by Paul Ham
131. Quoted in Sheldon, p. 120.
132. Rupprecht, Diary, 16 August 1917.
133. Carrington, p. 190.
134. Yoxall, private papers, diary, 7 August 1917.
135. Bean, Anzac to Amiens, p. 349.
136. War Diary Administrative Staff, HQ 3rd Australian Division, August 1917, regimental medical officers’ reports, 7th and 8th Field Artillery Brigades.
137. Edmonds, p. 209.
Chapter 9: Those Who Walked Beside You
1. Harris, p. 364.
2. Haig, 7 November 1914.
3. Charteris, p. 243.
4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zq2y87h.
5. Quoted in Langer and Pois, p. 144; see also: http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/kiggell.htm.
6. Quoted in ibid., p. 143.
7. Quoted in Wolff, p. 169; and Lloyd George, p. 405.
8. War Cabinet Papers, 2 August 1917.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Prior and Wilson, p. 96.
12. War Cabinet Papers, 27 August 1917.
13. Quoted in Wolff, p. 213.
14. Ibid., pp. 197–8.
15. See Piketty’s conclusions.
16. Quoted in Macdonald, ebook, loc. 2532.
17. Hind, private papers, memoir, p. 96.
18. Wilkinson, private papers, letter to father, 28 June 1917.
19. Ibid., letter to father, 30 July 1917.
20. Ibid., letter to father, 5 August 1917.
21. Ibid., letter to father, 4 August 1917.
22. Ibid., letter to father, 25 August 1917.
23. Yoxall, private papers, letter to mother and family, 1 June 1916 and 2 June 1916.
24. Ibid., letter to mother and family, 1 June 1916.
25. Ibid., letters to family; see especially between December and February (1916–1917).
26. Ibid., letter to mother, 1 June 1916.
27. Ibid., letter to mother, 2 January 1917.
28. Ibid., letter to mother, 5 February 1917.
29. Ibid., letter to mother, 5 April 1917.
30. Tanner, private papers.
31. Ibid.
32. Allfree, private papers, memoir, p. 133.
33. Tanner, private papers.
34. Hind, private papers, memoir, p. 116.
35. Tanner, private papers, sermon preached in Weymouth College Chapel, Sunday 1 January 1915.
36. Tanner, private papers, diary, 12 January 1917.
37. Ibid., 20 January 1917.
38. Tanner, private papers.
39. Allhusen, private papers, diary.
40. Skirth, private papers, memoir, p. 105.
41. Ibid., p. 136.
42. Ibid., pp. 137–8.
43. Ibid., p. 111.
44. Ibid., pp. 138–9.
45. Herwig, ebook, loc. 6727.
46. Lynch, ebook, loc. 1348.
47. Holmes, ebook, loc. 2992.
48. Ibid.
Chapter 10: September 1917
1. Lynch, p. 58.
2. Ibid., p. 103.
3. Williams, ebook, loc. 110.
4. Herbert, pp. 238–9.
5. Hawkings, p. 20.
6. Roe, p. 87.
7. Dolden, p. 110.
8. Blacker, p. 237.
9. Haig, 19 August 1917.
10. Prior & Wilson, p. 108.
11. War Cabinet Papers, 7 September 1917.
12. Edmonds, p. 232.
13. Skirth, private papers, memoir, p. 73.
14. Liddell Hart, pp. 323–4.
15. Beckett and Corvi, ebook, loc. 3815.
16. See Eden, Another World.
17. Beumelburg, pp. 7–8.
18. War Cabinet Papers, Cabinet Committee on War Policy, 25 June 1917.
19. War Cabinet Papers, 4 September 1917, CAB23/13/17.pdf.
20. Edmonds, p. 233.
21. Ibid., pp. 233–4.
22. Wolff, p. 207.
23. Edmonds, p. 234 (see footnote).
24. Beckett and Corvi, p. 36.
25. Ibid., p. 37.
26. Ibid., p. 41.
27. Bean, p. 738.
28. Ibid., p. 739.
29. Ibid.
30. Ludendorff, ebook, loc. 1431.
31. Edmonds, p. 238.
32. Bean, note, p. 744.
33. McNab, p. 106.
34. Bean, pp. 757–8.
35. Edmonds, p. 245.
36. Davids, pp. 183–5.
37. Wolff, p. 211.
38. Bean, p. 757.
39. Edmonds, p. 252.
40. Schwenke, pp. 259–60.
41. Pirscher, p. 73.
42. Wohlenberg, p. 333.
43. Pirscher, p. 71.
44. Bean, p. 760.
45. Mackenzie, pp. 188–91.
46. Edmonds, p. 258.
47. Van der Fraenen, ‘Passchendaele September 1917: A Terrible Loss in an Australian Family. The Story of the Three Seabrook Brothers’, Archives, Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917, Zonnebeke.
48. ‘William Keith Seabrook’, AWM, Red Cross file, 2440806, 7 November 1917.
49. Mackenzie, p. 191.
50. ‘William Keith Seabrook’, AWM, Red Cross file, 2440806, 7 November 1917.
51. Ibid., 4 November 1917.
52. Ibid., 11 November 1917.
53. Van der Fraenen, ‘Passchendaele September 1917: A Terrible Loss in an Australian Family. The Story of the Three Seabrook Brothers’, Archives, Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917, Zonnebeke.
54. ‘Theo Leslie Seabrook’, AWM, Red Cross file, 2440805, 11 February 1918.
55. Lee, J., ‘The British Divisions at Third Ypres’, in Liddle (ed), p. 220.
56. Edmonds, note, p. 272.
57. Prior and Wilson, p. 121.
58. Pirscher, pp. 78–9.
59. Quoted in Bean, p. 761.
60. Bean, p. 761.
61. Prior and Wilson, p. 119.
62. Nasson, W., ‘South Africans in Flanders: Le Zulu Blanc’, in Liddle (ed), p. 301.
63. Bean, p. 788.
64. Quoted in Bean, p. 790.
65. War Cabinet Papers, 21 September 1917.
66. Wohlenberg, p. 332–4.
67. Ibid., pp. 340–1.
68. Bean, p. 769.
69. Grant, pp. 141–7.
70. Prior and Wilson, p. 128.
71. Bean, p. 792.
72. Ibid., p. 793.
73. Bostyn (ed), p. 75.
74. Edmonds, p. 279; other sources place the total at 20,441 – see McNab, p. 107.
75. Bostyn (ed), p. 76.
76. Bean, p. 813.
77. Edmonds, p. 284.
78. Bean, p. 813.
79. Bostyn (ed), p. 76.
80. Bean, p. 826.
81. Ibid., p. 820.
82. Edmonds, p. 290.
83. Quoted in Sheldon, p. 176.
84. Quoted in Sheldon, p. 177.
85. Terraine, Road to Passchendaele, p. 279.
86. Ludendorff, ebook, loc. 1319.
87. German Official History, xiii, p. 77.
88. Prior and Wilson, p. 131.
89. Bean, p. 827.
90. German Official History, xiii, p. 77.
91. See: https://www.awm.gov.au/people/P10676380/; and Edmonds, p. 285.
92. See: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30006584; and Edmonds, p. 262.
93. See: http://www.victoriacrossonline.co.uk/hugh-colvin-vc/4586221939; and Edmonds, p. 263.
94. Bean, p. 772.
95. Lloyd George, p. 419.
96. Ibid., pp. 416–17.
97. Suttie, p. 240, note 122.
Chapter 11: Odyssey of the Wounded
1. Butler, pp. 209–10.
2. Butler, pp. 275–6, note 14.
3. Ibid.
4. Lynch, p. 167.
5. Butler, p. 282, note 31.
6. The London Gazette, 14 September 1917; see: https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30284/supplement/9531.
7. Butler, p. 282;
see also Gristwood, p. 87.
8. Whitehead, I., ‘Third Ypres – Casualties and British Medical Services: an Evaluation’, in Liddle (ed), p. 180.
9. Butler, pp. 275–6, note 14.
10. Butler, p. 211.
11. Bostyn (ed), p. 180.
12. Ibid., p. 181.
13. Collins, ebook, loc. 62.
14. Butler, p. 359.
15. Ibid.
16. Herwig, p. 296.
17. Vera Brittain, quoted in Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
18. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 2469.
19. Butler, pp. 331–2.
20. Collins, ebook, loc. 2189.
21. Ibid., loc. 2201.
22. Paxman, ebook, loc. 3691.
23. Collins, ebook, loc. 2215.
24. Herwig, p. 296.
25. Butler, pp. 331–2.
26. Whitehead, I., ‘Third Ypres – Casualties and British Medical Services: an Evaluation’, in Liddle (ed), p. 180, in Liddle (ed), p. 184.
27. Cushing, p. 166.
28. Lynch, ebook, loc. 4542.
29. Butler, pp. 331–2.
30. Miller, p. 171.
31. Collins, ebook, loc. 2104.
32. Oram, p. 55.
33. Herbert, ebook, loc. 1427.
34. Butler, p. 463.
35. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 2922.
36. Whitehead, I., ‘Third Ypres – Casualties and British Medical Services: an Evaluation’, in Liddle (ed), pp. 175–200.
37. Reverend Julian Bickersteth, quoted in Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
38. Butler, p. 462.
39. Whitehead, I., ‘Third Ypres – Casualties and British Medical Services: an Evaluation’, in Liddle (ed), pp. 175–200.
40. Ibid., p. 193.
41. From Cushing, From a Surgeon’s Journal.
42. Cushing, p. 213.
43. Witnessed by Sapper Harold Clarke, Royal Engineers, Autumn 1917, quoted in Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
44. Cushing, p. 192.
45. Elsie Grant, Australian nurse, letter, AWM PR00596.
46. Edmund Blunden, quoted in Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
47. Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
48. Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
49. Tubby Clayton, quoted in Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
50. Captain Philip Gosse, quoted in Talbot House Museum, Poperinghe.
51. Leahy, pp. 42–3.
52. Lynch, p. 254.
53. Ibid.
54. Brazier and Sandford, p. 210.
55. War Cabinet Papers, 7 May 1917.
56. Quoted in Chambers, p. 559.
57. Wilson, ebook, loc. 13331.
58. New Statesman, 15 December 1917, p. 248–9.
59. Wilson, ebook, loc. 13331.
60. Ludendorff, ebook, loc. 844.
61. War Cabinet Papers, 24 September 1917.
62. Ibid., 18 September 1917.
63. The Dundee Courier, 21 September 1917.
64. East London Advertiser, 11 January 1918.
65. Simkins, p. 183.
66. Wilson, ebook, loc. 13236.
67. Quoted in ibid., loc. 13288.
68. Greene, p. 45.
69. The Daily Mail, 8 August 1917.
70. Lloyd George, p. 420.
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid., p. 423.
73. Badsey, S., and Taylor, P., ‘Images of Battle: the Press, Propaganda and Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), p. 372.
74. Quoted in Best, pp. 50–1.
75. Ibid., p. 123.
76. Sheffield, Forgotten Victory, p. 50.
77. Riddle, p. 267.
78. See Herwig, Chapter 7: Death, disease and doctors.
79. Muir, pp. 143–4.
80. See Ham, Hiroshima Nagasaki, Chapter 20: Hibakusha.
81. Paxman, ebook, loc. 3695.
82. Quoted in Biernoff, p. 30.
83. Birnie, private papers, letter to parents, 26 October 1917.
84. Wilkinson, private papers, letters.
85. Hind, private papers, memoir, pp. 74–5.
86. Herwig, p 253.
87. Ibid., p. 280.
88. Ibid., p. 291.
89. Ibid., p. 284.
90. Ibid., p. 254.
91. May, p. 332.
92. Herwig, p. 273; Herwig’s description is drawn from Healy.
93. Ibid., p. 292.
94. See Ham, Young Hitler.
95. ‘Spotlights on History: The Blockade of Germany’, The National Archives, United Kingdom, www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/spotlights/blockade.htm; see also Grebler, p. 78.
96. Ibid.
97. Aldington, p. 276.
98. Simkins, p. 81.
99. Santanu Das, ‘The Dying Kiss: Gender and Intimacy in the Trenches of World War I’, World War I Centenary, JISC, http://ww1centenary.oucs.ox.ac.uk/body-and-mind/the-dying-kiss-gender-and-intimacy-in-the-trenches-of-world-war-i.
100. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 2469.
101. Aldington, p. 278.
102. Ibid., p. 182.
103. Ibid., p. 287.
104. See: http://www.lettersofnote.com/2011/04/finished-with-war-soldiers-declaration.html; see Commons Debate: http://siegfried-sassoon.firstworldwarrelics.co.uk/html/protest.html.
105. Aldington, p. 201.
106. Ibid., p. 202.
Chapter 12: The Cruellest Month
1. Haig, 28 September 1917.
2. Quoted in Wilson, ebook, loc. 12086.
3. Wilson, ebook, loc. 12086.
4. Bean, p. 833.
5. Edmonds, p. 297.
6. Quoted in Wilson, ebook, loc. 12066.
7. Hussey, J., ‘The Flanders Battleground and the Weather in 1917’, in Liddle (ed), p. 145.
8. Quoted in Bean, p. 857.
9. Lynch, p. 232.
10. Bean, p. 838, 2nd Division Artillery Diary.
11. Edmonds, p. 304.
12. See Bean, p. 839.
13. Bean, note, p. 849.
14. Edmonds, p. 305.
15. Tyne Cot Cemetery, exhibit.
16. Bean, p. 852.
17. Ibid., p. 855.
18. Otto, private papers, postcard, 10 October 1917.
19. Allhusen, private papers, letter to his mother, 18 October 1917.
20. Ibid.
21. Bradby, W. J., ‘Polygon Wood and Broodseinde’, Stand-To, vol. 8, no. 5, September–October 1963, pp. 19–22, 27–28.
22. Edmonds, p. 308.
23. Quoted in Leahy, p. 32.
24. Bean, p. 875.
25. Kennedy, private papers, letter, 5 October 1917.
26. Quoted in Harper, p. 45.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., p. 48.
30. Edmonds, p. 308.
31. See: http://www.warwickfusiliers.co.uk/pages/pg-60-private_arthur_hutt_vc/; Edmonds, p. 310.
32. See: http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/vc/vc11.html; Edmonds, p. 313.
33. See: http://www.devonheritage.org/Places/Tiverton/ThomasSage.htm; Edmonds, p. 315.
34. Bostyn (ed), p. 97.
35. Hurley, pp. 52–4.
36. Bean, p. 876, see note about German regimental history.
37. Harper, p. 42.
38. Edmonds, p. 316.
39. Bean, p. 876; and Ludendorff, ebook, loc. 1470.
40. Rupprecht, vol. II, p. 271.
41. Bean, p. 883.
42. Ibid., p. 884.
43. Birdwood, p. 316.
44. Perry, ebook, loc. 5674.
45. Sherriff, ebook.
46. Quoted in Bean, p. 883.
47. Haig, 26 and 28 September 1917; see also Beckett, ebook, loc. 3894.
48. Edmonds claims the meeting occurred; Prior and Wilson could find ‘no contemporary record’ of the conference.
49. Bean, p. 881.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid., p. 885.
52. Quoted in Harper, p. 9.
53. Bean, pp. 884–88. See also undated diar
y entry, item 89, 3DRL, 606 AWM.
54. Anstey, p. 189.
55. Edmonds, p. 328.
56. Ibid., p. 329.
57. Quoted in Bean, p. 891.
58. For details, see Bean, p. 886.
59. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 3742.
60. Ibid., loc. 3754.
61. Lee, J., ‘The British Divisions at Third Ypres’, in Liddle (ed), p. 221.
62. See account by Sherriff, R. C., in, McNab, ebook, loc. 1500.
63. Edmonds, p. 336.
64. Hurley, p. 64.
65. Leahy, letter to mother, 10 October 1917.
66. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 3793.
67. Allhusen, private papers, diary, 5–8 October 1917.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid.
72. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 3835.
73. Ibid., loc. 3807.
74. Charteris, p. 259.
75. Quoted in Prior and Wilson, p. 154.
76. Ibid., p. 155.
77. War Cabinet Papers, 11 October 1917, Conclusion, General Military, concern at situation, CAB23/13/21.
78. Haig, 10 and 11 October 1917.
79. Edmonds, p. 342.
80. Haig, 10 and 11 October 1917.
81. Sheffield, Haig, p. 243.
82. Ibid.
83. Quoted in Harper, p. 63.
84. Bean, pp. 903–4.
85. See Chasseaud, P., ‘Development of the Survey Organisation’, in Liddle, (ed).
86. Quoted in Bean, pp. 906–7.
87. Quoted in Wilson, ebook, loc. 12150.
88. Wade, pp. 57-8.
89. Quoted in Ekins, A., ‘The Australians at Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), p. 243.
90. Ibid.
91. See: https://www.awm.gov.au/people/P10676249/.
92. Bean, p. 917.
93. Pugsley, C., ‘The New Zealand Division at Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), p. 275.
94. Phillips, Boyack and Malone, p. 145
95. Quoted in Phillips, Boyack and Malone, p. 145.
96. Quoted in Harper, p. 70.
97. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 3910.
98. Ibid., loc. 3964.
99. Quoted in Harper, p. 74.
100. Pugsley, C., ‘The New Zealand Division at Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), p. 275-280.
101. Quoted in Harper, p. 28.
102. Ibid.
103. Pugsley, C., ‘The New Zealand Division at Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), p. 285.
104. Quoted in Harper, p. 87.
105. Ibid., pp. 87–8.
106. Pugsley, C., ‘The New Zealand Division at Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), pp. 287-88.
107. Quoted in Harper, p. 90.
108. Ekins, A., ‘The Australians at Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), p. 243.
109. Bostyn (ed), p. 125.
110. Harper, p. 83.
111. Quoted in Pugsley, C., ‘The New Zealand Division at Passchendaele’, in Liddle (ed), p. 286.
112. Butler, p. 219.
113. Macdonald, ebook, loc. 3997.
