The Delaware Canal
Page 13
From channel of industry to Pennsylvania treasure, the Delaware Division Canal, once congested with hinge boats, mules and scrappy canallers, now bestows a quiet peace and life-affirming splendor upon all who are drawn to it.
Notes
Chapter 1. Magic Canals: Past and Future
1. Needham and Ronan, Shorter Science and Civilisation, 5.
2. Find Articles, “The first contour transport canal—history of Chinese science,” UNESCO Courier, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1988_Oct/ai_6955900.
3. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, s.v. “Emperor Yang of Sui,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of _Sui_China (accessed January 24, 2008).
4. Dale R. Lightfoot, “Syrian Qanat Romani,” http://www.waterhistory.org/histories/syria (accessed January 25, 2008).
5. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, s.v. “Foss Dyke,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foss_Dyke (accessed January 24, 2008).
6. France in the United Kingdom, “Economics: Seine-Nord Europe canal: a new partnership with Europe,” www.ambafrance-uk.org/Economics-Seine-Nord-Europe-canal.html (accessed January 30, 2008).
7. “About Canals,” 999Canals, http://www.999canals.com (accessed January 29, 2008).
8. Shank, Amazing Pennsylvania Canals, 10.
Chapter 2. From the Bowels of the Earth
9. Knies, Coal on the Lehigh, 4.
10. Ibid.
11. Karson, Black Rock, 2–3.
12. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, s.v. “Anthracite,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite (accessed February 22, 2008).
13. Knies, Coal on the Lehigh, 7.
14. Hansell, Josiah White, 22.
15. Ibid., 29.
16. Ibid., 35.
17. Knies, Coal on the Lehigh, 37.
18. Hansell, Josiah White, 49.
19. Yoder, Delaware Canal Journal, 128.
20. Hansell, Josiah White, 79.
21. Ibid.
22. Richardson, Memoir of Josiah White, 108.
23. Hansell, Josiah White, 142.
24. Ibid., 146.
25. Stories from Pennsylvania History, “King Coal: Mining Bituminous,” PennsylvaniaHistory.com, http://www.explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=30 (accessed February 7, 2008).
26. History Matters, “No Rest for the Weary: Children in the Coal Mines,” http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5571 (accessed February 7, 2008).
27. Bartoletti, Growing Up in Coal Country, 27.
28. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, s.v. “Molly Maguires,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Maguires (accessed February 5, 2008).
29. “Molly Maguires,” Everything2, http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1215887.
30. Karson, Black Rock, 57.
Chapter 3. Josiah White’s Waterways
31. Lebegern, Episodes in Bucks County, 83.
32. Knies, Coal on the Lehigh, 66.
33. Hansell, Josiah White, 88.
34. Ibid., 89.
35. Zimmerman, Pennsylvania’s Delaware Division Canal, 18.
Chapter 4. Locks and Their Keepers
36. Collection of Papers, 347.
37. Shank, Amazing Pennsylvania Canals, 113.
38. Baker, Old Bucks County, 16.
39. Gene Szostak, “Delaware Canal Brought a Growing Business to Bristol,” Bristol Pilot, September 17, 1998.
Chapter 5. Beside the Busy Canal
40. Baker, Old Bucks County, 15.
41. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, s.v. “Devil’s Half Acre,” http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_devil’s_half_acre,_Pennsylvania (accessed March 21, 2008).
42. Green, History of Bristol Borough, 347.
43. Rivinus, Lumberville, 3.
44. Lee, Tales the Boatmen Told, 25.
Chapter 6. Snappers and Stiff Boats
45. Early River and Harbor Works, “Navigation Above Tide Water,” United States Army Corps of Engineers, www.usace.army.mil/publications/misc/un16/c-11.pdf, 74.
46. Ibid., 1,201.
47. Davis, History of Bucks County, 1,202.
48. R. Francis Rapp, “Lehigh and Delaware Division Canal Notes,” Collection of Papers, 601.
49. Ibid., 600.
50. Ibid., 603.
Chapter 7. The Mules
51. Henry and Dennis, Album of Horses, 99.
52. Ibid., 101.
53. Bartoletti, Growing Up in Coal Country, 41.
54. Ibid., 44.
55. Yoder, Delaware Canal Journal, 179.
56. Ibid., 181.
Chapter 8. The Canallers
57. Project for Active Teaching of American History in Region 4, Summer Seminar, “Facts About Immigration,” www.path.coe.uh.edu/seminar2002/week2/immigrant_facts.html (accessed January 17, 2008).
58. Bartholomew and Metz, Delaware and Lehigh Canals, 125.
59. John T. Humphrey, “Life in Mid-Eighteenth Century Pennsylvania,” About.com: Genealogy, http://genealogy.about.com/library/authors/uchumphreyb.htm (accessed February 23, 2008).
60. Davis, History of Bucks County, 898.
61. Rapp, “Canal Notes,” Collection of Papers, 604.
62. Landreth, War Times, 6.
63. Henry R. Darling, “Canal People and Towpath Mules Hauled Coal 108 Miles to Big City,” The Bulletin, n.d.
64. Pearl R. Nye, “The Old Skipper,” The Library of Congress, American Memory, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/nye/index.html (accessed March 2, 2008).
65. Yoder, Delaware Canal Journal, 144.
66. Ibid., 192.
67. Ibid., 170.
Chapter 9. Human Cargo
68. Zimmerman, Pennsylvania’s Delaware Division Canal, 38.
Chapter 11. Beautiful Impressions
69. “Fern I. Coppedge The Philadelphia Ten,” James A. Michener Art Museum, http://www.michenermuseum.org/bucksartists/artist.php?artist=62&page=214 (accessed March 14, 2008).
Chapter 12. National Historic Landmark
70. Wartenberg and Luiso, Delaware Canal, 24.
71. Zimmerman, Pennsylvania’s Delaware Division Canal, 126.
72. Ibid., 127.
73. Ibid.
Bibliography and Resources
Baker, Troy. Old Bucks County: The Historic Delaware Valley. Vol. I, Issue III. 1992.
Bartholomew, Ann, and Lance Metz, comp. and res. Delaware and Lehigh Canals: A Pictorial History of the Delaware and Lehigh Canals. Second edition. Easton, PA: Canal History and Technology Press, 2005.
Bartoletti, Susan Campbell. Growing Up in Coal Country. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996.
Battle, J.H., ed. History of Bucks County Pennsylvania. Chicago: A. Warner and Co., 1887.
Coan, Peter Morton. Ellis Island Interviews: In Their Own Words. New York: Checkmark Books, 1997.
A Collection of Papers Read Before the Bucks County Historical Society. Vol. IV. Riegelsville, PA: Frackenthal Publication Fund, 1917.
Crumin, Timothy. “Fuel for the Fires: Charcoal Making in the Nineteenth Century.” Connor Prairie Home. www.connerprairie.org/historyonline/fuel.html.
Davis, W.W.H. The History of Bucks County Pennsylvania: From the Discovery of the Delaware to the Present Time. Doylestown, PA: Democrat Book and Job Office Print, 1876.
Duess, Marie Murphy. Colonial Inns and Taverns of Bucks County: How Pubs, Taprooms and Hostelries Made Revolutionary History. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2007.
Fall, Thomas. Canalboat to Freedom. Cuddebackville, NY: Neversink Valley Area Museum, 1966. Reprint, Foundation, Inc., 2008.
Green, Doran. History of Bristol Borough in the County of Bucks, State of Pennsylvania. Camden, NJ: C.S. Magrath, 1911.
Hansell, Norris. Josiah White: Quaker Entrepreneur. Easton, PA: Canal History and Technology Press, 1992.
Henry, Marguerite, and Wesley Dennis. Album of Horses. New York: Aladdin Books, 1993.
Karson, George Gershon. Black Rock: Mining Folklore of the Pennsylvania Dutch. New York: Arno Press, 1979.
Knies, Michael. Coal on the Le
high: 1790 to 1827, Easton, PA: Canal History and Technology Press, 2001.
Landreth, Burnet. War Times in Bristol: 1861–1865. Bloomsdale House, n.d.
Lebegern, George F., Jr. Episodes in Bucks County History: A Bicentennial Tribute 1776–1976. Bucks County Historical Tourist Commission, n.d.
Lee, James. Tales the Boatmen Told. Exton, PA: Canal Press Incorporated, 1977.
McClellan, Robert J. The Delaware Canal: A Picture Story. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1967.
Needham, Joseph, and Colin A. Ronan. The Shorter Science and Civilisation of China. England: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Parton, W. Julian. The Death of a Great Company: Reflections on the Decline and Fall of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company. Easton, PA: Canal History and Technology Press, 1986.
Richardson, Richard. Memoir of Josiah White. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott and Co., 1873.
Rivinus, Willis M. Lumberville: 300 Year Heritage. Privately printed, 2006.
Shank, William H., PE. The Amazing Pennsylvania Canals. 150th edition. York, PA: American Canal and Transportation Center, 1981.
Wartenberg, Steve, and Gian Luiso. The Delaware Canal: Its Life, Its Legacy. New Hope, PA: Friends of the Delaware Canal, 2000.
Yoder, C.P. Delaware Canal Journal: A Definitive History of the Canal and the River Valley Through Which it Flows. Bethlehem, PA: Canal Press Incorporated, 1972.
Zimmerman, Albright G. Pennsylvania’s Delaware Division Canal: Sixty Miles of Euphoria and Frustration. Easton, PA: Canal History and Technology Press, 2002.
Resources
Friends of the Delaware Canal. New Hope, PA. www.fodc.org.
Gratz Gallery and Conservation Studio. New Hope, PA. www.gratzgallery.com.
Historic Langhorne Association. Langhorne, PA. www.hla.buckscom.net.
Margaret R. Grundy Memorial Library. Bristol, PA. www.buckslib.org/Bristol.
National Canal Museum. Easton, PA. www.canals.org.
New Hope Historical Society. New Hope, PA. www.newhopehistoricalsociety.org.
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Mining and Reclamation. www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/minres/bmr/bmrhome.htm