The Death of Santini

by Pat Conroy

  Because of such insider information, when my father scrambled his squadron 331 off the runway in Beaufort and turned south toward Puerto Rico, he had horrified his children about the fate of his family if the flag went up. Being miles from the air station, we would be atomized in an instant. The whole East Coast as we knew it would disappear from the face of the earth. When Gene Norris announced that the Russian ships had turned back, an exultant cheer went up in the class—more relief than joy. Several kids in that class, including me, had men ready to take to the air against the Russian MiGs, and they feared for their fathers’ lives. I was still praying for my father to die in his warplane, a disfiguring element I brought into my novel.

  Yet there were many scenes that I was writing about a military family’s life that seemed mystical to me. Originally, I began the novel with the Meecham family waiting for the arrival of their Marine Corps fighter pilot from a year spent on an aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean Sea. The scene was always emotional because my fear of the return outweighed the pleasure of seeing my father again. It had become clear to me that when Dad was gone, I was a happy young boy. When he was home, I became a melancholic, despairing one. Still, the return of the warrior was a rite of passage for every military brat on earth.

  The night following his return, Bull Meecham drives his family from the house on Rosedale Road to their new quarters in Beaufort. My father always left at night with his kids sprawled uncomfortably on a mattress laid out in the back of our Ford station wagon. The move to a new town and a new base was always hard; Carol Ann and I were filled with a clanging anxiety at having to reinvent ourselves one more time. In the middle of the night, we moved with the virtuosity of bedouins as our father rotated through bases all across America.

  Also I could write for the first time of the pride I felt in being the son of a Marine, proud of being connected to the corps, which represented excellence, fearlessness, a relentless drive for perfection; the corps trained to be the most fierce fighting force in the world. I was intoxicated by the love of country and the corps whenever I made a boyish salute on the fields of Camp Lejeune and Cherry Point. I grew up believing that the army, navy, and air force were pale imitations of the real thing. I learned the way of the warrior from the Marines. From a boyhood spent watching maneuvers, I learned that no one wanted to be on a beach when those guys showed up. It was the easiest way in the world to get dead.

  The writing of The Great Santini began to feel like a case of battle fatigue. In my head, I was falling apart as I excavated one buried memory at a time. Since no one in my family knew what I was up to—and I include myself in that calculation—I issued no storm warnings or small-craft advisories. I was going at it alone, entering into strange and dangerous waters every time I wrote a page. Still, I wrote and wrote, fighting through those times when I found myself assaulted by the unforgivable crime of full disclosure. Guilt. Every time I found myself censoring the writer in me, I would write it anyway. Finally, it became a credo for my entire writing life—if I feared putting something on paper, it was a voice screaming from the interior for me to start writing it down, to leave out nothing.

  So, I came to this illustrious moment I had dreamed about since I was a ten-year-old boy—I had arrived at the last chapter of the only first novel I’d ever write. Its doors were flying open and I knew where it was going and what was going to happen. I wanted that last chapter to put the readers on the floor with its power. There are other writers who try for subtle and minimalist effects, but I don’t travel with that tribe. I like to make people look up and see me walking the high wire without a net. That’s what I was born to do, and I almost ran to my writing desk every day, anxious and willing to have at it.

  In the single most creative burst of my career, I completed that last chapter by writing almost nonstop for twenty-four hours. Every word seemed summoned and anointed with a limitless power over which I had no control. It delighted me, the ease with which the words appeared, with me as some involuntary instrument taking dictation from the stars. In that chapter, I put the Great Santini into his warplane, where he flew from Key West back to his home base in South Carolina. In the middle of the flight, his fire warning lights flickered on, and Bull Meecham fought to get his plane safely back in its hangar. He aborted his first landing when he saw the lights of family homes beneath him. He changed direction and his A-6 disappeared from the radar screen forever. They found the remains the next day. No one has ever loved writing his father’s funeral scene more than I did. I relished every word of it.

  Then, in the last two hours of this epiphanic night, I began an almost hallucinatory scene involving the God that eighteen-year-old Ben would pray to about his guilt-ridden relief over the death of his own father. I began creating that God from the spirits of different characters I had made up during the course of writing the novel. This part surprised me, because I’d not planned for this. I had wanted the novel to end with a trip, the way military families always rotate through bases. I needed the Meechams to set off on the highway toward Atlanta—the son now driving the family away from the town, just as the father drove the family into town at the beginning of the book. What in the hell was God doing there? But it felt right, so I went with it. Then I felt the surge, the rush of adrenaline, when I’m coming onto something larger than myself. I had Ben Meecham pray to this God he had just created out of his own imagination:

  And can one boy who has said ten thousand times in secret monologues, “I hate you. I hate you,” as his father passed him, can this boy approach this singing God and can he look into the eye of God and confess this sin and have that God say to him in the thunder of perfect truth that the boy has not come to him to talk about his hatred of his father, but has come to talk about mysteries that only gods can translate. Can there be a translation by this God all strong and embarrassed, all awkward and kind? Can he smile as he says it? How wonderful the smile of God as he talks to a boy, and the translation of a boy screaming, “I hate you. I hate you,” to his father who can’t hear him would be simple for such a God. Simple, direct, and transferable to all men, all women, all people of all nations of the earth.

  But Ben already knew the translation and he let God off with a smile, let him go back to his song, and back to his flowers on River Street. In the secret eye behind his eyes, in Ben’s true empire, he heard and saw and knew.

  And for the flight-jacketed boy on the road to Atlanta, he filled up for the first time, he filled up even though he knew the hatred would return, but for now, he filled up as if he would burst. Ben Meechum filled up on the road to Atlanta with the love of his father, with the love of Santini.

  When I finished this last line, I fell apart and wept for a long time. For several months, I believe that Barbara—acting on behalf of our children—could have had me committed to a mental institution, because I had traveled too far into the great wound that is my family. Instead of granting me a portion of strength and satisfaction, the novel felt like a bloodletting, an auto-da-fé, or a crown of thorns. Inchoately, I could feel it killing me from the inside out, making me desperate, suicidal, emptied out. Though I thought I had written a good book, I had pulled the pin of a hand grenade, then thrown my entire body over it, knowing it would kill me without harming anyone else. For six months I walked around Atlanta, bedbug crazy and tortured by anxiety and nightmares. At the end of the six months, I found a therapist, Dr. Marion O’Neill, who came in to save me. By this time, the book was in full production and would come out in the spring of 1976. Still, I had warned no one about its content or subject matter. The days passed slowly, but inexorably, like a firing squad assembling at dawn. I could not bear to think that I wrote a five-hundred-page novel just because I needed to love my father. It never occurred to me that I was born with a need to love my dad. It seemed like a madman’s fantasy that my father could ever bring himself to love me. Then the book was published, and my problems really began.

  CHAPTER 5 •

  Publication of The
Great Santini

  When the postman delivered the first ten copies of The Great Santini to my house on Briarcliff Road, I knew that there was no escape in secrecy or vagueness or distortion. Houghton Mifflin was shipping my book to stores all across the country, and I’d soon be facing the judgment of family and critics. When the verdict was in, I far preferred the critics.

  My father raced over from his aerie in the Darlington apartments. I had rarely seen him so animated. He shouted with joy when I handed him the book and he saw the title of my first novel.

  “My God, son, you’ve named the book after me. What an honor.”

  “Dad, you might want to read the book before you start talking about it,” I said, horrified that I had even kept the name of the book from my father. He opened the book and started thumbing his way through its pages, excitable and happy-faced as a King Charles pup.

  “So, you dedicated this book to me and your mother.” Suddenly moved, he added, “This might be the best day of my life.”

  At first, I had dedicated it to my mother alone, phrasing it, “This book is dedicated to Frances ‘Peggy’ Conroy, the grandest of mothers and teachers.” When I wrote the dedication, I went to Ellen Harper’s dress shop and asked Ellen to type it for me. She put on her reading glasses and started typing. I could feel her irritation at me. She was the mother of my best friend in high school and she’d been like a mother to me since I first walked into her house. She had exercised an editorial privilege that I had not authorized, but she was giving me a lesson I would long remember. Ellen had added the following words: “And to Colonel Donald Conroy, U.S.M.C. Ret., the grandest of fathers and Marine aviators.”

  “I thought I raised you right,” Ellen said. “Wipe that frown off your face. I taught you to do the right thing, boy, to take the high road. Now get! Mrs. Aimar has come in to shop for a hat.”

  I left the words in and will be grateful to Sarah Ellen Harper until I draw my last breath. It was the only armor I took going into the wars that would soon erupt on both sides of the family. But the center of conflict was standing in my living room holding a novel I had written describing my withering contempt of him. It was an awful and existential moment in a young writer’s life. My coming-of-age novel was taking on the grotesque trappings of a public beheading. My father danced down the driveway to his yellow ’68 Volkswagen convertible I had given him as a retirement gift. He was buoyant while I was worried. When he drove off, I knew trouble lay ahead.

  In two hours, the phone rang and I picked it up, knowing it would be my father.

  “Why do you hate me, son?” he asked. “Just why do you hate me so goddamn much?”

  “Keep reading, Dad; please keep reading. You’ve got to get to the last line. It’s all in the last line.”

  “It’s the shittiest book I’ve ever read,” Dad said. “You ain’t worth a crap as a writer. That’s my humble opinion.”

  “Thanks, Dad. Just keep reading the book. Finish it.”

  Two hours later Dad called again. This time he was sobbing so badly I couldn’t understand a word he was trying to say. He began hiccuping, then blubbering again, and finally broke into a high-pitched wail of indiscriminate anguish. The hardest, toughest man I had met in the Marine Corps roared out in unarticulated pain because of words I had hurled against him. Finally, he gained control over himself and whimpered, “What’s my mother gonna think?”

  “I don’t know what your mama’s going to think. I don’t know the woman. I’ve seen her two or three times in my life. She’s never written me, called me, asked me a question, or sent me a gift. She wouldn’t know me if she passed me in the streets of Chicago. And that goes for your daddy, too. I don’t know a single thing about any of your Chicago relatives. But I imagine I’ll start hearing from all of them soon.”

  And hear from them I did.

  I believe the first to check in was Father Jim Conroy, who was furious from the first word out of his mouth to the last. He called me a Southern sack of shit, and a perverted ingrate who had eaten one too many bowls of grits in my morose, father-hating life. He was going to send his copy of the book to my mother’s people in Piedmont so they could use it in their outhouses. He wished my father had beaten me up a lot more, because I deserved it.

  After his rant, I said, “Father Jim, remember that wonderful summer fishing trip you took me on when I was ten? You beat me more that summer than my dad did. I ain’t ten anymore, Father Jim. Come beat me up now, big fella, and I’ll send you back north in a body bag.”

  My grandmother called and bawled me out, followed by my grandfather, who told me if I really wanted to learn how to write to read James Fenimore Cooper. “It’s all there, Pat. It’s all there.”

  Sister Marge checked in, as did Aunt Mary, Uncle Willie, Uncle Jack—everyone but Uncle Ed, Dad’s youngest brother.

  To my complete astonishment, my mother and her family started checking in with their own barrage of literary criticism. My mother’s reaction was the most devastating.

  “Nice going, Pat. You managed to destroy your entire family’s good reputation. Your father will walk like a leper in whatever town he is in. I won’t be able to show my face in Beaufort for the rest of my life. Your brothers and sisters will have to move out of state and change their names. We’re ruined, son. You stabbed your own family right through the heart.”

  “Mom,” I said, “do you remember when we read Thomas Wolfe’s biography, and what you said to me after his family and town went nuts about Look Homeward, Angel? You said you’d be proud if one of your children ever wrote about your family.”

  “You know I didn’t mean it,” she said. “I hate your portrait of me.”

  “If the book has one great flaw, it’s that your character is flawless, way too good to be true.”

  “To me, Lillian Meecham was a sappy, tacky, spineless creature, not the fighter you know me to be. Lillian set my teeth on edge every time she opened her mouth.”

  “Listen to me,” I pleaded. “I wrote about you the way I saw you as a boy. To me you were the most beautiful, loving woman on earth. That image of you got me through our god-awful family. I had to make Lillian perfect, because that’s how I looked up to you as a boy.”

  “Then you’re just a lousy writer. A shallow one, too,” she said.

  “My God, Mom,” I said, flabbergasted by her blindside hit on everything that was most significant to me. Because my mother was so well read, she knew exactly how to wound the heart of a young, insecure writer, and her appraisal was uncompromising.

  Finally, she ended her critique with a summing-up. “Here’s why you really stink as a writer, Pat. You gave that book to him. You gave him center stage, the starring role. You had him rule that house. Let me tell you a secret, son—I ruled that house and everything that went on in it. I could make him dance like a puppet whenever I wanted. I was the power in that house. I was the boss and the chief of police in every town we entered. You just weren’t a good enough writer to see who was really in charge.”

  “I know what you’re saying. Since I grew up, I can see you as a much more complicated woman than I ever realized. I know that now. But for this book, I had to paint a flawless portrait of you. For me, just for me. I know about the enigmatic you, the dangerous you. I know all about that, Mom, and I promise that I’ll deal with that darker woman sometime down the road.”

  Mom’s mother, Stanny, checked in the next evening with her own dismissal of my novel. She began by telling me, “Pat, your father was the most wonderful husband and father I’ve ever met, and I’ve been on five world cruises. I’ve circumnavigated the globe five times.”

  “Not you, too, Stanny,” I said, furious.

  “Now, don’t you forget it was me who bought you The Complete Works of Shakespeare when you graduated from high school. Also Ulysses, by Mr. James Joyce,” she defended herself. “I got me some credibility in the old literary game.”

  “Tell me the truth. Did Dad call and whine to you?” I asked.

>   “You hurt him terribly,” Stanny said. “He’ll never get over it. What do your brothers and sisters say?”

  “They haven’t checked in yet. Thank God,” I said.

  “I loved one part of the book,” she said.

  “That’s the first time I’ve heard these words. Tell me what pleased you.”

  “I loved every bit about Alice Sole, the sixty-three-year-old mother of Lillian Meecham, except her part is far too short. I think you should concentrate on her completely when you write the next book. I’d make a great novel.”

  “You’re an egomaniac, Stanny. So you loved the part about you, but you join forces with my enemy family to torment me.”

  “Your mother called me too. I think she’s angrier than Don. She thinks the whole book should’ve been all about her,” Stanny said.

  “My whole family is a bunch of narcissists,” I said with a sigh.

  Then my father disappeared from Atlanta, and it began to be a major concern for all his family as his self-imposed exile stretched to three days and counting. I called Jim Townsend, the founder of Atlanta magazine, and he put in calls to the police chief and the mayor. At night, I would drive around Dad’s old haunts, and even ate breakfast with his running buddies at the Darlington to see if I could coax any stray information from them. But they were as deeply concerned as I was. Lou Lipsitz said, “You might as well face it, Pat: Your book probably made your dad go kamikaze. I bet he rented a Piper Cub and flew it into a mountain in North Georgia.”