Early Dynastic Egypt

Home > Other > Early Dynastic Egypt > Page 56
Early Dynastic Egypt Page 56

by Toby A H Wilkinson


  Sethe, K. (1903) Urkunden des alten Reichs, I, Leipzig: J.C.Hinrichs.

  ——(1906) Urkunden der 18. Dynastie, II. Historisch-biographische Urkunden aus der Zeit der Könige Thutmosis’ I und II, Leipzig: J.C.Hinrichs.

  ——(1914) ‘Hitherto unnoticed evidence regarding copper works of art of the oldest period of Egyptian history’, JEA 1:233–6.

  Seyfried, K.-J. (1984) ‘Sandale’, LA V: 379–82.

  Shaw, I. and Nicholson, P. (1995) The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt,

  London: British Museum Press.

  Simpson, W.K. (1956) ‘A statuette of King Nineter’, JEA 42:45–9.

  ——(1957) ‘A running of the Apis in the reign of Aha’, Orientalia 26: 139–42.

  Slater, R. (1974) ‘The archaeology of Dendereh in the First Intermediate Period’, unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Pennsylvania.

  Smith, H.S. (1971) ‘Walter Bryan Emery’ (obituary), JEA 57:190–201.

  ——(1972) ‘The rock inscriptions of Buhen’, JEA 58:43–82.

  ——(1992) ‘The making of Egypt: a review of the influence of Susa and Sumer on Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th millennium BC’, in R.Friedman and

  B.Adams (eds) The Followers of Horus. Studies Dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, 235–46. Oxford: Oxbow. Monograph 20. Egyptian Studies Association Publication No. 2.

  Smith, W.S. (1949) A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom,

  London: Oxford University Press (for the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston).

  ——(1971) ‘The Old Kingdom in Egypt and the beginning of the First Intermediate Period’, in I.E.S.Edwards, C.J.Gadd and N.G.L.Hammond (eds) The Cambridge Ancient History, 3rd edition, Volume I Part 2 (Early history of the Middle East), 145–

  207. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  ——(1981) The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt, 2nd revised edition with additions by W.K.Simpson, New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press. Pelican History of Art.

  Spencer, A.J. (1978) ‘Two enigmatic hieroglyphs and their relation to the Sed-Festival’,

  JEA 64:52–5.

  ——(1980) Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum, V. Early Dynastic Objects, London: British Museum Publications.

  ——(1993) Early Egypt: The Rise of Civilisation in the Nile Valley, London: British Museum Press.

  Spencer, A.J. (ed.) (1996) Aspects of Early Egypt, London: British Museum Press. Stadelmann, R. (1983) ‘Das vermeintliche Sonnenheiligtum im Norden des

  Djoserbezirkes’, ASAE 69:373–8.

  ——(1984) ‘Saujet el-Arjan’, LÄ IV: 495–7.

  ——(1985) ‘Die Oberbauten der Königsgräber der 2. Dynastie in Sakkara’, in Mélanges Mokhtar II, 295–307. Cairo: IFAO. Bibliotheque d’Etude 97.

  ——(1987) ‘Königinnengrab und Pyramidenbezirke im alten Reich’, ASAE 71: 251–60. Staehelin, E. (1984) ‘Ornat’, LÄ V: 613–18.

  Strudwick, N. (1985) The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom. The Highest Titles and Their Holders, London: Kegan Paul International. Studies in Egyptology.

  Swelim, N. (1988) ‘The dry moat of the Netjerykhet complex’, in J.Baines, T.G.H.James, A.Leahy and A.F.Shore (eds) Pyramid Studies and Other Essays Presented to I.E.S.Edwards, 12–22. London: Egypt Exploration Society.

  ——(1991) ‘Some remarks on the great rectangular monuments of Middle Saqqara’ ,

  MDAIK 47 (Festschrift Kaiser): 389–402.

  Takamiya, I. (1994) ‘Egyptian pottery in A-Group cemeteries, Nubia: towards an understanding of pottery production and distribution in pre-dynastic and early-dynastic Egypt’, unpublished M.Phil, thesis, University of Cambridge.

  Tavares, A. (1995) ‘The National Museum of Scotland Saqqara Survey Project’, unpublished paper delivered at the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, September 1995.

  Teissier, B. (1987) ‘Glyptic evidence for a connection between Iran, Syro-Palestine and Egypt in the fourth and third millennia’, Iran 25:27–53.

  Trigger, B.G. (1972) ‘Determinants of urban growth in pre-industrial societies’, in P.J.Ucko, R.Tringham and G.W.Dimbleby (eds) Man, Settlement and Urbanism, 575–

  99. London: Duckworth.

  ——(1984) ‘The mainlines of socio-economic development in dynastic Egypt to the end of the Old Kingdom’, in L.Krzyzaniak and M.Kobusiewicz (eds) Origin and Early Development of Food-Producing Cultures in North-Eastern Africa, 101–48. Poznan: Poznan Archaeological Museum. Studies in African Archaeology 2.

  ——(1985) ‘The evolution of pre-industrial cities: a multi-linear perspective’, in F.Geus and F.Thill (eds) Mélanges Offerts à Jean Vercoutter, 343–53. Paris: Editions Recherche sue les Civilisations.

  Trigger, E.G., Kemp, B.J., O’Connor, D. and Lloyd, A.B. (1983) Ancient Egypt. A Social History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Troy, L. (1986) Patterns of Queenship in Ancient Egyptian Myth and History, Uppsala: University of Uppsala. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Boreas. Uppsala Studies in Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Civilizations 14.

  Vandersleyen, C. (1971) ‘Les fouilles beiges d’Elkab (Haute Egypte)’, Revue des Archéologues et Historiens d’Art de Louvain 4:25–38.

  Vandier, J. (1968) ‘Une stèle égyptienne portant un nouveau nom royal de la troisième dynastie’, CRAIBL 1968:16–22.

  Velde, H. te (1967) Seth, God of Confusion, Leiden: E.J.Brill.

  Verhoeven, U. (1984) Grillen, kochen, backen im Alltag und im Ritual Altägyptens. Ein lexikographischer Beitrag, Brussels: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Élisabeth. Rites Égyptiens IV.

  Vermeersch, P.M. (1970) ‘Elkab 1966–1969. Le secteur archaïque’, CdE 45: 32–4. Vigneau, A. (ed.) (1935) Encyclopédie Photographique de l’Art: Les Antiquités

  Égyptiennes du Musée du Louvre, vol. 1, no. 1, Paris: Tel.

  Wainwright, G.A. (1941) ‘Seshat and the pharaoh’, JEA 26:30–40.

  Walle, B.van de (1954) ‘Empreintes de sceaux archaïques’, in Fouilles de El Kab. Documents, Livraison III, 91–8. Brussels: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, Pare du Cinquantenaire.

  Wallert, I. (1962) Die Palmen im alten Ägypten, Berlin: Bruno Hessling. MÄS 1. Warburton, D.A. (1997) State and Economy in Ancient Egypt Fiscal Vocabulary of the

  New Kingdom, Fribourg/Göttingen: University Press Fribourg/ Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 151.

  Ward, W.A. (1969) ‘The supposed Asiatic campaign of Narmer’, Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph 45:205–21.

  ——(1991) ‘Early contacts between Egypt, Canaan, and Sinai: remarks on the paper by Amnon Ben-Tor’, BASOR 281:11–26.

  Way, T.von der (1984) ‘Untersuchungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo im nordlichen Delta zwischen Disûq und Tida’, MDAIK 40:297–328, pls 37–9.

  ——(1986) ‘Tell el-Fara’in—Buto. 1. Bericht’, MDAIK 42:191–212.

  ——(1987) ‘Tell el-Fara’in—Buto. 2. Bericht’, MDAIK 43:241–57.

  ——(1988) ‘Tell el-Fara’in—Buto. 3. Bericht’, MDAIK 44:283–306.

  ——(1989) ‘Tell el-Fara’in—Buto. 4. Bericht’, MDAIK 45:275–307.

  ——(1991) ‘Die Grabungen in Buto und die Reichseinigung’, MDAIK 47 (Festschrift Kaiser): 419–24.

  ——(1992) ‘Excavations at Tell el-Fara’in/Buto in 1987–1989’, in E.C.M.van den Brink (ed.) The Nile Delta in Transition: 4th-3rd Millennium BC, 1–10. Tel Aviv: van den Brink.

  ——(1993) Untersuchungen zur Spätvor- und Frühgeschichte Unterägyptens, Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag. Studien zur Archäologie und Geschichte Altägyptens 8.

  ——(1996) ‘Early Dynastic architecture at Tell el-Fara’in-Buto’, in M.Bietak (ed.) Haus und Palast im alten Ägypten/House and Palace in Ancient Egypt, 247–52. Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie. Untersuchungen der Zweigstelle Kairo des Osterreichischen Archäologischen Institutes, Band XIV.

>   Way, T.von der and Schmidt, K. (1985) ‘Bericht über den Fortgang der Untersuchungen im Raum Tell el-Fara’in/Buto’, MDAIK 41:269–91.

  Weeks, K.R. (1971–2) ‘Preliminary report on the first two seasons at Hierakonpolis. Part II: the Early Dynastic palace’ , JARCE 9:29–33.

  Weill, R. (1908) Les Origines de l’Egypte Pharaonique, lère Partie. La IIe et la IIIe Dynasties, Paris: Ernest Leroux.

  ——(1911–12) ‘Monuments nouveaux des premières dynasties’, Sphinx 15:1–35.

  ——(1961) Recherches sur la Ire Dynastie et les Temps Prépharaoniques, Cairo: IFAO. Bibliothèque d’Etude 38.

  Weinstein, J.M. (1984) ‘The significance of Tell Areini for Egyptian-Palestinian relations at the beginning of the Bronze Age’, BASOR 256:63.

  Wenke, R.J. (1989) ‘Egypt: origins of complex societies’, Annual Review of Anthropology 18:129–55.

  ——(1991) ‘The evolution of early Egyptian civilization: issues and evidence’, Journal of World Prehistory 5, 3:279–329.

  Wenke, R.J. and Brewer, D.J. (1996) ‘The Archaic-Old Kingdom Delta: the evidence from Mendes and Kom El-Hisn’, in M.Bietak (ed.) Haus und Palast im alten Ägypten/House and Palace in Ancient Egypt, 265–85. Vienna: Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie. Untersuchungen der Zweigstelle Kairo des Osterreichischen Archäologischen Institutes, Band XIV.

  Westendorf, W. (1966) ‘Beiträge aus und zu den medizinischen Texten, I. Mafdet, die Herrin des Lebenshauses, und Seth, groß an Lebenskraft’, ZAS 92:128–43.

  Whitehouse, H. (1987) ‘King Den in Oxford’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 6: 257–67. Wildung, D. (1969a) ‘Zur Deutung der Pyramide von Medum’, RdE 21:135–45.

  ——(1969b) Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewuβtsein ihrer Nachwelt, I, Berlin: Bruno Hessling. MÄS 17.

  ——(1981) Ägypten vor den Pyramiden. Münchner Ausgrabungen in Ägypten, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern.

  Wilkinson, T.A.H. (1993a) ‘Egypt in transition: Predynastic-Early Dynastic chronology and the effects of state formation’, unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Cambridge.

  ——(1993b) ‘The identification of Tomb B1 at Abydos: refuting the existence of a king

  *Ro/*Iry-Hor’, JEA 79:241–3.

  ——(1995) ‘A new king in the western desert’, JEA 81:205–10.

  ——(1996a) ‘A re-examination of the Early Dynastic necropolis at Helwan’, MDAIK

  52:337–54.

  ——(1996b) State Formation in Egypt: Chronology and Society, Oxford: Tempus Reparatum. BAR International Series 651. Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 40.

  Willems, H. (1990) ‘Crime, cult and capital punishment (Mo’alla inscription 8)’, JEA

  76:27–54.

  Williams, B.B. (1986) Excavations Between Abu Simbel and the Sudan Frontier. The A- Group Royal Cemetery at Qustul: Cemetery L, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Oriental Institute Nubian Expedition III.

  ——(1987) ‘Forebears of Menes in Nubia: myth or reality?’, JNES 46:15–26.

  ——(1988) ‘Narmer and the Coptos colossi’, JARCE 25:35–59.

  Williams, B.B. and Logan, T.J. (1987) ‘The Metropolitan Museum knife handle and aspects of pharaonic imagery before Narmer’, JNES 46:253–80.

  Wilson, J.A. (1955) ‘Buto and Hierakonpolis in the geography of Egypt’, JNES 14:209– 36.

  ——(1960) ‘Egypt through the New Kingdom. Civilization without cities’, in C.H.Kraeling and R.M.Adams (eds) City Invincible, 124–64. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

  Winkler, H.A. (1938) Rock-Drawings of Southern Upper Egypt, I, London: Egypt Exploration Society.

  Winter, E. (1994) ‘Wer steht hinter Narmer’, in M.Bietak, J.Holaubek, H.Mukarovsky and H.Satzinger (eds) Zwischen den beiden Ewigkeiten. Festschrift Gertrud Thausing, 279–90. Vienna: Eigenverlag des Institutes fur Ägyptologie der Universität Wien.

  Wittfogel, K. (1957) Oriental Despotism. A Comparative Study of Total Power, New Haven: Yale University Press. Wood, W. (1978) ‘A reconstruction of the reliefs of Hesy-Re’, JARCE 15:9–24.

  ——(1987) ‘The Archaic stone tombs at Helwan’, JEA 73:59–70.

  Wright, H.T. and Johnson, G. (1975) ‘Population, exchange and early state formation in southwestern Iran’, American Anthropologist 77:267–89.

  Wunderlich, J. (1988) ‘Investigations on the development of the western Nile Delta in Holocene times’, in E.C.M.van den Brink (ed.) The Archaeology of the Nile Delta: Problems and Priorities, 251–7. Amsterdam: Netherlands Foundation for Archaeological Research in Egypt.

  Yadin, Y. (1955) ‘The earliest record of Egypt’s military penetration into Asia?’, IEJ

  5:1–16.

  Zarins, J. (1989) ‘Ancient Egypt and the Red Sea trade: the case for obsidian in the Predynastic and Archaic periods’, in A.Leonard and B.B.Williams (eds) Essays in

  Ancient Civilization Presented to Helene J.Kantor, 339–68. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 47.

  ——(1990) ‘Obsidian and the Red Sea trade: prehistoric aspects’, in M.Taddei (ed.) South Asian Archaeology 1987, I (Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe), 507–41. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. Serie Orientale Roma 66, 1.

  Ziermann, M. (1993) Elephantine XVI. Befestigungsanlagen und Stadtentwicklung in der Frühzeit und im frühen alten Reich, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern. AVDAIK 87.

  INDEX

  ‌

  Page numbers in bold refer to figures.

  A-Group 47, 48, 54, 176–7, 180, 181, 182

  Abadiya 49

  Abu Rawash 71, 76, 225, 362;

  boat burials 25, 257;

  brick pyramid 102, 247;

  excavations at 13, 15;

  objects from 159, 283, 291

  Abu Umuri 161

  Abusir 76, 80, 81, 359, 360–1

  Abusir el-Meleq 176 Abydos:

  Cemetery B 53, 55, 234;

  Cemetery U 31–2, 40, 48, 57, 188, 227

  (see also tomb U-j);

  excavations at 3–5, 19–20, 22–3, 25–6, 338;

  region 323, 352–5, 353;

  temple 288, 304, 306, 313–15, 355

  (see also votive offerings); town 40, 338–9, 355;

  see also Deir Sitt Damiana; funerary enclosures; Shunet ez-Zebib;

  Umm el-Qaab Abydos south 104, 278

  accession and coronation, ceremonies connected with 68, 209–10 Adaïma 266, 349

  Adjib see Anedjib administration 62, 109–49, 343;

  of the economy 116–33

  (see also treasury);

  of foreign conquests 143–4, 152, 154, 157, 166;

  origins of 111–13;

  of peripheral regions 135, 143, 149;

  priorities of 113–14;

  of the provinces 135, 139–42;

  of royal foundations 122–3, 140; source material for 110–11; structure of 145

  Afridar 152

  Aha, King 57, 66, 70–1, 202;

  and administration 125;

  and cult practices 266, 280, 281, 301–2;

  and developments in mortuary architecture 224, 238; inscribed objects of 314, 318, 337;

  and Menes 68;

  Naqada label of 203, 292, 297;

  and relations with the Near East 153, 159, 161, 164;

  and relations with Nubia 179, 180, 223;

  royal visits 221, 222, 281, 291, 317, 320;

  tomb complex of 3, 70, 233, 234–5

  Ai 159

  Akhetaa (official) 102–3, 110, 132, 133, 136

  Akhmim 296

  Amélineau, B.C. 4–5, 281

  Amka (official) 73, 121, 146

  Amuq 158

  Anedjib, King 78–9, 212, 239;

  and administration 121, 124, 127, 130;

  and foreign relations 153, 155, 161, 164;

  names and titles o
f 203, 206;

  and royal iconography 188, 275, 276;

  tomb of 78, 233, 236–7, 257

  annals (Cairo fragment) 65; census114;

  of Den 76, 77, 216, 275, 281, 284, 289, 294, 298, 305, 325;

  Djebaut shrine 318–19;

  of Djer 71, 297;

  fashioning of divine images 268, 287, 291, 294; ‘following of Horus’ 142;

  as an historical source 50, 64–6; and Huni104;

  of Khasekhemwy 93, 94, 275;

  Nile levels 83;

  of Ninetjer 85, 292, 295;

  royal titulary 200, 207; reconstruction and study of 16; religious festivals 300, 301;

  royal rituals 205, 210, 211, 279;

  of Semerkhet 79, 281, 291, 296;

  as a source for early kingship 218–23 Anti (deity) 198, 279–80, 315

  Anubis (deity) 148, 262, 263, 280–1, 297

  Apis (deity) 77, 85, 281, 300 appearance of the king 209–12 Armant:

  in the Predynastic period 30;

  rock-cut inscriptions near 56, 84, 173, 174;

  shrine 306, 312, 314;

  town 328, 336

  Ash (deity) 99, 117, 189, 263, 282

  Asyut 297

  ‘Athothis’, King 67, 235

  ‘Ba’, King 82

  Badari 83;

  as cult centre of Anti 279–80; region 356–7;

  shrine 306, 315

  Badarian 29, 30, 34, 170, 333, 352

  badges of status 29–30

  Bastet (deity) 263, 264, 282, 340

  Bat (deity) 15, 262, 263, 282–3, 291;

  see also Hathor Behdet 287

  Beit Khallaf: excavations at 5;

  seal impressions from 90, 95, 101, 102, 128, 132, 139, 140, 198, 208, 298;

  Third Dynasty mastabas 6, 97, 324, 355

  Beni Amir 24

  Berenice 169

  Bir Abbad 169 bread and beer 153;

  see also secondary products Brink, E.van den 22

  Bubastis 41–2, 282, 325, 340

  Buhen 180–1, 288

  bull’s tail 190–1

  Busiris nome 140 Buto:

  bull cult at 281, 317–18;

  as cult centre of Wadjet 200, 203, 222, 297;

  Early Dynastic building 317, 342;

  Djebaut ( b wt) shrine 69, 221, 306, 317–20, 319;

 

‹ Prev