by Lisa Hilton
‘Beowulf’, 22, 418—21, 423, 425
Beraza, Mañuel Sagatibelza, 124
Berengaria, daughter of Edward I and Eleanor, 194
Berengaria of Castile, 175—6
Berengaria of Navarre (later Queen of England): betrothed to Richard I, 120, 121; ancestry, 121; journey with Eleanor of Aquitaine, 121—2, 123, 124; early life, 122; language spoken, 122; appearance, 123, 124; marries Richard, 125, 141; in Holy Land, 125—6; returns to Europe, 126, 127; possible rift in marriage, 129—30; reconciliation with Richard, 131, 132; in Poitou, 132; childless, 133; and death of Richard, 133—4; and Adam de Perseigne, 135; spends rest of life as Lady of Le Mans, 137—40, 141; financial problems, 138—40; in England, 139; dower arrangements, 148—9; defects to Philip Augustus, 149; death, 140
Bergues, 263
Berkeley, 64, 300; Castle, 241—2, 247
Berkeley, Sir William, 395
Berkhamsted, 148, 151, 156, 245, 248, 271; Castle, 210, 211, 215, 314
Berkshire, 298
Bertha, wife of Aethelred, 26
Berwick-upon-Tweed, 155, 205, 214, 257, 351, 354, 366
Bethune, Richard de, 239—40
Bible, translations of, 281—2
Bigod, Hugh, 71, 83
Biset, Margaret, 168
Black Death, 267
Blackheath, 275, 325, 342, 345
Blacklow Hill, 216
Blackman, John, 340
Blanca of Navarre, 121, 134, 135, 143
Blanchardine and Eglantine, 412
Blanche, daughter of Edward III and Philippa, 254, 257, 267
Blanche of Brittany, 308, 312, 313
Blanche of Castile, 140, 155, 158, 165—6, 170, 175—6, 187, 208, 424
Blois, Eustace of, 110, 111
Blois, Stephen, Count of, 68
Blois, Theobald of, 109
Blondel, 130—1
Blore’s Heath, battle of (1459), 349
Bohan, Main, Viscount, 312
Bohemian craftsmanship in manuscript illustration, 280
Bohun, Mary de, 298, 307, 314
Bohun family, 394
Boleyn, Anne, 66, 358
Bolozerskaya, Marina, 277
Bona of Bohemia, 274
Boniface VIII, Pope, 204
Boniface IX, Pope, 308
Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, 168, 170, 172, 174 187, 192
Bonneville-sur-Tocque, 148, 149
Book of the Duchess, 295
Book of the Knight of the Tower, The, 27
books, 197, 198, 253; first printed, 412; see also literature
Booth, Laurence, bishop of Durham, 348, 354
Bordeaux, 96, 108, 110, 137, 145, 148, 169, 176, 267, 344, 345; palace of Ombrière, 97; Saint-André cathedral, 97
Bordeaux, Richard of, 269
Born, Bertran de, 121
Boroughbridge, battle of (1622), 229
Bosworth Field, battle of (1485), 402, 404, 418
Bothwell, 205
Boulogne, 69, 70, 77, 84, 88, 183, 233; St Bertin abbey, 89
Boulogne, Eustace of, 20, 69, 75, 84, 87, 88—9, 90, 91, 108
Boulogne, Mary, Countess of, 69
Boulogne, Osto of, 75
Boulogne, Pharamus of, 77
Boulogne, William of (Stephen and Matilda’s son), 90
Bourbon, Duke of, 315
Bourbon, Jacques de, 248
Bourbon., Duchesse de, 253
Bourchier, Lady Anne, 360, 361
Bourchier, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 389, 391
Bourdigne’s Chronicle, 375
Bourges, 97, 101; archbishopric of, 98, 99
Bourgueil, Baudri de, 53
Boutier, Paulin, 138
Bouvines, battle of (1214), 153
Boyars, John, 327
Brabant, Duchess of, 274
Brabant, Duke of, 78
Brabant, Margaret of, 263
Brabant, Marie of, 204
Brandon, William, 395
Bray, Richard, 394
Brecon, 394
Brecon, Charter of (1402), 331, 332
Brembre, Nicholas, 275, 286
Bremule, battle of (1119), 60
Brent, Dr, 409
Breteuil, 38
Bretigny, treaty of (1360), 314
Brictric, lord, 35
Bridget, daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth, 376, 378, 387, 396, 409, 410
Brindisi, 126
Brionne, Gilbert of, 18
Bristol, 85, 151, 156, 181, 205, 230, 238, 266 326, 373; Castle, 83, 311
British Museum, 212
Brittany, 309, 312, 313
Brittany, Alan, Count of, 18, 39
Brittany, Conan, Duke of, 36
Brittany, Constance of, 111, 117, 136
Brittany, Duke of, 268, 307—9
Brittany, Gilles of, 308, 312
Brittany, Henry of, 187
Brittany, Jean of, 308, 312, 313
Brittany, John, Duke of, 120, 177, 180, 187
Brittany, Marguerite of, 308, 312
Brittany, Marie of, 308
Brittany, Richard of, 308
Brocart, Peronell, 316
Bromley, John, 256
Bromley, Lady Martha, 361
Brotherton, 206
Brotherton, Thomas of (son of Edward I and Marguerite), 206, 207
Bruges, 22, 24—5, 274, 412, 415
Brussels, 78
Brut Chronicle, 236, 322, 325
Buchan, Countess of, 208
Buck, Sir George, 399
Buck, Sir John, 399
Buckenham, Norfolk, 66
Buckfast, Devon, 75
Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, 350, 360, 361, 386, 389, 390; meets Richard III, 386; share of the Bohun inheritance, 393—4; conspires against Richard III, 394—5, 411; death of, 395
Buckingham, Katherine, Duchess of, 353, 360, 361
Buckinghamshire, sheriff of, 179
Burdet, Thomas, 379
Burgh, Alice, 397—8
Burgh, Isabel, 397
Burgh, Richard de, 170
Burgh-on-Sands, 210
Burghersh, Bishop, 245
Burgundy, 313, 362, 371, 415
Burgundy, Charles, Duke of, 359, 361, 365, 366—7, 368, 371—2
Burgundy, Florine of, 101
Burgundy, Guy of, 18
Burgundy, John the Fearless, Duke of, 308, 312, 313, 322, 323, 336
Burgundy, Margaret of (Edward IV’s sister), 405, 412
Burgundy, Philip of, 291, 324
Burley, Sir Simon, 273, 286, 287
Bury, Richard de, 233
Bury St Edmunds, 154, 341; chronicler of, 181
Busci, Roger de, 35—6
Butler, Lady Eleanor, 389
Byland, battle of (1322), 231
Bywell Castle, 367
Cabot, Lawrence, 328
Cade, Jack, rebellion led by, 342
Cadmos, battle of (1147), 102—3
Cadwaladr, 406
Caen, 29, 147, 149, 261; Holy Trinity abbey, 29, 35, 37, 39; St Stephen’s foundation, 29, 37, 51
Caerleon, Lewis, 394, 412
Caerphilly, 227
Calais, 274, 294, 297, 315, 325, 342, 349, 350, 359, 363, 365, 366, 369, 384; garrison mutiny, 347; siege of (1347), 264—5, 288
Cambridge, 166, 326; Queens’ College, 355, 375, 377, 390
Camoys, Thomas, Lord, 318
Canterbury, 63, 85, 89, 90—1, 129, 145, 147, 155, 166, 205, 228, 248, 264, 275, 289, 350, 362, 377; St Augustine’s monastery, 58, 87, 171; see of, 49, 63, 168
Canterbury Cathedral: Becket’s shrine, 171; Henry IV’s tomb, 313—4; royal window, 360
Canterbury Chronicle, The, 150—1
Cantilupe, Matilda, 186
Canute, King, 23—24
Capetian dynasty, 107
Capgrave, John, 340
Cardiff, 227, 238
Carduc, 98
Carlisle, 62, 82, 88, 257; Castle, 229
Carmarthen, 348; Castle, 334
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Carmelite Missal, 280
Carpenter, Christine, 348
Castile, 121
Castilian pirates, 267—8
Castle Rising, 66, 247—8, 249
Catesby, William, 400
Catherine de Valois (later Queen of England), 344; dower, 316; ancestry, 322; marriage to Henry V, 322, 324; coronation, 322, 325; in Paris, 324—5; appearance, 325, 326; arrival in England, 325; love of music, 326; relationship with husband Henry, 326; time in England, 326; and death of Henry, 326—7; dowry, 327; dynastic importance, 327—9; and James I of Scotland, 329; affair with Edmund Beaufort, 329—30, 331; marries Owen ap Maredudd ap Tudor, 330—2; children, 332; and Owen Tudor’s relatives, 332; character, 334; death of, 332, 334; embalmed body, 321
Catherine of Aragon, 413—15, 417
Caxton, William, 411—13, 418
Cecily, daughter of William and Matilda, 37, 52
Cecily, Duchess of York (daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth), 360, 362, 371, 387, 396, 407, 410, 411
Celestine, Pope, 89
Celestine III, Pope, 128, 129
Cerda, Carlos de, 267
Cerne Abbey, 196, 373
Chalfont, Gilbert de, 179
Chalus, 133
Champagne, 69
Champagne, Blanca of, 149
Champagne, Count of, 97, 98, 99
Champagne, Henry of, 111
Champagne, Theobald, Count of, 97, 98, 111
Champagne, Thibault, Count of, 69, 72, 73, 134, 135
Chandeler, John, bishop of Salisbury, 311
chantry foundations, 410
Charles, cousin of Godfrey ‘The Great’, 61
Charles IV of France and Holy Roman Emperor, 231, 232, 233, 235, 242, 273, 274, 281
Charles V of France, 205
Charles VI of France, 290, 291—2, 293, 294, 313, 314, 316, 323, 327, 334; children, 322—3
Charles VII of France, 316, 321—2, 323—4, 327—8, 335, 337, 341, 366
Charles VIII of France, 401
Charles of Anjou, 170, 177, 184, 192, 194
Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily, 335
Charles of Maine, 375, 376
Charles of Valois, 235
Charles ‘The Bad’, King of Navarre, 307—8
Charles the Simple, 22
Charolais, Count of, 336
charters witnessed by queens, 50—1, 57, 61—2, 64
Chartres, 56 134; cathedral, 176; ‘school’, 54
Chartres, Countess of, 159
Château Gaillard, 132, 147
Chatre, Pierre de la, 98, 99
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 278, 279, 280, 295
Chelsea manor, 76
Chertsey, 178
Cheshire, 289, 349
chess playing, 196
Chester, 169, 176, 214, 256, 300, 348
Chester, bishop of, 209
Chester, Lucy, Countess of, 64
Chester, Matilda, Countess of, 82
Chester, Ranulf, Earl of, 82, 85
Cheyne, Sir John, 395
Chibnall, Marjorie, 81
Chichester, 148, 150, 156, 198; leprosarium, 48
Chigwell, Hamo de, 239, 243
childbirth, royal, 255
Chinon castle, 114, 132, 134, 147, 148, 316
Chiny, Ida of, 61
Christian (Matilda’s clerk), 83
Christian humanism begins to take form, 54—5
Christianity: revival in Normandy, 29; role of Saxon women in conversion of male kin, 26
Christina, daughter of Edmund Ironside, 40, 41, 45
Christina, daughter of Edward Atheling, 34
Chronicle of Brittany, 312
Chronicle of St Denis, 309
Chronique de Touraine, 97
Chronique Normand, 105
Church, Anglo-Norman, 48—50
Cirencester, 178, 228
Cistercians, 75, 128, 134, 140
Clairmarais, 75, 77
Clairvaux, Bernard of, 89, 99, 100, 101, 106
Clare, Eleanor de, 226, 229, 230, 238
Clare, Gilbert de, 195, 209, 210
Clare, Margaret de, 210, 215, 216
Clare, Osbert of, 197
Clarence, Elizabeth of, 268
Clarence, Isabel of, 398
Clarence, Philippa of, 269
Clarence, Thomas, Duke of (son of Henry IV), 318, 324, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 369, 370, 372, 374, 380—1, 382; plans to marry again, 378; execution, 379; claimed to be illegitimate, 389
Clarendon, 167, 187, 267, 346
Clemence, wife of Godfrey ‘The Great’, 61
Clement IV, Pope, 183, 191
Clement VII, Pope, 273
Clementia (King John’s mistress), 145
Cleve, William, 343
Clifford, Lord, 348
Clifford, Sir Robert de, 208—9
Clifford, Rosamund de, 111, 112, 115
Clisson, Olivier de, 312
Clogh, Thomas de, 266
clothing, new trends in, 278—9
Clovis, 328
Cluniacs, 75, 407
Cluny, 69
Cnut of Denmark, 23—4
Cobbe, Marjory, 371
Coeffet hospital, 140
Cog Thomas, 267—8
Cogg, Adam, 223
Coggeshall, Essex, 74
Cognac, 157
Cognac, Philip of, 130
Coigners, Geoffrey de, 208
Colchester, 326
Coiles, Roger, 316
Collyweston, 411
Cologne, 129, 259
Comnenus, Isaac, 124, 125; daughter (later Countess of Toulouse), 124, 125, 129, 135
‘Complaint of the Commons of Kent’, 342
Compostela, 96
Conches abbey, 29
Concordia, 288—9
Conrad, Emperor, 102, 105
Conrad of Sicily, 177
Constance, daughter of William and Matilda, 37, 39
Constance, sister of Louis VII, 81, 83
Constance of Castile, 107, 111, 295
Constantinople, 102; Boukoleon Palace, 102
Constitution Domus Regis, 62
Conway, 300
Conway, John, 332
Cooke, John, 326
Copeland, John, 263
Copin (Le Mans Jew), 140
Cordial, 412
Corfe Castle, 74, 150, 151, 153, 244 289
Corneilles abbey, 29
Cornwall, Piers Gaveston, Earl of, 209, 210, 211, 212—14, 215, 216, 224, 230, 246, 283, 301
Cornwall, Richard, Earl of, 150, 152, 156, 159, 168, 169, 173, 178, 186, 192
Cosham, 270
Cotton, Lady Margaret, 411
Coucy, Philippa de, 285
Courcy, Lady Margaret de, 295, 299
Courtenay, Alice de, 145—6
Courtenay, Hugh de, 262
Courtenay, Peter, bishop of Exeter, 395
Courtenay II, Peter de, 146
Courtenay, Robert, 146—7
Courtenay, William, Lord, 410—11
Courtenay family, 146
courtiers, English, appearance of, 52
courts, royal, 52, 62, 79
Coutances, Walter of, archbishop of Rouen, 127
Coventry, 202, 299, 326, 349, 350, 364, 370, 372; Castle, 347—8
Craon, Peter de, 293
Crécy, battle of (1346), 250, 261, 263
Cressing Temple, Essex, 75
Cressiwil, Sir Richard de, 257—8
Cromwell, Lord, 233
Crondall church, 199
Croyland Chronicle, The, 352, 362, 379, 381, 384, 388, 392, 396, 399, 400, 401
Crusade, Second (1147—9), 101—6
Crusade, Third (1189—92), 125—6, 141
Crusade, Eighth (1270—1), 191, 192—4
crusaders, 101 see also Templars
Cumberland, 82
Cyprus, 124—5
Cyprus, King of, 270, 298
Dallaghiexa, Luchino, 358, 360
Damascus, 103, 105—6
Damett, Thomas,
326
Dampierre Castle, 376
Dangerosa (William X’s mistress), 96, 113
Dartmouth, 256, 365, 370; Priory, 410
Daubeney, Sir Giles, 395
David (poet), 63
David, King of Scotland, 48, 58, 65, 70, 77, 88, 242, 248, 256—7, 263
De Celesti Hierarchia, 198
De Secretis Secretorum, 253
Deddington, Oxfordshire, 216
Deeds of the Kings of England, The, 55
Deerhurst, 199
Denys, William, 311
Derby, Robert Ferrers, Earl of, 183, 184
Desiré (Le Mans Jew), 140
Despenser, Hugh, elder and younger, 191, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236—7, 238, 239, 241, 288
Deuil, Odo de, 103
Devizes, 84, 86, 88, 89, 150, 215; Castle, 117
Devizes, Richard of, 104, 124
Devon, Earl of, 274, 345
Devon, Margaret, Countess of, 329
Diceto, Ralph of, 115, 144
Dictes and sayings of the Philosophers, 412
Dieppe, 375
Dinham, John, 350
‘Disinherited’ peers, 242
Domesday Book, 34, 36
Domfront, 148, 149
Dominicans, 198—9, 216
Donald of Scotland, 43
Doncaster, 300, 370
Dorset, Marchioness of, 407
Dorset, Thomas Grey, Marquis of (son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville), 361, 373, 378, 386, 387, 388, 394, 395, 409, 410
Douce Apocalypse, 197
Douglas, Earl of, 257
‘Douglases, Black’, 367
Dover, 77, 86, 91, 111, 155, 274, 342; Castle, 77, 168, 183—4
Drayton Manor, 397
Dublin, 405
Duncan of Scotland, 43
Dunstable, 62, 90, 353
Dunstanburgh Castle, 366
Duppin Moor, battle of (1332), 257
Durham, 62, 77, 263; chronicler, 71; college, 390; Cathedral, 42, 51, 53; Priory, 390
Dursley, 89
Eadgyth Swan-Neck, 42
Eadmer, 46
Eadwine Psalter, 63
Ealdgyth (Edith), wife of Harold, 31, 34
Easteney, John, abbot of Westminster, 387
Eaton, 113
Ecclesiastical History, 26
Edessa, 101
Edgar I of Scotland, 43
Edgar Aetheling, 30, 35, 40, 43, 47
Edgecote, battle of (1469), 319, 364
Edinburgh, 283
Edith (Ealdgyth), wife of Harold, 31, 34
Edith, Edward the Confessor’s queen, 29—30, 34, 41, 42, 46—7, 197
Edith of Scotland, see Matilda of Scotland
Edmund, son of Edward III and Philippa, 254, 261
Edmund, son of Henry III and Eleanor, 171, 177—8, 184, 188, 192, 194
Edmund, son of Owen Tudor and Catherine de Valois (later Earl of Richmond), 332, 333—4, 348, 373
Edmund II ‘Ironside’, King, 23, 24, 40
Edward, the Black Prince (son of Edward III and Philippa), 248, 249, 254, 260, 261, 267—8, 269, 270, 271, 272
