Empires of the Indus

Home > Other > Empires of the Indus > Page 44
Empires of the Indus Page 44

by Alice Albinia


  Mirza, Ilyas and Rachel Jenkins, ‘Risk factors, prevalence and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan: systematic review’, British Medical Journal, London, 3 April 2004 (328:794)

  Mishra, Madhusudan, The Rgveda in the Indus Inscriptions, Delhi, 2003

  Monbiot, George, ‘The freshwater boom is over. Our rivers are starting to run dry’, Guardian, London, 10 October 2006

  Monier-Williams, Monier, Sanskrit–English Dictionary, Delhi, 1995 [1899]

  Moon, Penderel, Wavell: The Viceroy’s Journal, London, 1973

  ——Divide and Quit: An Eyewitness Account of the Partition of India, Delhi, 1998 [1961]

  Morgenstierne, Georg, Report on a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India, Norway, 1932

  Mosley, Leonard, The Last Days of the British Raj, London, 1962

  Mountbatten, Louis, ‘Viceroy’s Personal Report No. 17. Plus Appendix I: Summary of the Award of the Punjab and Bengal Boundary Commission and the Radcliffe Report’, 16 August 1947 [Listowel Collection, India Office Records, British Library: L/PO/6/123]

  Muhammad, Ghulam, ‘Festivals and Folklore of Gilgit’, in Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1907 (I)

  Muhammad, Tufail and Naeem Zafar, ‘Situational Analysis Report on Prostitution of Boys in Pakistan (Lahore and Peshawar)’: www.ecpat.net/eng/publications/Boy_Prostitution/PDF/Pakistan.pdf, June 2006

  Muir, J., Original Sanskrit Texts on the origin and history of the people of India, their religions and institutions, London, 1868–73

  Murray, Stephen O. and Badruddin Khan, ‘Pakistan’, in Sociolegal Control of Homosexuality: a Multi-Nation Comparison, ed. Donald J. West and Richard Green, New York, 1997, pp.119–26

  Mussafir, Muhammad Siddiq, Ghulami ain Azadi Ja Ibratnak Nazara, Hyderabad, 1952

  ——Manazil Mussafir, Kuliyat Mussafir, Hyderabad, 1965 (second edition; text completed 2 October 1952)

  Naidu, Uthaya, ‘Bible of Aryan Invasions: 1500 BC–1000 AD’, http://www.light1998.com/The-Bible-of-Aryan-Invasions/bibai1.html

  Naipaul, V. S., Among the Believers: an Islamic Journey, London, 1981

  ——India: a Million Mutinies Now, London, 1991 [1990]

  ——Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions among the Converted Peoples, London, 1998

  Napier Papers: ‘British Prospectus of North of India, Guzerat, and Indus Commercial Company’ [European Manuscripts Collection, British Library: Add. 49115], 1843

  Napier, Charles, ‘Memorandum on Sind’ [1846], in ‘Correspondence concerning India’ [National Archives, London: PRO/30/12/14/5], 1845–58

  ——‘Memorandum by Sir Charles Napier on stream navigation of the Indus and Punjab rivers’ [Dalhousie Muniments, National Archives of Scotland: GD45/6/402], 24 July 1849

  Napier, W. F. P., The Conquest of Scinde, London, 1845

  Narain, A. K., ed., Studies in Buddhist Art of South Asia, New Delhi, 1985

  Nayyar, A. H. and Ahmed Salim, in The Subtle Subversion: The State of Curricula and Textbooks in Pakistan, Islamabad, n.d. [c. 2003]

  Nazim, Muhammad, The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, Cambridge, 1931

  Norberg Hodge, Helena, Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh, London, 2000 [1991]

  ——Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh, VHS, 1993

  North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Government of, ‘Hisbah Bill’, Law, Parliamentary Affairs and Human Rights Department, Government of NWFP, Peshawar, 2005

  Oppenheimer, Stephen, Out of Eden: The Peopling of the World, London, 2003

  Padmanabhan, Manjula, Getting There, London, 2000

  Pande, B. M., ‘Neolithic Hunting Scene on a Stone Slab from Burzahom, Kashmir’, in Asian Perspectives, Hong Kong, 1971 (XIV)

  Pandey, Gyanendra, ‘India and Pakistan, 1947–2002: Statistics and Their Meaning’, in Economic and Political Weekly, Mumbai, 16 March 2002 (XXXVII:11): http://www.sacw.net/partition/gpandey2002.html

  Pankhurst, Richard and Shihan de Silva Jayasuriya, eds, The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean, Trenton, NJ, 2003

  Parpola, Asko, ‘The Coming of the Aryans to Iran and India’, in Studia Orientalia, Helsinki, 1988 (LXIV, pp.195–302)

  Pauwels, Heidi R. M., ‘The Great Goddess and Fulfillment in Love: Radha Seen Through a Sixteenth-Century Lens’, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 1996

  Peel Papers, ‘General Correspondence of Sir Robert Peel, as First Lord of the Treasury (including alleged letter by Sir Henry Pottinger, condemning Lord Ellenborough’s treatment of the princes of Sind)’ [European Manuscripts Collection, British Library: Add. 40538], 1844

  Peissel, Michel, The Ants’ Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas, London, 1984

  Philostratus the Elder, The Life of Apollonius of Tyana: the Epistles of Apollonius and the Treatise of Eusebius, tr. F. C. Conybeare, London, 1912

  Pollock, Sheldon, ‘Ramayana and Political Imagination in India’, Journal of Asian Studies, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1993 (LII:2, pp.261–97)

  Possehl, Gregory L., ed., Harappan Civilization: A Recent Perspective, second revised edition, New Delhi, 1993 [1982]

  ——The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Oxford, 2002 Prakasa, Sri, Pakistan: Birth and Early Days, Meerut/Delhi, 1965 Purewal, Shinder, Sikh Ethnonationalism and the Political Economy of the Punjab, New Delhi, 2000

  Qamar, R. et al., ‘Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan’, in American Journal of Human Genetics, 2002 (LXX:5, pp.1107–24)

  Rahim, Muhammad Abdur, History of the Afghans in India AD 1545–1631, Karachi, 1954

  Rajaram, N. S., ‘Aryan Invasion–History or Politics?’: http://www. archaeologyonline.net/artifacts/aryan-invasion-history.html

  Rashdi, Sayed Hussamuddin, ‘Sufi Shah Inayat Shaheed’ and ‘Shah Inayat Sufi, the first Agricultural Reformist of Sindh’ [both articles taken from his Sindhi work, Chats about the Folk Villages], Hyderabad, 1981

  Rashid, Ahmed, Taliban: The Story of the Afghan Warlords [first edition subtitled Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia], London, 2001 [2000]

  Raverty, H. G., Selections from the Poetry of the Afghans, Lahore, 2002 [1862]

  Richter-Ushanas, Egbert, The Indus Script and the Rg-Veda, Delhi, 1997

  Roberston, William, The History of America, Dublin, 1777

  Rodinson, Maxime, Mohammed, tr. Anne Carter, London, 1971

  Ross, E. Denison, An Arabic History of Gujarat, London, 1910–28 (II)

  Russell, William Howard, My Diary in India in the Year 1858–9, London, 1860

  Saigol, Rubina, ‘Curriculum in India and Pakistan’, in South Asian Journal, October–December 2004: www.southasianmedia.net/magazine/journal/6_curriculum_india.htm

  Salomon, Richard, Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages, Oxford, 1998

  ——Ancient Buddhist Scrolls from Gandhara: The British Library Kharoshti Fragments, London, 1999

  Sanghur, Aziz, ‘Pakistan’s fishermen cast around for a solution’, Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum, Karachi, www.pff.org.pk/article.php3?id_article=92, 24 February 2006

  Sardar, Badshah, Buddhist Rock Carvings in the Swat Valley, Islamabad, 2005 Sarkar, Sumit, Modern India: 1885–1947, Delhi, 1985 [1983] Schildgen, Brenda Deen, ‘Dante and the Indus: The Salvation of Pagans’, in Dante and the Orient, Urbana, c. 2002

  Schimmel, Annemarie, ‘Shah Inayat of Jhok, A Sindhi Mystic’, in Liber Amicorum: Studies in Honor of Professor Dr C. J. Bleeker, Leiden, 1969

  ——Sindhi Literature, Wiesbaden, 1974

  ——Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth Century Muslim India, Leiden, 1976

  ——Pearls from the Indus, Jamshoro (Pakistan), 1986

  ‘Scindy Diary’ [Lambrick Collection, India Office, British Library: MssEurF208/106], 1 August 1762–31 July 1764

  Segal, Ronald, Islam’s Black Slaves: The History of Africa’s Other Black Diaspora, London, 2001r />
  Seth, Mesrovb Jacob, Armenians in India: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day, Calcutta, 1937 (quoted in ‘Sarmad, A mystic poet beheaded in 1661’, on www.crda-france.org/fr/6histoire/par_pays/inde_sarmad1.htm)

  Shakir, M. H., tr., The Holy Qur’an, University of Virginia Electronic Text Center, 1997: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/koran.htm

  Shamsie, Muneeza, ed., Leaving Home, Karachi, 2001

  Sharma, Arvind, Studies in Alberuni’s India, Wiesbaden, 1983

  Sharma, M. S. M., Peeps into Pakistan, Patna, 1954

  Sharma, Sunil, Persian Poetry at the Indian Frontier, Delhi, 2000

  Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, The Golden Temple: Its Theo-Political Status [by Sirdar Kapur Singh], Amritsar, 2002

  ——Sikh Reht Maryada: The Code of Sikh Conduct and Conventions, Amritsar, 2004

  Siddiqa, Ayesha, Military Inc: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy, London, 2007

  Singer, Isidore and Louis H. Gray, ‘Sarmad, Mohammed Sa’id’, in Jewish Encyclopedia, www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid+257&letter+S, 2002

  Singh, Fauja and Kirpal Singh, Atlas: Travels of Guru Nanak, Patiala, 1976

  Singh, Khushwant, A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469–1839, Delhi, 2005 [1963]

  ——tr., Hymns of Guru Nanak, Bombay, 1978 [1969]

  Singh, Maharaja Ranjit, Letter to Alexander Burnes, John Murray archive [now in the National Library of Scotland], n.d.

  Smith, Vincent, The Oxford History of India, Oxford, 1920

  Smyth, J. W., Gazetteer of the Province of Sind: ‘B’, Volume I: Karachi District, Bombay, 1919

  ——Volume III: Sukkur District, Bombay, 1919

  ——Volume II: Hyderabad District, Bombay, 1920

  Sorley, H. T., Shah Abdul Latif of Bhit: His Poetry, Life and Times. A Study of Literary, Social and Economic Conditions in Eighteenth Century Sind, Oxford, 1940

  Southgate, Minoo S., tr., Iskandarnamah: A Persian Medieval Alexander-Romance, New York, 1978

  Srigranth.org, a Sri Guru Granth Sahib search engine and resource: www.srigranth.org.

  Stacul, Giorgio, ‘Excavation near Ghālīgai (1968) and chronological sequence of protohistorical cultures in the Swāt valley’, in East and West, Rome, 1969 (XIX)

  ——Prehistoric and Protohistoric Swat, Pakistan (c. 3000 BC–1400 BC), Rome, 1987

  Stein, Aurel, On Alexander’s Track to the Indus, London, 1929

  Stewart, Dugald, The Collected Works, ed. William Hamilton, London, 1854 (IV)

  Stoneman, Richard, tr., The Greek Alexander Romance, Harmondsworth, 1991

  Strabo, The Geography of Strabo, tr. Horace Leonard Jones, London, 1923 (II)

  Streefland, Pieter, The Sweepers of Slaughterhouse: Conflict and Survival in a Karachi Neighbourhood, Assen, The Netherlands, 1979

  Stuart, Tristram, The Bloodless Revolution: Radical Vegetarians and the Discovery of India, London, 2006

  Swami, Praveen, ‘Unknown Heroes of Batalik’, in Frontline [magazine of The Hindu], Chennai, 17–30 July 1999 (XVI:15)

  Syed, G. M., Religion and Reality, Karachi, 1986

  Tarn, W. W., The Greeks in Bactria and India, Cambridge, 1951

  Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, tr. V. Ball, London, 1889 [Paris, 1676–7]

  Temple, Sir Richard Carnac, ‘A general view of Indian Muslim saints’ [‘First monograph of author’s researches into the nature of Zinda Peer, everliving saint of India’: Manuscript and typescript in the archives of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 96086], 1931

  Thakur, Naraindas S., Jai Jhoole Lal Life Story: Amar Uderolal, Pushkar, n.d.

  Thapar, Romila, Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Delhi, 1997 [1961]

  ——A History of India, Harmondsworth, 1966

  ——‘Megasthenes: Text and Context’, in The Mauryas Revisited, Calcutta, 1987

  ——Narratives and the Making of History: Two Lectures, New Delhi, 2000

  Thornton, Edward, A Gazetteer of the Countries Adjacent to India on the North-West, London, 1844

  Tibet Information Network, Mining Tibet: Mineral exploitation in Tibetan areas of the PRC, London, 2002

  Toru, Miura and John Edward Philips, eds, Slave Elites in the Middle East and Africa, London, 2000

  Tsuchiya, Haruko, ‘Ancient Routes in Northern Pakistan; 1996 (II) and 1997 (I)’, in Maurizio Taddei and Giuseppe de Marco, eds, South Asian Archaeology 1997, Rome, 2000, pp.889–902

  Tucci, G., The Religions of Tibet, London, 1980

  Vahia, M. N. et al., ‘Astronomical interpretation of a Palaeolithic rock carving found at Sopor, Kashmir’, to appear in Puratatva [ journal of Indian Archaeological Society], 2006, www.tifr.res.in/~vahia/papers.html

  ——et al., ‘Oldest sky-chart with Supernova record’, to appear in Puratatva [journal of Indian Archaeological Society], 2006, www.tifr.res.in/~vahia/papers.html

  ——et al., ‘Analysis of the picture found at Bomai in Sopore area by Mumtaz Ahmed Yatoo of Centre for Central Asian Studies, Srinagar, April 2005’ [unpublished], 2006

  Vernier, Martin, Exploration et documentation des pétroglyphes du Ladakh, 1996-2006, Como, 2007

  Vigne, G.T., A Personal Narrative of a visit to Ghazni, Kabul, and Afghanistan, and of a residence at the court of Dost Mohamed, London, 1840

  ——Travels in Kashmir, Ladak, Iskardo, the Countries Adjoining the Mountain-Course of the Indus, and the Himalaya, North of the Punjab, London, 1842

  Vohra, Rohit, ‘Ethnographic Notes on the Buddhist Dards of Ladakh: The Brog-Pa’, in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, Berlin, 1982 (CVII:1, pp.69–94)

  ——An Ethnography: The Buddhist Dards of Ladakh: ‘Mythic Lore–Household–Alliance System–Kingship’, Ettelbruck, 1989a

  ——The Religion of the Dards of Ladakh: Investigations into their pre-Buddhist ’Brog-pa Traditions, Ettelbruck, 1989b

  Wada, Akiko, Kalasha: Their Life and Tradition, Lahore, 2003

  Waddell, L. Austine, The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism, Cambridge, 1934 [1895]

  Waslekar, Sundeep [Strategic Foresight Group], The Final Settlement: Restructuring India–Pakistan Relations, Mumbai, 2005

  Wilson, H. H., tr., Rig-Veda-Sanhita. A Collection of Ancient Hindu Hymns constituting the First Ashtaka, or Book, of the Rig-Veda, London, 1850–54

  Wink, André, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th–11th centuries, Oxford, 1999 [1990]

  Witzel, Michael and Steve Farmer, ‘Horseplay in Harappa’, in Frontline [magazine of The Hindu], Chennai, 2000 (XVII:20), http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1723/17231220.htm

  Wolohojian, Albert Mugrdich, tr., The Romance of Alexander the Great by Pseudo-Callisthenes, New York, 1969

  Wolpert, Stanley, Jinnah of Pakistan, New York/Oxford, 1984

  Wood, John, ‘Report upon the River Indus’ [Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, India Office Records, British Library: V/23/212, Fiche nos. 1068–9, A28–9], 1838a

  ——‘Chart of the Indus River from Mittun to Attock’, by Lieutenant J. Wood, Indian Navy [India Office Records, British Library: V/23/Fiche A29], 1838b

  ——A Personal Narrative of a Journey to the Source of the River Oxus by the Route of the Indus, Kabul and Badakhshan, London, 1841

  World Tibet Network News, 28 December 1994: http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/1994/12/28_1.html

  Wriggins, Sally Hovey, XuanZang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road, Oxford/Colorado, 1996

  Xuanzang, Si Yu Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, tr. Samuel Beal, London, 2000 [1884]

  ——The Life of Hieun-Tsiang, by the Shamans Hwui Li and Yen-Tsung, tr. Samuel Beal, London, 1888

  Zaidi, Mazhar, Hassan Mujtaba and Farjad Nabi, ‘The Last of the Mohanos: Special Report’, in News International, Karachi, 21 October 1994

  Zaidi, Z. H., ed., Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers, Islamabad, 10 vols, 1993–, Volume VII: Pakistan: Struggling for Survival,
1 January–30 September 1948, 2002

  Zerjal, Tatiana et al., ‘A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y Chromo somal Insights into Central Asia’, in American Journal of Human Genetics, Chicago, 2002

  Ziring, Lawrence, Pakistan in the Twentieth Century: A Political History, Karachi, 1997

  Acknowledgements

  Towards the end of the four years it took to write this book, I received some prize-money from Michael Holroyd and the Arts Council, via an award administered by the Royal Society of Literature and the Jerwood Charitable Foundation, and this munificent gift funded the entire final year of my travel, research and writing. At the beginning, a grant from the Arts and Humanities Research Board fostered many of the ideas. In between, thank you to my agent, David Godwin, and my editor, Roland Philipps, for their support.

  It has been a privilege to write this book, to travel the course of the Indus, and to meet the many people who told me their river’s stories and debated its history. My debts are numberless in Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and Tibet, and along with those already mentioned in these twelve chapters, I would like to thank the following people. In Karachi: Kaleem Lashari, Asma Ibrahim, Dr Shershah, Sadiqa Salahuddin, Mirza Alim Baig, Nadra Ahmed, Arif Hasan, Amina Jilani, Parveen Rehman, Abdul Wahid Khan, Ajmal Kamal, Amar Mahboob, Maheen Zia, Taimur Khan, Mahera Omar, Faisal Butt, Kamila Shamsie, Vice-Admiral Syed Iqtidar Husain and Begum Romila Iqtidar, Maqbool Rahimtoola, Kashif Paracha, Taimur Kiddie, and above all, Major Inayat Sher Khan and Shahzadi Inayat. In Ibrahim Hyderi and Thatta: Muhammad Ali Shah and the Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum, especially Gulab Shah, with whom I made many journeys through the Delta. In Badin: the Young Sheedi Welfare Organization, and the matriarch and matriarchs-in-waiting of Bilali house. In Hyderabad: Zafar and Rozina Junejo, Aslam Khwaja, Mallah Muhammad Arab of the Sindh Taraqi Pasand Mallah Tanzeem, Mubarak Ali and the members of Al-Habsh, and in particular Professor G. A. Allana. In Bhitshah, the family of Aijaz Shah; in Umerkot, Mussafir Husain Shah; in Johi, Abdul Fattar Dahri; in Sehwan Sharif, Saleem Lashari, Farzana Buriro, and others at the Indus Resource Centre; in Shahdadkot, Parveen Magsi and family; in Sukkur, Mian Iqbal Ahmad Qureshi, the faqirs of Khwaja Khizr’s shrine, and especially Hasan Ali Khan for the royal hospitality he offered me in Sukkur. In the Punjab: Dr Z. H. Zaidi, Professor Dani, Jamshaid and Sara Niaz, General Husain, Dr Ahsan Wagah, Eric de la Varenne, Manzoor Khaliq, and the lovely Zainab Dar. In NWFP: principally Javed Iqbal and his family, for their Pashtun largesse; also Dhanish, Professor Ismail, Raj Wali Shah Khattak, Wazir Ajmal, Nizamullah, Bushra Gohar, BEFARe, and the family of Mian Salim-ur-Rehman. In Kabul: Hafizullah Ghastalai. In Baluchistan: the wonderful Qazis of Quetta; in Swat: Iqbal Rehman and his family, the staff of Khpal Kor, and Ahsan, Aadil and Arif; in Gilgit: Sajjad Ali Firdous; in Chilas: Sabir Hussain; in Skardu: M. Ismail Khan. In Srinagar: Professor Bandey; in Leh: Dr B.L. Malla and his team from the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. In Kashgar: Abdulwahab of the Uighur Tour and Travel Centre ([email protected]), whom I would recommend as a first port of call to anybody visiting Xinjiang or western Tibet. As I left Darchen, Tsegar was extending his home into a guesthouse, the Om Coffeehouse, and I imagine there can be no nicer place for visitors to stay.

 

‹ Prev