I do not accomplish my real object, but it is not long before we are all ordered to the Crimea. Sarabus, close to Sinferopol, is our new station and there, at any rate, we are closer to the front than we were before. We solved the transport problem by using our Ju 87's as tug aircraft for freight gliders. Over Kracow – Lemberg– Proskurow - Nicolajew we are soon at our destination. The aerodrome there
is a very large one and suitable for training purposes. Our makeshift quarters are not very different from those of the front, but where there is a will there is a way. We resume our routine training as at Graz. We specially enjoy it when we practise landings on other airfields, for then sometimes we land in the morning in the West on the shore of the Black Sea, and perhaps in the afternoon in the North West near the sea of Asow. We bathe for at least half an hour on the lovely beaches in the broiling sunshine. There are no hills except near Kertsch, and in the South where the Jaila range of about 5,000 feet runs along the South coast of the Crimea. All the rest of the country is flat; vast steppes, in the middle of them huge tomato plantations. A very narrow coastal strip stretches between the sea and the Jaila mountains: the Russian Riviera. We are often there and fetch kindling with lorries; there is no timber where we are stationed. The comparison with the Riviera turns out to be rather feeble. I see a few palm trees at Jalta - so far so good - but two or three of these trees are far from making a Riviera. From a distance the buildings gleam brightly in the sun, especially when one is flying at low level along the coast. It makes a surprisingly good impression; but if you walk through the streets of Jalta and get a close view of everything the general primitiveness and vulgarity of this Soviet watering place is a tremendous disillusion. It is no different in the neighbouring towns of Aluschta and Alupka. My men are delighted by the many vineyards between these two places; the vintage season is just beginning. We sample the grapes on every hillside and often arrive home late with a prodigious bellyache.
I have been chafing now for some considerable time at not being sent back to the war. I ring up the General of the Air Command in the Caucasus and offer him my Stukas as an operational unit; most of the crews are ready for the front. I point out that it will be splendid training for all of them, and that the wing may consider itself lucky to get crews which have already had experience. First, we receive an order to move to Kertsch. It appears that Soviet supply trains often travel along the south coast. From here we would be able to attack them. But it gets no further than ''would"! For hours together we stand by waiting for the supply trains, but nothing happens. Once I want to try my luck with my Messerschmitt fighter; my objective being enemy reconnaisance aircraft. But the blighters at once sheer off far out to sea setting a course for Tuapse - Suchum, and I can no longer overtake them because, naturally, I cannot take off until after I have spotted them. Soon afterwards, however, I succeed in effecting our transfer to Beloretschenkaja, near Maikop, where another wing is stationed. Here we shall get proper operational flying again, for we are to be used together in support of the advance in the direction of Tuapse.
Overnight we have now become a busy frontal formation. We are in the air from early to late in the area where the army is attacking up the Psich valley by way of Chadykenskaja-Nawaginskaja, over the Goitsch pass in the direction of Tuapse. It is not exactly easy for us because in our training unit we use only relatively old and obsolete aircraft, and the wing operating here, with which we frequently fly together, has the very latest type. When flying in formation at high altitudes this puts us at a noticeable disadvantage.
Fighting in the narrow valleys is a thrilling experience. We are often unwarily enticed by our eagerness for a fight into a trap, if we pursue the enemy or try too persistently to discover his hiding places. If in our search we fly into one of these narrow valleys we are frequently unable to manoeuvre at all. Sometimes, however, a mountain suddenly looms up at the end of such a valley, rising sheer and blocking the way ahead. Then we have to make a quick reaction, and time and again we owe our escape to the good performance of our aircraft. But that is still child's play compared with the situation we find ourselves in when 600 feet above us the mountains are wreathed in dense cloud.
The mountain crests here are between 3,500 and 4,500 feet. It is easier after we have been into every valley a few times and know which valleys have exits, and behind which mountain it is possible to get out into open country. This is all guess work in bad weather and with low lying clouds. When we make low level attacks on some valley road occasionally the defence fires down at us from above because the mountain sides on either side of us are also occupied by the Ivans.
Our numerically weak mountain troops are putting up a stubborn fight against a far superior enemy lodged in strong mountain positions. We are in close liaison with the ground forces and do our best to answer their every call for attack and support. The battles in the mountain forests are particularly difficult; it is fighting blindfold. If our Operations Officer gives us permission to attack a certain belt of forest we carry out his instructions even when we are unable to see it clearly. It is on such occasions as these that the Army commends our usefulness and the effectiveness of our attack.
The Geimamberg, the neighbouring heights, are in German hands. By stiff fighting we are pushing forward to the South West. Less than thirteen miles separate our comrades from Tuapse. But the casualties in the mountain fighting are too high and there are practically no reserves available. So the assault on the Goitsch pass is abandoned and final success is denied us.
There is a ding-dong battle for the Goitsch railway station. A Soviet armoured train hurls its heavy stuff into our thin attacking line. This armoured train is crafty. It belches fire and then, like a dragon, retires into its lair. This dragon's lair is a mountain tunnel in the neighbourhood of Tuapse. If we fly up it streaks back like lightning at our approach into the shelter of the tunnel and we only glimpse its tail. Once we catch it napping - nearly. We have “crept up on it” but at the last minute it must have received a warning. It is hit, but the damage cannot have been serious; a couple of days later it has been repaired and re-appears. But now this steel monster is extremely wary; we never once catch sight of it again. Then we make the following decision: if we are unable to get to close quarters with this armoured train we will make its guardian angel its fatality! We block the exit from the tunnel with a special bomb, thereby preventing the armoured train from any excursion and giving our comrades on the ground, at least for a time, a sorely needed respite. "Give and take is the whole philosophy of life”, says my rear gunner with a grin.
We also attack the port of Tuapse, which, like all ports, is strongly defended by flak. The town and the harbour itself, behind the chain of mountains, is still in Soviet hands. If we fly at an altitude of 9,000 feet the light flak reaches us long before we approach the target. A.A. guns are sited on the mountains for the last few miles of our approach. To avoid the flak we fly at an altitude of only 2,500 feet, for the mountain ridges rise perpendicularly from the sea to a height of 4,500 to 5,000 feet. Our attacks are directed against the dock yards, port installations and ships lying in the harbour, principally tankers. Generally everything mobile starts to career in circles in order to avoid our bombs. If they were not so already, my crews are now fully fledged operational airmen. The flak over the port is not at all comparable with the defence at Kronstadt; it is nevertheless impressively heavy. It isn't possible to fly straight back over the mountains because they are much too high. We usually dive very low on to the harbour and then sheer off seawards at our maximum ceiling and so escape relatively quickly out of the range of the defence. Out at sea, however, the Soviet pursuit aircraft are already waiting for us. We have now to climb to a good 9,000 feet in order to get back home with a margin of at least 3,000 feet above the mountain flak because in air battle it is easy to lose altitude.
The conditions under which we attack are much the same as the Gelendshik area where we also occasionally participate in attacks on airfields or n
aval targets in the Bay of the same name. The Soviets have soon located our station at Beloret-schenskaja; at first they bomb it day and night. Small as is the material damage, they nevertheless inflict a serious blow on the wing whose guests we are. Their C.O., Squadron Leader Orthofer, is killed in one of these raids. I choose this very moment to land and taxi in; bombs are dropping to port and starboard. My aircraft is hit by many splinters and becomes unserviceable, but I escape unhurt.
General Pflugbeil, who is in command of all the Luftwaffe formations here, is often present at our dispersal. He brings us the news that we are to move further east to an airfield near Terek. Here another push is in progress and we are to support it. It is aimed in the direction Grossny - Caspian Sea. At the time the move takes place our tank spearhead has reached a point just short of Okshokodnice. Over Georgiewski - Piatigorsk and Mineralnya Wody where one can look down on the vast and magnificent Elbruz mountains we fly to our new base at Soldatskaja. We make a short half way landing at Mineralnya Wody and rest. Here there is a real plague of mice. In palliasses, in cupboards and crannies, in every hold and corner they patter - everywhere mice. They jump out of our haversacks, they eat up everything.
It is impossible to sleep, one can hear them rustling even in ones pillow. I open everything in order to scare them away. Then there is a few minutes quiet, but immediately the noise begins again as loud as before. At Soldatskaja we are rid of this plague of mice. Presumably Ivan's constantly falling bombs soon frightened them away from here. We have few A.A. guns. We do not now operate, as was originally intended, in support of the tank spearhead to the East, but our first mission is in the South. A few days later Naltschik is captured by German and Romanian troops. The panorama as we approach our objective to the south is glorious. Ahead of us the snow peaks of the 15,000 feet range, glittering in the sunshine in all imaginable colours, below us green meadows spotted with yellow, red and blue. These spots are plants and flowers. Above us a brilliant blue sky. When approaching the target I often forget entirely the bombs I am carrying and the objective. Everything makes such a soothing, peaceful and beautiful impression. The mountain world of which the Elbruz is the centre has such a gigantic and overpowering effect; in this or that valley there one could easily tuck away several of the Alps.
After the capture of Naltschik we make a few more sorties eastwards to the Terek front, beyond Mosdok. Then, quite unexpectedly comes the withdrawal to Beloretschenskaja in the battle zone of Tuapse where bitter fighting is still going on for the old key areas. It is getting on for November. I fly my 650th operational sortie and for some weeks I have not been feeling any too fit. Jaundice! I have guessed it for some time, but I hope that it will pass and that I shall not be taken out of operations because of this. The whites of my eyes are yellow, my skin the same colour. Always I deny that anything is wrong with me to anyone who asks, especially to General Pflugbeil who has been trying for quite a while to order me to bed. Malicious persons say that I have been eating too much whipped cream. Perhaps there is some truth in this.
The General had brought along a case of champagne to celebrate my 600th operational flight and was quite astonished when I told him I was sure my outfit would appreciate his gift and explained that my own particular weakness lay in another direction. A few days later several large cakes arrived with two pails full of whipped cream, not too difficult a problem in view of the number of cows in these parts. For two days we practically ate nothing but these sweets; the next day hardly a single crew was fit to fly. As I am now as yellow as a quince, a Messerschmitt 108 arrives with the General’s orders that I am to be taken, by force if necessary, to hospital at Rostow. I succeed in persuading him to let me stop off to report to my Wing at Karpowa near Stalingrad. We fly there on a northerly course over Elistra. I immediately move heaven and earth to stay with the wing and from here hand over my flight to someone else. It doesn’t work, but the Wing Commander promises me No. 1 Flight in which I began the Russian Campaign. “But to hospital first!” Then in the middle of November I am shut up in the hospital at Rostow.
7 - Stalingrad
THIS lying in hospital gets on my nerves; I have been here now for almost a week, I can see hardly any change in my condition except that I am not exactly picking up strength with the strict diet and the unaccustomed confinement to bed. I can scarcely expect a visit from my colleagues; it would take them too long to get here. Although we are near to the sea it is already becoming cold; I can tell by the breeze through the windows which are paned less with glass than with the lids of packing cases.
The doctor in charge of my case is an excellent fellow but he has lost patience with me, and so he becomes the "case" the day he enters my room and informs me offhandedly: “There is an ambulance train leaving for Germany the day after tomorrow; I am arranging for you to go by it " “I shall do no such thing" “But you simply must go home for treatment. What are you thinking of?"
His professional wrath is aroused. "But I can't be sent out of the line for so ludicrous an illness. This is a very nice hospital, but I have had enough of lying in bed”. In order to leave no doubt in his mind that I mean what I say: "I must fly back to my squadron right away".
Now the doctor really is angry; he opens his mouth, snaps it shut again, and finally delivers himself of this vehement protest: “I accept no responsibility – you understand, no responsibility whatever.” He is silent for a moment and the adds energetically “Moreover, I shall make an endorsement to that effect on your discharge sheet”.
I pack my things, I get my discharge sheet from the office and – off to the aerodrome. Here there is working a fitter who has often overhauled aircraft of my wing. One only needs to have luck on one’s side. An aircraft has just this moment come out of the repair shop; it so happens that it has to be flown up to the front to the wing at Karpowo, 10 miles from Stalingrad. I cannot say that I feel very strong and fit, I bumble around as if I were walking in my sleep. I do not however, attribute this so much to my illness as to the sudden fresh air.
Exactly two hours later I am on the airfield at Karpowo after having flown past Tazinskaja – Surwikino and lastly Kalatsh on the Don. The runway is packed with aircraft, mostly Stukas of our wing and those of a neighbouring squadron. The airfield itself offers no opportunities for camouflage, it lies right in the open country. It slopes away gently on one side.
After landing I go off to find the signboards. Exact orientation within the unit has always been one of our special fads. Even if nothing or very little else indicates our presence the signboards are certain to be there. So I very soon discover the wing orderly room. It is bang in the centre of the aerodrome in a hole in the ground, described in military parlance as a bunker. I have to wait a while before I can report to the O.C.; he has just gone out on a short operational flight with my friend Kraus. When he comes in I report my return; he is more than surprised to see me back so soon: “You do look a sight! Your eyes and everything are as yellow as a quince”.
There is no talking myself out of this without a white lie, so I brazenly reply, “I am here only because I have been discharged as fit”. It works. The C.O. looks at the M.O. and says with a shake of the head: “If he is fit, then I understand more about jaundice than all the doctors. Where are your medical papers by the way?" A ticklish question. On the aerodrome at Rostow I had had desperate need of some paper and had put my doctor's cunningly worded certificate to a more profitable and appropriate use. I have to think quickly and reply in the same tone of voice: “I understand that the medical papers are being sent by courier”. In accordance with the promise made to me ten days before, I take over the command of my old flight. We have few operational missions; they have been out only once over a Volga harbour in the vicinity of Astrachan. Our main task is to deliver attacks within the city area of Stalingrad. The Soviets are defending it like a fortress. My squadron commander gives me the latest news. There has been practically no change in the ground personnel. From armourer Götz to Sen./Fitter P
issarek all are still there. The flying personnel necessarily presents a different picture because of casualties, but the new crews I have trained have all been posted to the reserve squadron. Living quarters, offices etc., are all underground. In a very short time I have found my feet again and feel at home.
The next day we fly a sortie over Stalingrad, where approximately two thirds of the city is in German hands. It is true the Soviets hold onlyone third, but this third is being defended with an almost religious fanaticism. Stalingrad is Stalin's city and Stalin is the god of these young Kirgises, Usbeks, Tartars, Turkmenians and other Mongols. They are hanging on like grim death to every scrap of rubble, they lurk behind every remnant of a wall. For their Stalin they are a guard of fire-breathing war-beasts, and when the beasts falter, well-aimed revolver shots from their political commissars nail them, in one way or the other, to the ground they are defending. These Asiatic pupils of integral communism, and the political commissars standing at their backs, are destined to force Germany, and the whole world with her, to abandon the comfortable belief that communism is a political creed like so many others. Instead they are to prove to us first, and finally to all nations, that they are the disciples of a new gospel. And so Stalingrad is to become the Bethlehem of our century. But a Bethlehem of war and hatred, annihilation and destruction.
Stuka Pilot Page 7
