40Refer to: http://www.firstpost.com/india/jnu-is-home-to-a-huge-anti-national-block-which-aims-to-disintegrate-india-rss-mouthpiece-2492774.html
41Refer to: https://www.quora.com/in/BJP-RSS-had-made-a-lot-of-noise-against-the-Mandal-Commission-but-they-used-the-OBC-classification-of-Narendra-Modi-to-acknowledge-his-humble
42Refer to: https://www.livemint.com/Politics/uLX8WqkugNolvzV1D0tjiK/Kanhaiya-Kumar-sedition-case-SC-restricts-entry-to-Patiala.html
43Refer to: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-flip-flop-on-jnus-kanhaiya-kumar-bs-bassi-says-circumstances-changed-1280384
44Refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/india/bjp-mla-op-sharma-arrested-for-assault-at-patiala-house-court-gets-bail-2632500.html
45Refer to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJNWV1RvgL4. For D. Raja’s issue, refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/if-hes-a-patriot-d-raja-should-demand-communists-shoot-kill-his-daughter-bjps-h-raja/
46Refer to: http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jnu-row-sting-video-shows-lawyers-claiming-they-thrashed-kanhaiya-for-3-hours-had-police-support-2181083
47Refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/thousands-of-liquor-bottles-used-condoms-found-on-jnu-campus-every-day-bjp-mla/
48Refer to: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/03/india-students-jnu-protest-narendra-modi-bjp. Also refer to: https://www.dailyo.in/politics/modi-saffronisation-of-education-rohit-vemula-hcu-crackdown-kanhaiya-kumar-umar-khalid-smriti-irani-abvp/story/1/11420.html
49Refer to: http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rss-struggles-to-find-680-saffron-leaning-people-for-top-academic-posts-2075885
50Refer to: http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-_Higher_education_in_India/$FILE/EY-higher-education-in-india.pdf
51Refer to: http://niasindiainchina.in/2016-12-01/indias-higher-education-standards-in-decline/. Also refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/india/decline-indian-education-standards-needs-stopped-president-pranab-1815525.html
52Refer to: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-overall-quality-of-education-in-India-so-bad
53Refer to: https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/mhrd-grants-autonomy-to-62-institutions-prakash-javadekar
54Refer to: https://www.dailyo.in/variety/jnu-compulsory-class-attendance-faculty-students-protest-vc/story/1/22246.html. Also refer to: https://thewire.in/education/fuss-attendance-view-jnu
55Refer to: http://newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-2/ivan-illich-on-deschooling. Original essay by Illich, refer to: http://www.ecobooks.com/books/deschooling.htm
56Refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/sushma-swaraj-unga-speech-iits-and-iims-pakistan-jaish-and-lashkar-4858313/
57Refer to: http://www.area148.com/rohit-vemulas-death-who-is-responsible/
58Refer to: https://www.berfrois.com/2016/11/marx-wondered-educate-educator/
For a more detailed reading, refer to: https://www.workersliberty.org/story/2010/04/13/marx-and-engels-education
59Refer to: https://www.forbes.com/sites/suparnadutt/2017/11/07/one-year-later-indias-demonetization-move-proves-too-costly-an-experiment/#7a9d5c3c378a
60Refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/india/simi-activists-encounter-in-bhopal-madhya-pradesh-police-version-is-full-of-contradictions-3081902.html. Also refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/india/simi-activists-encounter-in-bhopal-bjp-lauds-police-opposition-seeks-deeper-probe-3082018.html
61Refer to: https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/seeds-trump-s-victory-were-sown-moment-obama-won-ncna811891
62On the controversy surrounding the film Padmaavat, refer to: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42048512; Refer to: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/muslim-hindu-couples-love-jihad-hit-list-facebook-interfaith-relationships-extremism-violence-a8325106.html
On the marital rape issue, refer to: https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/marital-rape-delhi-high-court-central-government-clarifies-sexual-abuse-rape-men-vunerable-1033772-2017-08-29
63Though the RSS intends to implement a universal policy of complete beef ban, the BJP often, due to electoral considerations, fails to pursue that kind of an absolute ban on beef. Refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/no-beef-ban-in-meghalaya-asserts-bjp-4899200
On the RSS battling for a country-wide beef ban, refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/india/mohan-bhagwat-bats-for-country-wide-beef-ban-says-rss-workers-in-power-will-work-towards-it-3376460.html
64For PM’s statement, refer to: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/killing-people-in-the-name-of-gau-bhakti-not-acceptable-pm-modi/story-XToseVqb3wNZBJwAeWb0sO.html
65For an analysis of pride and fear during the Nazi regime, refer to: http://wordpress.philau.edu/germany2012/2012/05/23/pride-or-fear-of-the-nazi-regime/
66For Ambedkar’s views, refer to Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji. Annihilation of Caste. Delhi: Critical Quest, 2000.
67Refer to: https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/modi-government-push-for-inter-caste-marriages-offers-rs-2-5-lakh-for-marrying-dalit/962848/
68Kerala Temple Board appointed six Dalits as priests of temples. Refer to: https://www.news18.com/news/india/breaking-tradition-kerala-temple-board-appoints-dalits-as-priests-1537977.html
69On Una attacks, refer to: https://thewire.in/politics/dalits-gau-rakshak-asmita
On Najeeb’s disappearance from JNU, refer to: http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/in-depth-look-at-the-jnu-student-najeeb-ahmed-case/article18474400.ece
70On one such instance of use of fake news in Bengal, refer to: https://thewire.in/politics/bjp-fake-news-nupur-sharma
For an instance of morphed videos, refer to: https://www.altnews.in/old-video-kerala-circulates-muslim-assault-hindus/
71Refer to: https://www.oneindia.com/india/india-slips-in-media-freedom-ranking-under-modi-report-2418749.html
72Refer to: https://thewire.in/culture/india-media-news-channels-reporters-press-freedom
73Refer to: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-wants-enquiry-against-allahabad-university-v-c/story-1rTTbe99aaJxo3tHBlHgKL.html
For the VC’s side of the story, refer to: http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/allahabad-university-v-c-defends-self-against-allegations-of-irregularities/article22492079.ece
74Refer to: https://thewire.in/politics/bhim-army-chief-arrested-in-dalhousie
75Refer to: https://www.dailyo.in/variety/west-bengal-riots-mamata-banerjee-communal-violence-asansol-riots-babul-supriyo/story/1/23207.html
Also refer to: https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2018/03/29/congress-mamata-barring-guv-riot-asansol-raniganj.html
76For mass violence with impunity under the BJP, refer to: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/74968/1/blogs.lse.ac.uk-Impunity%20in%20India%20No%20reckoning%20with%20mass%20violence.pdf
77Refer to: https://www.marcuse.org/herbert/pubs/60spubs/65repressivetolerance.htm
78For an introduction on the meaning and controversy surrounding Sigmund Freud’s idea of ‘Penis-Envy’, refer to: https://www.britannica.com/science/penis-envy
79Refer to: http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cycle-of-violence-in-kerala-started-by-rss-says-left/article19797727.ece
80Refer to: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1997-11-01/rise-illiberal-democracy
81Refer to: https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/museum-of-memory-and-human-rights
82‘Liquid Modernity’ was coined by cultural sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. Refer to his books by the same title.
83Refer to: http://factchecker.in/shashi-tharoor-says-bjp-renamed-23-congress-schemes-hes-right-about-19/
84Refer to: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/BSP-haathi-turns-into-Ganesh/articleshow/1050578.cms
Further refer to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJujtDwBVvs
85Refer to: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/prime-minister-manmohan-singh-calls-for-revival-of-animal-spirit-in-economy/articleshow/14435229.cms
86Refer to: https://www.deccanherald.com/content/661568/modis-overtures-bold.html. You may also refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/
india/narendra-modi-in-goa-demonetisation-a-bold-move-pms-risks-have-rarely-let-him-down-3103408.html
87Commentators have argued that the Gujarat Model was essentially about ‘Crony Capitalism’. refer to: https://thewire.in/economy/gujarat-models-failure-explains-economy-significant-factor-coming-elections.
After giving tax incentives to the corporate, Gujarat was left with little funds for education and health. For this argument, refer to: https://thewire.in/economy/gujarat-models-failure-explains-economy-significant-factor-coming-elections.
88Manmohan Singh, the former Prime Minister argued that not two crore, Modi regime did not manage to give even two lakh jobs. Refer to: http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-modi-promised-2-crore-jobs-per-year-couldn-t-even-provide-2-lakh-manmohan-singh-at-congress-plenary-2595001
89Refer to Modi’s own claims regarding Muslims in Gujarat. Refer to: https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/narendra-modis-blog/revealing-statistics-from-the-sachar-report
90Refer to the first speech by Amit Shah after he became a member of the Rajya Sabha, claiming that making Pakoras is better than begging. Refer to: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/selling-pakoras-no-shame-likening-it-to-begging-is-says-amit-shah-in-his-1st-rajya-sabha-speech/articleshow/62796755.cms
91Mouffe, Chantall. On The Political. London: Routledge, 2005. p. 83.
92Müller, Jan-Werner. 23 September 2015. ‘Parsing Populism: Who is And Who is Not A Populist These Days?’ Refer to: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-5876.2015.00842.x
93On Yogi Adityanath’s encounter policy, refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/yogi-adityanath-on-up-police-encounters-those-who-believe-in-language-of-gun-should-be-answered-in-same-way-5057006
94Chantall. On The Political.
95In India, middle classes routinely endorsed the Emergency of 1975. They believe it led to more order, accountability, and a good work ethic.
96Reminds us of the caution Ambedkar offered in terms of perils of democracy that offered political equality with social inequalities. This contradiction that Ambedkar highlighted is now playing out through the strategies designed by Right-wing populists.
97Goodhart, David. The Road to Somewhere. London: Hurst, 2017. p. 3
98Ibid.
99Ibid.
100Ibid., p. 6
101De Souza, Ronald. 2002. `Emotional Truth’. Aristotelian Society. Supplementary Vol. 76, p. 247-275.
Refer to: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4106969?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contnents
102Within the discourse of demonetization, populists could imagine how a sense of belonging can come not merely by rights’ claim but that it is also possible through allowing citizens to become moral exemplars in suffering.
103Jha, Prashant. How the BJP Wins. New Delhi: Juggernaut, 2017.
104de Sousa, Ronald and Morton, Adam. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes.
Part II State(S) Of Democracy
1Refer to my earlier piece on the changing response of the Indian voter: http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-uncanny-indian-voter/article6281129.ece
2For a report on the riots in Trilokpuri, refer to: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29828802
3Refer to: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/02/12/manmohan-singh-narendra-m_n_9218724.html
4For Ms Sitharaman’s comments, refer to: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-polls-bjp-vs-aap-debate-hits-a-new-low-as-nirmala-sitharaman-calls-arvind-kejriwal-a-chor/articleshow/46114405.cms
5On Godse statues being unveiled, refer to: https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/india-s-first-statue-of-gandhi-killer-nathuram-godse-unveiled-by-hindu-mahasabha-in-meerut-262820.html
6On the debate following attacks on churches in Delhi, refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/world/delhi-church-attacks-congress-questions-silence-christian-bjp-mlas-2088307.html
7Refer to: https://www.livemint.com/Politics/YuTNcf8VFRjo8COtznAGjK/Nitish-Kumar-resigns-as-Bihar-CM-says-not-possible-for-maha.html
8Refer to: https://www.dailyo.in/politics/uttar-pradesh-polls-bjp-muslims/story/1/15688.html
9Refer to: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/uttar-pradesh-lok-sabha-bypolls-why-the-outcome-in-gorakhpur-and-phulpur-is-important/articleshow/63294118.cms
10Ramesh, Jairam. Old Histories, New Geographies. New Delhi: Rupa Publications, India, 2016. p.121.
11Ibid. p.27.
12Refer to: http://www.rediff.com/news/report/pix-modi-and-sharif-from-gifting-shawls-to-trading-barbs/20160926.htm
13For Partha Chatterjee’s article, refer to: https://thewire.in/government/general-dyer-indian-army-kashmir
14Information on JK Study Forums gathered from personal sources. I collected documents that the forum published. It was reported by the individuals, involved with the forum that it was organized by the RSS.
15For Rajnath Singh’s idea of permanent solution, refer to: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/permanent-solution-to-kashmir-issue-is-based-on-five-cs-rajnath-singh/articleshow/60460250.cms
16Refer to: https://www.dailyo.in/politics/jammu-and-kashmir-pandits-exodus-colonies-for-pandits-new-delhi-un-referendum/story/1/15291.html
17Refer to: https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/9055/radical-islamists-kashmir
18Refer to: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/10-things-to-know-about-nota-a-voter-s-right-to-reject/story-SkX0EsDQbjG5e2sz0L5N9H.html
19Refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-snubs-congress-on-nota-wont-stay-when-it-suited-you-no-appeal-4781463/
20Refer to: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/parents-threaten-to-use-nota-to-protest-fee-hike/articleshow/61801035.cms
21Refer to: http://www.livelaw.in/gujarat-high-court-halts-state-govt-s-move-to-make-voting-compulsory/
22Refer to: https://www.livemint.com/Politics/0Da93mASPyNLtL71EaxKKM/Gujarat-elections-Manmohan-Singh-wants-Modi-to-apologise-fo.html
23Refer to: https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/bangladesh/hindi/news+world+hindi-epaper-newsworh/samp+chachundar+jaisi+hai+sp+bsp+ki+dosti+yogi+aadityanath-newsid-82998369
Part III Introduction
1Refer to: https://www.thelivemirror.com/dalits-minorities-become-victims-organised-killing-amartya-sen/
2Illiah, Kancha. Post-Hindu India. New Delhi: SAGE, 2009.
Part III DALIT-BAHUJAN POLITICS
1Refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gujarat-7-of-dalit-family-beaten-up-for-skinning-dead-cow-2910054/
2Refer to: https://scroll.in/latest/816735/gujarat-dalit-leader-jignesh-mevani-detained-before-narendra-modis-arrival
3Refer to: http://www.abplive.in/india-news/modiji-on-rs-15-lakh-returning-to-accounts-was-a-political-jumla-amit-shah-to-abp-news-150752
4Hugo, Gorringe. Panthers in Parliament. London: Oxford University Press, 2017.
5Deshpande, Ghulamgiri Phule. Selected Writings of Jyotiba Phule. Delhi: Leftword Books, 2012.
6Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji. Annihilation of Castes. India: Ssoft Group, 2014. p. 34.
7Ibid. p. 45.
8Ibid. p. 21.
9Refer to: https://thewire.in/books/explaining-social-smuggling-angered-arya-vysyas-two-states
10Refer to: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/08/26/dera-chief-convicted-of-rape-sent-to-air-conditioned-jail-due-to-space-constraints_a_23186253/
11Refer to: http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-panchkula-violence-ground-report-how-haryana-police-failed-to-control-dera-sacha-sauda-mob-2540724
12Refer to: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gurmeet-ram-rahim-singh-dera-sacha-sauda-panchkula-haryana-punjab-sakshi-maharaj-bjp-4813602/
13Refer to: http://www.jantakareporter.com/india/sakshi-maharaj-ram-rahim/145092/
14Refer to: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-gurmeet-ram-rahim-s-dera-became-a-dalit-citadel/story-cyw8dpwABem6CqIB7Ws5IJ.html
15Refer to: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/seize-entire-property-of-ram-rahims-dera-sacha-sauda-furious-high-court-says-aft
er-violence-1742075
16Refer to: https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/shootout-at-puttaparthi/299264
17Refer to: https://scroll.in/latest/853932/amicus-curiae-in-murthal-case-says-there-were-nine-rapes-during-the-jat-agitation-in-haryana
18Refer to: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/state-will-proceed-legally-against-ilaiah-minister/article19718711.ece
19Refer to: https://thewire.in/media/adani-group-slapps-epw-editor-job
20Refer to: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/jnusu-poll-results-2017-united-left-alliance-wins-all-four-seats/articleshow/60445655.cms
21Refer to: http://www.aisa.in/wp-content/uploads/JNUSU-Note-On-VIVA-marks-Reduction.pdf
22Refer to: http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sfi-dissolves-its-jnu-unit-triggers-protest/972892/
23For an engaging debate on this issue, refer to: https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2016/05/communist-ambedkarites-rift/
24Refer to: https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/delhi-university-ramjas-college-not-alone-abvp-has-history-of-violence-like-rohith-vemula-jnu-kanhaiya-kumar
25Refer to: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/28/indian-prime-minister-genetic-science-existed-ancient-times
26Refer to: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Narendra-Modi-gifts-Gita-to-Japanese-emperor-takes-a-dig-at-secular-friends/articleshow/41530900.cms
Also refer to: https://www.saddahaq.com/modi-gifts-bhagwat-gita-to-obama-receives-one-from-tulsi-gabbard
27Refer to: https://www.firstpost.com/india/gita-declared-national-book-taught-schools-rss-ideologue-1652261.html
28Refer to: https://sabrangindia.in/article/why-did-dr-babasaheb-ambedkar-publicly-burn-manu-smruti-dec-25-1927
29Refer to: https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/96363-the-bhagavad-gita-according-to-gandhi
30Rathore, Akash Singh, ed. Hegel’s India: A Reinterpretation, with Texts. New Delhi: OUP, India, 2017. p. 80.
31Ibid. p. 80.
32Ibid. p. 77.
33Ibid. p. 18.
34Ibid.
35Laclau, Ernesto. On Populist Reason. London: Verso, 2005. p. 226.
36Rathore, Akash Singh, ed. Hegel’s India: A Rinterpretation, with Texts. New Delhi: OUP, India, 2017. p. 4.
India After Modi Page 25
