She would have loved that—along with all the photographers stationed on Park Avenue and the members of the congregation immortalizing their own attendance at the event by snapping pictures of one another up and down the aisles of the cathedral. She would doubtless have objected to such inappropriate behavior in a house of worship, but she would have loved it.
NOTES
Note: Full biographical details on books can be found in the bibliography.
FOREWORD
1 “When China… world”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen. p. 29.
1 “for his… politics”: Tuchman, p. 260.
1 “You never… Life”: Ibid., p. 449.
CHAPTER ONE
5 “Along with… production”: T. Christopher Jespersen, “Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Face of Sino-American Relations: Personality and Gender Dynamics in Bilateral Diplomacy,” in Samuel C. Chu, p. 121.
5 “go from… water”: Burke, p. 7.
6 “one of… Atlantic”: Ensign Arthur Tourtellot, “C. J. Soong and the U.S. Coast Guard,” The United States Naval Institute Proceedings, 75, no. 552 (February 1949).
6 “probably the… Carolina”: Eunson, p. 8.
7 “Send him… education”: Webb, p. 123.
7 “not as… son”: Ibid., p. 124.
7 “Dear Sir… Soon”: Burke, pp. 7–9.
8 “At first… morning”: John C. Orr, “Recollections of Charlie Soon,” World Outlook, April 1938, p. 8.
9 “rather low… inches”: Eunson, p. 10.
9 “too many… McTyeire”: Clark, pp. 23–24.
10 “an empire… page”: Burke, pp. 34–35 ff.
10 “He will… Chinaman”: Burke pp. 34–35.
11 “One day… talk”: Mike Bradshaw, Jr., “Chinese Lad Left Trinity College to Found Own Dynasty,” The News & Observer, July 28, 1936.
13 “Brother Burke… think”: Burke, pp. 30–31.
13 “because, as… pain!”: Schaller, p. 19.
14 “the great… reckoning”: Koo, Hui-Lan Koo, p. 257.
14 “Please enter… always”: Burke, pp. 52–55.
15 “I could… month”: “A Letter from Rev. Charley Soon,” Raleigh Christian Advocate, October 19, 1892.
15 “more like… colleague”: Lattimore, China Memoirs, p. 141.
17 “I must… me”: Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “What Religion Means to Me,” World Outlook (reprinted from Forum), May 1934, p. 8.
CHAPTER TWO
18 “The only… face”: William Foreman, “America Online,” Associated Press, APTV 10-24-03 0838EDT.
18 “tedious sermons… prayers”: HA: George E. Sokolsky papers, Box 35, Folder 16, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, “The Main Attack.”
18 “Why do… believe”: Clark, p. 44.
18 “Why can’t… May-ling”: Hahn, The Soong Sisters, p. 42.
21 “No thank… plague”: Burke, pp. 232–33.
22 “well-behaved… work”: Clark, p. 47.
22 “Trying to… don’t”: Burke, p. 237.
22 “not fit… animal”: Clark, p. 47.
22 “the Chinese… one”: Burke, p. 241.
22 “immoral, degraded… race”: Schaller, p. 20.
22 “Of course… charming”: Burke, p. 242.
23 “Why, May-ling… it”: Hahn, pp. 53–54.
23 “keeping up… mind”: J. B. Powell, “Introduction,” The China Weekly Review, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 2–3.
23 “She was… piece”: WCA: “Before Meeting Mme. Chiang Kai-shek,” Worcester Telegram, March 7, 1943.
24 “I suppose… otherwise”: WCA: “A Letter from Madame Chiang Kai-shek,” The Piedmont Announcements, September 1938, p. 1.
24 “rather plain”: WCA: “Mme. Chiang, as Wellesley Student, Never Went Out with American Boys,” clipping from unknown newspaper, taken from a scrapbook collected by Betty S. Wheeler of Wellesley, March 8–31, 1943.
24 “Scarlett O’Hara accent”: WCA: “The China Syndrome,” U.S. News & World Report, April 22, 1991.
24 “she spoke… longer”: WCA: “Mme. Chiang, as Wellesley Student, Never Went Out with American Boys,” clipping from unknown newspaper, taken from a scrap-book collected by Betty S. Wheeler of Wellesley, March 8–31, 1943.
24 “She wrote… her”: Ibid.
24 “She formed… direction”: WCA: “Mme. Chiang Tells of her War Duties,” The New York Times, July 10, 1938.
25 “There always… doorstep”: WCA: Jean Harrington, “Madame Chiang Kai-shek (Mei-ling Soong), The Wellesley Magazine 22 no. 3 (February 1938), p. 185.
25 “My one… fat”: WCA: Mary Patterson Routt, “College Girl,” Pasadena Star-News, April 9, 1943.
25 “occasional… childlike vanity”: DeLong, p. 25.
25 “But you… now!”: WCA: Louise Leung, “China’s First Lady Fulfills Promise to Old Classmates,” unidentified newspaper clipping.
25 “As things… force”: Ibid.
CHAPTER THREE
27 “Great Within… it”: Llewellyn, p. 201.
27 “a civilized… sword”: Lattimore, The Making of Modern China, p. 80.
29 “will you… not?”: Mitamura, p. 31.
30 “As we… death?”: HA: Nym Wales papers, Box 30, Shao Yuan-chung, “Confucius and Present Day China,” The Peiping Chronicle, August 30, 1934.
30 “family-minded… gentleman”: Lin Yutang, “Some Hard Words about Confucius,” Harper’s Monthly, May 1935.
32 “compulsory”: Epstein, From Opium War to Liberation, p. 4. (Note: Epstein takes this quote from Chinese Repository, vol. 5 (1837), quoted in S. Wells Williams, The Middle Kingdom, 1848.)
33 “They had… men”: Tuchman, p. 33.
33 “for the… thought”: Cantlie and Jones, pp. 16–17.
33 “even less… conscience?”: Schaller, p. 12.
34 “The walls… pieces”: Levy and Scott-Clark, pp. 98–99.
35 “Edicts are… enjoyment”: Morrison, p. 48.
35 “no time… bible”: Schaller, p. 11.
35 “up from… ago”: Hugh Murray, “Swampland to Commercial Port,” in Baker, p. 1.
36 “mud men”: Pan Ling, p. 8.
36 “The Small Sword… apprehension”: Chesneaux, p. 85.
36 “It is… can”: Dong, p. 15.
37 “Philistines to… girth”: Ibid., pp. 25–27.
37 “they begin… cigars!”: Hauser, pp. 19–20.
38 “the biggest… clothing”: Dong, p. 29.
CHAPTER FOUR
39 “I have… judgment”: Paludan, p. 214.
39 “most lasting contribution”: Ibid., p. 209.
39 “to bring… strength”: Llewellyn, p. 182.
40 “When her… maidens”: Dorn, The Forbidden City, p. 202.
40 “tried, just… star”: Llewellyn, p. 183.
41 “a transparent… eggs”: Levy and Scott-Clark, p. 143.
41 “naval construction”: Elizabeth Luce Moore, “China’s Soong,” Fortune, June 1933.
41 “to soften… actors”: Cameron, p. 12.
41 “the most… Our Hart”: Seagrave, Dragon Lady, p. 146.
42 “always fooling… eunuchs”: Ibid., p. 124.
43 “stood, towering… them”: Spence, The Gate of Heavenly Peace, p. 31.
44 “painted, brocaded… eunuchs”: Tuchman, p. 39.
44 “relegated to… life”: Cantlie and Jones, China, p. 21.
CHAPTER FIVE
47 “China cannot… rebellion”: “China in the United States,” The New York Times, July 23, 1881.
47 “every reasonable persuasion”: Sharman, p. 14.
47 “performed important… dexterity”: Cantlie and Jones, p. 31.
48 “for reforming… army”: Seagrave, The Soong Dynasty, p. 70.
48 “What China… you”: Yu and Tang, p. 283.
50 “seems an… rebellion”: Spence, The Gate of Heavenly Peace, p. 16.
50 “The vehicle… agitators”: Cantlie and Jones, p. 41.
51 “While I… late”: Sharman,
pp. 47–48.
51 “Scotland Yard… with”: Cantlie and Jones, pp. 43–44.
52 “the most… China”: Sharman, p. 92.
52 “The five… career”: Leonard Hsu, p. 55.
52 “After my… popular”: Ibid., p. 59.
53 “If they… place”: Sharman, p. 128.
53 “As soon… expectations”: Leonard Hsu, p. 63.
53 “Wuchang occupied… revolutionists”: Sharman, p. 128.
54 “Yes, for… meantime”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 28.
54 “a good… due”: Sharman, p. 138.
55 “to devote… undertaken”: Cantlie and Jones, p. 252.
56 “have to… women”: Cornell University Library, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, James M. McHugh papers, Box 13, Folder 5, no. 2770, draft for book, chapter 1, p. 15. (Note: This comes from an entry in McHugh’s personal diary, dated November 24, 1937.)
56 “Ai-ling’s Charlie… forever”: Selle, pp. 139–40.
CHAPTER SIX
57 “For the… him”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 31.
57 “upward mobility… group”: Fairbank, The Great Chinese Revolution, p. 170 passim.
58 “The imperialist… privilege”: Ibid., p. 173.
59 “punitive expedition”: Sharman, p. 164.
60 “The Greatest… Waterloo”: Ching-ling Soong, “The Greatest Event of the Twentieth Century,” The Wesleyan, April 1912.
61 “They owned… before”: George Sokolsky, “The Soongs of China,” The Atlantic Monthly, February 1937, p. 186.
61 “You can’t… revolution”: Hahn, The Soong Sisters, p. 91.
61 “the Greatest… Aristocrat”: Elizabeth Luce Moore, “China’s Soong,” Fortune, June 1933, p. 44.
61 “The Sage”: Chang with Halliday, p. 80.
61 “intelligent, suave… shrewd”: Moore, p. 44.
61 “This was… love!”: Columbia University Library, COHO, H. H. Kung, “The Reminiscences of K’ung Hsiang-hsi,” as told to Julie Lien-ying How, February 10–June 10, 1948, p. 41.
62 “perennial fixer”: Moore, p. 46.
62 “I can… me”: Epstein, Woman in World History: Soong Ching Ling, p. 35.
63 “Not our… today”: Sharman, pp. 177–78.
64 “the bigger… prisoner”: Bloodworth, p. 102.
64 “I didn’t… divorce”: Edgar Snow, Journey to the Beginning, p. 88.
65 “My mother… husband”: Epstein, Woman in World History, p. 41.
65 “My father… me!”: Edgar Snow, Journey to the Beginning, p. 89.
65 “Bill, he… friend”: Burke, p. 265.
CHAPTER SEVEN
66 “The [Chinese]… teapot?”: Mitamura, p. 82.
66 “Just think… immensely”: Hahn, The Soong Sisters, p. 104.
66 “broke down… now”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, MS to EM, July 3, 1917.
66 “I lost… all”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 7, 1917.
67 “He is… rude”: Ibid., MS to EM, December 15, 1917.
67 “a great… joke!”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 7, 1917.
67 “shocked and… home”: Ibid., MS to EM, September 6, 1917.
67 “With the… valuable”: Ibid., MS to EM, September 13, 1917.
67 “We have… use”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 7, 1917.
67 “We… enjoy… time”: Ibid., MS to EM, September 28, 1917.
68 “furious. The… be!”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 7, 1917.
68 “Two letters… be”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 16, 1917.
69 “he always… it”: Ibid., MS to EM, October 13, 1917.
69 “rather indifferent… Barbarian!”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 16, 1917.
69 “busy &… day”: Ibid., MS to EM, September 15, 1917.
69 “we actually… again!”: Ibid., MS to EM, October 11, 1917.
70 “Sir”: Ibid., MS to EM, September 28, 1917.
70 “Like your… China”: WCA: May-ling Soong to Helen Esse, October 26, 1917.
70 “Fancy a… night”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, October 26, 1917.
70 “as though… off”: Ibid., MS to EM, December 7, 1917.
71 “as abysmal… world”: Dong, p. 155.
71 “for a song”: Hauser, pp. 137–38.
71 “I… spent… machines”: Madame Chiang, Conversations with Mikhail Borodin, p. 72.
71 “wards of… employ”: Dong, p. 162.
71 “In the… vats”: Madame Chiang, Conversations with Mikhail Borodin, p. 72.
72 “Women and… cauldron”: Dong, p. 161.
72 “the richest… parents!”: WCA: Dr. Hu Shih, “She Played a Part in Chinese Literature, Politics and War,” The Chinese Press, March 26, 1943, p. 8. 73
73 “The woman… merit”: Bloodworth, p. 73.
73 “Tomorrow you… you”: Mah, p. 10.
73 “Being a… Hotel”: May Tan, “Happiness in Different Worlds” (unpublished memoir).
CHAPTER EIGHT
75 “There is… stayed”: Sheridan, China in Disintegration, p. 92.
75 “engaged in… impotency”: Weale, p. 318.
75 “well-meaning but powerless”: Schiffrin, p. 188.
76 “shaped like… head”: Gunther, p. 274.
76 “the greatest… all”: Koo, Hui-Lan Koo, p. 242.
77 “model governor”: Gunther, p. 278.
77 “the physique of… tiger”: Tuchman, p. 119.
77 “Three Things… Eighty-Six”: Ibid., pp. 135–36.
78 “Pockmarked, syphilitic… affairs”: WCA: Theodore White, “Chiang Kai-shek,” Life, March 12, 1942.
78 “We stayed… disguised”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 35.
78 “He spoke… goal”: Snow, Journey to the Beginning, p. 92.
78 “You know… escape”: Hahn, The Soong Sisters, p. 108.
80 “most important… on”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, p. 36.
81 “Several papers… fire”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, MS to EM, June 5, 1919.
82 “Shanghai,” she… Shanghai”: Ibid., MS to EM, June 15, 1919.
83 “At 106… Party”: Baker, pp. 74–75.
84 “At present… away”: Rand, p. 128.
84 “When the… me”: Sharman, p. 227.
CHAPTER NINE
86 “[B]efore he… destiny”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, p. 62.
86 “In my… free”: Hsiung, pp. 7–8.
87 “At play… personalities”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, p. 11.
87 “endured thirty-six… bitterness”: Ibid., p. 7.
87 “frequently discriminated… origin”: Ibid., pp. 17 ff.
87 “It will… fire”: Crozier, pp. 34–35.
88 “endowed with… child”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, p. 8.
88 “He went… examination”: Ibid., p. 15.
88 “She blamed… me”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 54–55.
89 “Chiang Kai-shek… impression”: Loh, p. 17.
90 “tiny portions… instructions”: Crozier, pp. 38–40.
90 “More manipulative… unscrupulous”: Dong, p. 90.
90 “a none… underworld”: Edgar Snow, “China’s Fighting Generalissimo,” Foreign Affairs, 16, no. 4, July 1938, p. 613.
90 “to deliberate… depression”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, pp. 20–32.
91 “big and… stride”: Koo, Hui-Lan Koo, p. 95.
92 “fiery, uncompromising… alienation”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, pp. 24–29.
92 “Alas!” he… did?”: Dong, p. 92.
92 “into a… debauchery”: Fenby, p. 43.
93 “the brains… him”: Columbia University Library, COHO, interviews with George Sokolsky by C. Martin Wilbur, 1962, p. 29.
93 “one of… Movement”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, p. 24.
93 “a fabulous… town”: Han Suyin, A Mortal Flower, p. 51.
93 “kingmaker by instinct”: Dong, p. 92.
93 “The sudden… principles”: Crozier, p. 51–52.
94 “become a… Kai-s
hek”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, p. 27.
95 “About two… struggle”: Chang with Halliday, Mme Sun Yat-sen, pp. 40–43.
97 “Small, slight… seen”: DeLong, p. 52.
97 “pro-Russian and… foe”: Ch’en Chieh-ju, pp. 111–12.
97 “come quickly”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, p. 83.
98 “What rubbish… here”: Crozier, pp. 57–58.
98 “The need… behalf”: Pinchon P. Y. Loh, pp. 83–89.
CHAPTER TEN
99 “Psychologically, all… Americans”: George E. Sokolsky, “The Soongs of China,” The Atlantic Monthly, February 1937, p. 185.
99 “Miss Soong… feet”: Koo, Hui-Lan Koo, p. 261.
99 “When she… Shanghai”: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Official File 200-3-N: President’s Trip File: War Conference, November 11–December 17, 1943.
99 “The streets… others”: Buck, p. 230.
100 “Don’t send… home!” Hahn, The Soong Sisters, p. 75.
100 “a great… kindnesses”: Webb, p. 235.
100 “become very… temper”: WCA: Emma DeLong Mills papers, MS to EM, March 19, 1918.
100 “Mother says… swollen”: Ibid., MS to EM, undated, received May 28, 1918.
101 “grand euphemism”: Seagrave, The Soong Dynasty, p. 143.
101 “I took… maid”: WCA: Mills papers, MS to EM, April 9, 1918.
101 “We certainly… constantly”: Ibid., MS to EM, July 18, 1919.
101 “wrestling with… days!”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 1, 1918.
102 “I wish… writing”: Ibid., MS to EM, August 15, 1918.
102 “really a… house”: Comment from the author’s Chinese translator.
102 “The inside… us”: WA: Mills papers, MS to EM, May 15, 1918.
103 “one that… luxury-loving”: Dong, p. 98.
103 “the moonlight… Kingdom”: Ibid., p. 97.
103 “The evidence… Road”: J. O. P. Bland, “Shanghai Revisited,” National Review (London), December 1920, p. 526.
103 “came to… convenience”: Fairbank, The Great Chinese Revolution, pp. 177–79.
104 “Some were… sinister”: Caldwell, p. 12.
104 “sinister aura… lord”: Wakeman, Policing Shanghai, pp. 30–31.
105 “A carload… view!”: Coble, p. 39.
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