‘Fifty Years Hence, 1931’.
41. Ibid.
42. Ian Kershaw, Hitler: A Biography (New York: WW Norton, 2008), 661.
43. Alfred Grotjahn, quoted in Weikart, From Darwin to Hitler, 12. (In general, positivism is the theory that any assertion that claims to be rational can be verified scientifically, logically, or mathematically. Theism – truth based on deity and revelation – is considered invalid as a source of rational truth. Social-legal positivism holds that there is no absolute truth that might restrain the laws of a particular society, but rather that judgements are authoritative in the context of prevailing culture and precedent.)
44. Charles Taylor, A Secular Age (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2007), 18.
45. ‘Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis: the Patron of the Arts’, in Teresa G. Frisch, Gothic Art 1140–c. 1450: Sources and Documents (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987), 7.
46. Psalm 8.3–5, NIV.
47. John Polkinghorne, Exploring Reality: The Intertwining of Science and Religion (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005), 5.
48. Isaac Newton, letter to Robert Hooke, 5 February 1676. Cited in James Hannam, God’s Philosophers, 1.
49. Austin L. Hughes, ‘The Folly of Scientism’, The New Atlantis: A Journal of Technology & Society, no. 37, Fall 2012, www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-folly-of-scientism.
50. Ibid.
51. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 165.
52. Ibid., 357.
53. Genesis 11.4, NIV.
54. Josef Goebbels, diary entry, 8 May 1943. Cited in Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 160. Exactly two years after he wrote this entry, Germany surrendered.
55. Barbara Tuchman, The Proud Tower, trade paperback edition (New York: Random House, 2014), 323, 326.
56. Ibid., 278.
57. Tim Townsend, Mission at Nuremberg: An American Army Chaplain and the Trial of the Nazis (New York: HarperLuxe, 2014), 11. Italics added.
CHAPTER 9: HITLER AND THE CORRUPTION OF THE CHURCH
1. Quoted in ‘Martin Niemöller: “First they came for the Socialists …”’. Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007392.
2. Ibid.
3. Charles Colson, Kingdoms in Conflict (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 138.
4. Ibid., 140.
5. Eric Metaxas, Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2010), 193.
6. Christa Schroeder, He Was My Chief: The Memoirs of Adolf Hitler’s Secretary (Barnsley, UK: Frontline Books, 2009), Kindle edition.
7. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1941), 675–6.
8. Max Domarus, ed., Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, 1932–1945, trans. Mary Fran Gilbert (Wauconda, IL: Bolchazi-Carducci, 1990), 1451.
9. Metaxas, Bonhoeffer, 185.
10. Ibid.
11. ‘Introduction to the Theological Declaration of Barmen’, Book of Confessions, study edition (Louisville, KY: Geneva Press, 1996), 303.
12. H. Fischer-Hüllstrung, cited in Metaxas, Bonhoeffer, 532.
13. Hans Kerrl, cited in William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1959), 239.
14. Ibid.
15. Bruce Walker, ‘Christian Opposition to Nazi Anti-Semitism,’ American Thinker, 19 November 2007.
16. Albert Einstein, quoted in Ernst Christian Helmreich, The German Churches under Hitler: Background, Struggle, and Epilogue (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1979), 345. Some have denied that Einstein made this statement, but the fact that his words were published widely in Time magazine (23 December 1940) and other media, without Einstein’s refutation, would support its accuracy.
17. Romans 13.1–2, RSV.
18. Romans 13.3–5, RSV.
19. See Isaiah 14.12–17; Ezekiel 28.14–19.
20. Winston Churchill, ‘Fifty Years Hence, 1931,’ www.nationalchurchillmuseum.org/fifty-years-hence.html.
21. Kenneth W. Thompson, Winston Churchill’s World View: Statesmanship and Power (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983), 43. Thompson cites the following source for this quote from Churchill: London Times, 17 September 1951, 4.
22. Jim Collins, Good to Great and the Social Sectors: A Monograph to Accompany Good to Great (Boulder, CO: Jim Collins, 2005), 12–13. Italics in the original.
23. Authors’ abridgement and paraphrase of Exodus 20.2–4, 7–8, 12–17.
CHAPTER 10: NAZISM AND THE GERMAN DISASTER
1. Mary Eberstadt, How the West Really Lost God: A New Theory of Secularization (West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2013), 4. Italics in the original.
2. Samuel P. Huntington, Who Are We? The Challenge to America’s National Identity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 107, 138.
3. Theodore Dalrymple, Our Culture, What’s Left of It: The Mandarins and the Masses (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2005), 7.
4. Ibid., x.
5. Ibid., 8.
6. Ibid., 8.
7. Margaret Thatcher, speech to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (Assembly Hall, Edinburgh, 21 May 1988). The full text of this speech can be found online at www.margaretthatcher.org/document/107246.
8. David Cameron, ‘My faith in the Church of England’, Church Times, 16 April 2014, http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2014/17-april/comment/opinion/my-faith-in-the-church-of-england.
9. Galatians 4.4, ESV.
10. Will Durant, Heroes of History: A Brief History of Civilization from Ancient Times to the Dawn of the Modern Age (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 19.
11. Matthew 13.7.
12. Johann Sebastian Bach, quoted in Gregory Wilbur, Glory and Honor: The Music and Artistic Legacy of Johann Sebastian Bach (Nashville: Cumberland House, 2005), 1.
13. Charles Burney, quoted in Richard Taruskin, Music in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 363.
14. Ibid., 642.
15. Calvin R. Stapert, ‘To the Glory of God Alone’, Christian History, issue 95, 7 July 2007, www.christianitytoday.com/ch/2007/issue95/1.8.html?start=5.
16. Milton S. Terry, Biblical Hermeneutics: A Treatise on the Interpretation of the Old and New Testamen
t (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979), 55, 62.
17. Milton S. Terry, ‘Exegesis of the Eighteenth Century’, in Library of Biblical and Theological Literature, vol. 2, George R. Crooks and John F. Hurst, eds. (New York: Phillips & Hunt, 1883), 710.
18. Lord Melbourne, quoted in Charles Colson, Kingdoms in Conflict (Grand Rapids, Zondervan, 1989), 95. This quote is widely disseminated, and some versions have Melbourne saying ‘private life’ rather than ‘public life’. Whatever the case, he apparently didn’t relish the ‘interference’ of religion at either level.
19. Terry, Biblical Hermeneutics, 55.
20. Terry, ‘Exegesis of the Eighteenth Century’, 710.
21. Leon Poliakov, The Aryan Myth: A History of Racist and Nationalist Ideas in Europe, Edmund Howard, trans. (New York: Basic Books, 1974), 310.
22. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1941), 23.
23. Adolf Hitler, quoted in ‘Hitler and Wagner’, The Telegraph, 25 July 2011, www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/8659814/Hitler-and-Wagner .html.
24. Poliakov, Aryan Myth, 311.
25. Ibid.
26. Thomas Mann, Wagner und Unsere Zeit (Frankfurt: S. Fischer 1963), 158.
27. Geoffrey Wheatcroft, ‘A Widow’s Might’, review of Winifred Wagner: A Life at the Heart of Hitler’s Bayreuth, by Brigitte Hamann, New York Times, 11 March 2007, www.nytimes.com/2007/03/11/books/review/Wheatcroft.t.html?_r=0&page wanted=print.
28. Lucasta Miller, ‘At Home with the Wagners’, The Guardian, 19 August 2005. Miller quotes the line ‘the seer and herald of the Third Reich’ from Brigitte Hamann, Winifred Wagner: A Life at the Heart of Hitler’s Bayreuth (Boston: Harcourt, 2005), 59. The full review can be read online at www.theguardian.com/books/2005/aug/20/featuresreviews.guardianreview8.
29. Miller, ‘At Home with the Wagners’.
30. Larry Arnhart, ‘Nietzsche, Hitler, and Wagner’s Parsifal’, Darwinian Conservatism by Larry Arnhart (blog), 15 November 2013, http://darwinianconservatism.blogspot.com/2013/11/nietzsche-hitler-and-wagners-parsifal.html.
31. Bruce E. Benson, Pious Nietzsche: Decadence and Dionysian Faith (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008), 31–2.
32. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York: Random House, 1974), 181.
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