Spain: U.S. geoeconomics impacting, 155
Sputnik I, 164
Stalin, Josef, 160, 163
State Asset Foreign Exchange (SAFE), 137, 148–149
State capitalism, 36–37, 42–43, 53, 54, 55, 73–74, 88, 106, 116, 131, 137, 139–140, 147–148, 148–149, 183, 269n15
Steil, Benn, 21, 202
Stewart, Thomas, 33
Stimson, Henry, 159
Strange, Susan, 21–22
Subramanian, Arvind, 141, 181
Sudan: Chinese investment in, 43, 44–45, 46, 137, 138–139; contracts bolstering autocratic regimes in, 45, 46; U.S. geoeconomics related to, 316n35
Suri, Jeremi, 33, 74–75
Sweden: U.S. geoeconomics impacting, 157, 161
Syria: Chinese geoeconomic influences in relation to, 130; Gulf countries’ assistance to, 34, 132, 133; Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, 5, 133, 194, 214–215; Middle East peace process and, 194; North Korean black market sales to, 105; sanctions against, 196
Taft, William Howard, 153
Taiwan: agricultural sector, 97, 99–100, 101; Chinese geoeconomics related to, 4, 46, 56, 84, 93, 95–102, 130, 135, 137, 140–141, 143, 301n57; Chinese military actions toward, 95, 96; Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement in, 101; cyberattacks against, 101–102; Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement of, 97, 98; financial and monetary policy impacting, 100, 143; mass demonstrations in, 101; sanctions for relations with, 96; Taishang (business leaders) in, 100; Taiwanese stock exchange (TAIEX) in, 96–97, 99, 100; Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, 96; trade and investment policies with China in, 97–98, 99, 101
Tajikistan: Russian trade policy with, 50
Taliban, 35, 72, 124
Taxes and tariffs, 42, 134, 245–246
Telvent, 62
Temasek, 89
Terrorist attacks. See 9/11 terrorist attacks and response
Thailand: Chinese geoeconomics in, 116, 117; economic assistance by, 118
Thant Myint-U, 119
Thorning-Schmidt, Helle, 129
Tibet: Chinese geoeconomics related to, 4, 129–130
Tilly, Charles, 74
TNK-BP, 42
Togo: Chinese geoeconomics related to, 138
Tonga: PALM participation by, 110
Toynbee, Arnold J., 251
Toyota, 108, 109
Trade Act of 1974, 238
Trade Act of 1984, 228
Trade policy: Chinese geoeconomics using, 97–98, 101, 107–109, 112–113, 115, 119–120, 131, 134–138, 175–176, 189, 330n101; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 245; as geoeconomic instrument, 5, 12, 27, 50–53, 97–98, 101, 107–109, 112–113, 115, 119–120, 131, 134–138, 153, 154–157, 161–162, 164, 165–166, 168–170, 173, 175–177, 180–185, 188–189, 190–191, 217, 223, 228, 229–231, 235–236, 238, 240, 245–246, 276–277n10, 277n19, 293–294n201, 326n46, 330n101, 333n14; licensing requirements in, 135–136, 170; North American energy revolution impacting, 217; North American Free Trade Agreement, 180, 181, 230–231, 293–294n201; Omnibus Trade and Competitive Act of 1988, 182; Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, 153, 180–181, 184–185, 190–191, 217, 223, 229–230, 236, 238; Trans-Pacific Partnership, 12, 180–184, 190–191, 217, 223, 229–230, 231; U.S. geoeconomics using, 27, 50, 153, 154–157, 161–162, 164, 165–166, 168–170, 173, 175–177, 180–185, 188, 190–191, 217, 223, 228, 229–231, 235–236, 238, 240, 245–246, 326n46, 330n101, 333n14
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 153, 180–181, 184–185, 190–191, 217, 223, 229–230, 236, 238
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), 12, 180–184, 190–191, 217, 223, 229–230, 231
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership, 181
Truman, Edwin, 187–188
Truman, Harry S., 28, 162–163
Tunisia: U.S. Arab Spring response in, 195–196, 239, 240, 241
Turkey: energy industry in, 6, 85
Turkmenistan: Chinese geoeconomics impacting, 147, 150
Tuvalu: Chinese geoeconomics impacting, 96; PALM participation by, 110
Ukraine: economic assistance to, 5, 73; energy industry in, 4–5, 43, 210, 217; EU joining by, 277n16, 277n17; financial and monetary policy impacting, 81; geoeconomic impacts on 2014 crisis in, 21; Russian bailout of, 39, 55, 73, 81; Russian encroachment in, 4–5, 36, 210, 223, 256; Russian trade policy with, 50–52; U.S. geoeconomics in, 21, 248–249
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd., 119
Union Top Management, 105
United Arab Emirates (UAE): economic assistance by, 5, 71; investment policy in, 88; military power and actions of, 133
United Kingdom: American Revolution against, 154–157; Chinese geoeconomics impacting, 150–151; cyberattacks against, 64; geoeconomics of, 26, 36, 75, 83, 87, 223; sanctions against, 156; shipping insurance transacted in, 58; U.S. geoeconomics impacting, 3, 154–157, 158, 159–160
United Nations: Chinese influence on, 4, 44, 46, 105, 130, 137, 138; India’s bid to join, 233; Iranian relations with, 197, 212
United States Steel, 62
US Economic Statecraft for Survival (Dobson), 22
U.S. foreign policy: Afghani relations in, 35, 46, 254; alliances focused on geoeconomics impacting, 230–231; American Revolution in, 154–157; Arab Spring response in, 195–196, 239–242, 248, 252; Asian pivot in, 2, 39, 70, 106, 156, 194, 215, 229, 251, 252; budget shifts from military to geoeconomics impacting, 228; bureaucratic structures to support geoeconomics in, 246–248; Chinese geoeconomics related to, 94, 96, 98, 106–110, 111–112, 113–114, 121–123, 179–183, 186–187, 224–225, 231–232, 236, 256, 330n101; climate change in, 218–219, 237; Cold War in, 33, 34, 163, 164–173, 176–177, 253; Congressional overhaul/rules of engagement for geoeconomic policies in, 228, 248–249; containment policy in, 166, 167, 253; cyberattacks impacting, 225–226, 237–239; détente policy in, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171; domestic economic and national security interplay in, 225–226, 263nn8–9; emerging market development aid in, 242–245; energy revolution as lasting gains for, 235–236; executive branch understanding of geoeconomics in, 228–229; foreign economic policy distinction from, 153–154, 266n36; geoeconomic potential in, 13–16, 179–203; grand strategy, national interests and geoeconomics in, 17, 251–257; historical context for geoeconomics and, 2–4, 12–13, 22, 25, 33, 152–178; Indian relations in, 121–123, 232–234; international system changes impacting, 33–48; Iranian hostage crisis in, 171, 190; Iraqi relations in, 35, 46, 254; Japanese relations, 94, 106–110, 230, 232; Korean war in, 163; Lend-Lease policy in, 3, 159–160, 162; Middle East/North Africa focus in, 194, 195–196, 200–201, 215, 239–242, 252, 256; military power and actions in, 1–2, 3–4, 35, 46, 121, 122–123, 154–162, 163, 166–176, 194, 221–223, 228, 234, 248, 253–254, 255, 256; moral/ideological stances impacting, 172–173; National Security Strategy in, 173–174, 263n9; 9/11 terrorist attacks and response impacting, 122, 174–175, 197, 203, 254; Pakistani relations in, 121–123, 201; post-World War-era, 162–166; presidential/White House backing for geoeconomics in, 227–228, 246–248, 253; prioritization of geoeconomics in, 221–223; reorientation of, in age of economic power, 16–17, 220–250; resource allocation in, 221; rising powers geoeconomics challenges for, 224–225; robust economic growth impacting, 226–227; rules-based order in, 15, 184, 186–187, 188, 190, 202, 226, 259n1; rules overhaul to improve, 245–246; Russian issues addressed via, 36, 234–235, 256 (see also Sanctions: Russian); Southeast Asian relations, 111–112, 113–114, 156; state capitalism impacting, 37; Tawainese relations in, 96, 98; tensions between economics and, 25, 47–48, 177–178; trade agreement passage impacting, 229–231; twenty-point agenda for, 226–250; Vietnam War in, 3, 168, 328n61; World Wars I and II in, 3, 28, 36, 157–162, 251
U.S. geoeconomics: academic programs teaching, 249; Alaska purchase in, 156; alliances focused on, 230–231; ambivalence toward, 152–154; American Revolution-era, 154–157; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank absence of, 115; backfires in, 153; boycotts
in, 158; budget shifts from military to, 228; bureaucratic structures to support, 246–248; centrality to global financial system impacting, 90–92, 151; Chinese bilateral investment treaty in, 136; Chinese geoeconomic response via, 231–232; Civil War-era, 2, 156; Cold War-era, 33, 34, 163, 164–173, 176–177, 253; Commission on Foreign Economic Policy in, 3, 164; Congressional overhaul/rules of engagement for, 228, 248–249; costs of, 189–190; cyberattacks in, 47, 60, 61–63, 64–68, 191–192, 225–226, 237–239, 285–286n111; definition and description of, 19–22; “dollar diplomacy” in, 152, 153, 158; economic assistance in, 69, 70, 72, 118, 122, 125, 162–164, 166, 200–201, 239, 240, 242–245, 339nn75–76; effectiveness of current vs. potential effectiveness of, 180–191; embargoes in, 27, 59, 121, 155–156, 157–158, 163–164, 171–172, 173, 267n44; energy policies in, 16, 38, 86, 90, 167, 175, 201–202, 204–219, 235–236, 316n35, 342n36, 343–344n50; Exchange Stabilization Fund in, 82; executive branch understanding of, 228–229; Export-Import Bank in, 3, 159, 187, 249; financial and monetary policy in, 75, 77–80, 82–85, 90–92, 144–147, 168–169, 182, 188–189, 192–193, 321–322n100, 333n14; foreign policy reorientation in age of, 16–17, 220–250; geoeconomic instruments in/impacting (see Geoeconomic instruments); golden age of, 162–166; grand strategy, national interests and, 17, 251–257; history of foreign policy and, 2–4, 12–13, 22, 25, 33, 152–178; introduction to/overview of, 1–18; investment policy in, 53, 56, 57, 88, 136, 191, 227, 241, 242–245; loans in, 3, 28, 79–80, 159–160, 162, 166, 195, 248–249; Louisiana Purchase in, 2, 155; moral/ideological stances impacting, 172–173; NAFTA in, 180, 181, 230–231, 293–294n201; North American energy revolution and, 16, 38, 90, 201–202, 204–219, 235–236, 342n36, 343–344n50; Office of Economic Warfare in, 161, 202; post-World War-era, 162–166; potential of, 13–16, 179–203; presidential/White House backing for, 227–228, 246–248, 253; reasons for shifts in, 6–8, 176–178; resource allocation in, 221; robust economic growth impacting, 226–227; rules-based order in relation to, 15, 184, 186–187, 188, 190, 202, 226, 259n1; sanctions in, 36, 58–59, 66, 67, 90, 91, 96, 105, 132, 136, 138, 143–144, 152, 155–156, 189–190, 192, 196–200, 216, 222, 223, 234–235, 244, 249, 337–338nn67–68, 343–344n50; security and economic tensions reinforcing one another in, 47–48, 177–178; structural limitations on, 191–202; trade policy in, 27, 50, 153, 154–157, 161–162, 164, 165–166, 168–170, 173, 175–177, 180–185, 188, 190–191, 217, 223, 228, 229–231, 235–236, 238, 240, 245–246, 326n46, 330n101, 333n14; Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership in, 153, 180–181, 184–185, 190–191, 217, 223, 229–230, 236, 238; Trans-Pacific Partnership in, 180–184, 190–191, 217, 223, 229–230, 231; twenty-point agenda for, 226–250; Ukraine impacted by, 21; Vietnam War-era, 3, 168, 328n61; World Wars I and II-era, 3, 28, 36, 157–162, 251
USSR. See Soviet Union
Uzbekistan: contracts bolstering autocratic regimes in, 45; Russian relations with, 5
Venezuela: Chinese investment in, 43, 45, 46, 139–140, 275n60; contracts bolstering autocratic regimes in, 45, 46; economic assistance to, 74, 140; energy industry in, 38, 45, 208, 209, 236, 275n60; geoeconomics of, 39
Venture for America, 244
Vietnam: Chinese geoeconomics impacting, 111, 113, 120, 145, 147, 183, 307n141; energy industry in, 38, 183, 208; Trans-Pacific Partnership talks including, 12; Vietnam War in, 3, 168, 328n61
Vilks, Andris, 77
Viner, Jacob, 31
Wade, Abdoulaye, 139
Wallace, Henry, 160
Wanbao Mining, 119
Wang Yilin, 86, 147
Wars. See Military power and actions
Washington Energy Conference, 175
Wells Fargo, 66
Wen Jiabao, 62
Westinghouse Electric, 62
Wethington, Olin, 141
White, Harry Dexter, 160, 184
William III (king), 75, 83
Wilson, Woodrow, 152, 158
World Bank, 4, 73–74, 107, 115, 139, 142, 230, 241, 243
World Economic Council, Global Agenda Council on China, 140
World Trade Organization (WTO), 50, 52, 89, 181, 188, 189, 224, 246
World Wars I and II, 3, 28, 36, 157–162, 251
Xi Jinping, 40, 68, 86, 98, 106, 111, 114, 117, 149
Xinhua, 78
Xiyang, 104
Yahoo, 136
Yang Ching-long, 143
Yang Jiechi, 89
Yanukovych, Viktor, 39, 51, 249
Yeltsin, Boris, 174
Yemen: counterterrorism operations in, 248; Houthi rebel conflict in, 6, 71; U.S. geoeconomics impacting, 241, 248
Yoo, David, 292n191
Zarate, Juan, 23
Zardari, Asif Ali, 126
Zhang Mingqing, 99
Zheng Lizhong, 101
Zhu Rongji, 118
Zimbabwe: Chinese investment in, 43, 46, 137–138; contracts bolstering autocratic regimes in, 45, 46; geoeconomics of, 39
Zoellick, Robert, 23, 25, 152, 176, 182, 252–253
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