by Ian Mortimer
enclosures, 35–8, 91
English language, 154–7
entertainment, 346–402
epilepsy, 317
Epsom, 360
Epsom waters, 296
Erickson, Amy Louise, 428
Etherege, Sir George, 281, 394–5, 399
etiquette see manners
Eton College, 288
Evelyn, George, 326
Evelyn, John: attitude to marriage and social status, 80; author’s verdict on, 407; on Berkeley House, 248; on book collections, 375; on Boyle, 135–6; and brother’s bladder stones, 320; buildings owned by, 117; on child prodigies, 139; on Clarendon House, 242; and coach travel, 217, 220, 221; on coinage problems, 171; on Commonwealth period, 3, 4; on consumption, 305; on the countryside, 33; death of his children, 144–5, 290; entertains French traveller, 131; on Fenland drainage, 39; and fine art, 369–70, 373; and food and drink, 261, 271, 281; and French attack on Teignmouth, 162; on Gibbons, 247; and Great Fire of London, 22, 23–4; on Great Plague, 303; and highwaymen, 220; on hurricane of 1690, 149; interest in travel, 133, 134; on Ipswich, 77; leisure activities, 348, 355, 365; marriage, 57; and music, 388; and newspapers, 163; on old age, 58; plan for new London layout, 25; portraits of, 371–2; and the rich, 65; on smallpox, 307; on Stonehenge, 366; and superstition, 96; on Swallowfield, 244; and theatre, 399; on treatment of animals, 128; on Whitehall Palace fire, 29
Evelyn, Mary (diarist’s wife), 57, 373, 381
Evelyn, Mary (diarist’s daughter), 141, 144–5, 204, 205 Evelyn, Richard, 320
Evelyn, Susanna, 141
Exclusion Crisis (1679–81), 83, 84
executions see crime and punishment
Exeter: coffee houses, 284; health matters, 312–13, 315; houses, 43, 44, 253; and national transport network, 218–19; overview, 43–5; plague, 303; population, 41; tradesmen, 67–70; water supplies, 278; witchcraft, 101
explosives see gunpowder manufacture
Eyam, 304–5
fairs, 177–80, 346–50
faith healers, 97
Falmouth, 46–7
famine, 259–61
fanatics, 105
farming see agriculture; cattle farming; sheep farming
Farynor, Thomas, 20
fasting, 263–4
Félibien, André, 370
fencing, 357–8
Fenland drainage, 39, 214
Fenner, Captain, 113
Fergussone, Isobel, 100
Feris, Thomas, 194
Fiennes, Celia: attitude to scenery, 31; author’s verdict on, 406; on Carlisle, 40, 46; clothes, 202; on Exeter, 44, 45; on ferries, 226; and food and drink, 262, 279, 433; on fuels for heating and cooking, 256, 275; on highwaymen, 220; leisure activities, 355; on old age, 58; on Richmond, 47; on roads, 211; on Scotland, 50, 207; on signposts, 213; on smoking, 287; on spas, 294–5; on stately homes, 243–4; staying at inns, 240; on Stonehenge, 366; on travel for travel’s sake, 29–30; on units of measurement, 166–7; on Verrio, 245; on Welsh being spoken in Shrewsbury, 157
Fifth Monarchists, 105
financial services, 171–3
fire brigades, 54
fire-eating, 348
fire insurance, 28
fireplaces and chimneys, 252, 254–5
fires, 20–5, 28–9, 48–9, 53–4
fish, 277
fishing, 275–6, 353–4
Flamsteed, John, 97, 135, 136, 138
Flatman, Thomas, 373
fleas, 240, 301
Fleming, Barbara, Lady, 57
Fletcher, John, 394
flogging, 341
Floyer, Sir John, 297
flying, 138
fontages, 204
food: cooking, 270–2, 275, 276–7; eating out, 272–5; food poisoning, 261; and health, 292; in ordinary households, 275–7; overview, 258–77; preserving, 270; prices, 259–60, 261, 267–70; regional specialities, 261–2; in wealthy households, 267–72
football, 358–9
Forbes, Duncan, 54
Forbes, Henry, 99
forceps, 310
foreigners and strangers: attitudes to, 116–21; visiting Britain, 131
Forest of Dean, 149
fornication see sexual crimes
fountains, 244
Fox, George, 106
Fox, Sir Stephen, 65
fox hunting, 361
France: French attack on Teignmouth (1690), 162; persecution of Huguenots, 108–9, 118; population, 56
Franklin, Benjamin, 426
Freame, John, 171
French language, 157–8
fuels, 256, 275
Fuller, Isaac, 373, 391
Fuller, Thomas, 378–9
furniture, 239, 240, 248–50, 251, 253, 255–6
future, foretelling the, 96
Gaelic language, 157
gambling, 351, 355, 356, 360–1, 362, 363, 365 games see sports and games
Gaming Act (1664), 356
gaols, 339–41
gardens, parks and grounds, 17–18, 243–5
Garway, Thomas, 285–6
Gaunt, Elizabeth, 322
gender issues see women
genealogy, 403
geography, 33–40
George, Alice, 57, 58
Gerard, John, 376
Gerard, Lord, 365
Gerrard, Sir Gilbert, 80
ghosts, 95–6
Gibbons, Grinling, 247, 392
Giles, Tom, 307, 318
gin, 283
Glasgow, 50–1, 53, 171, 284, 417–18
globes, 423
Glorious Revolution (1688–9), 85
Gloucester, 42, 262, 312–13, 340, 342, 355
Gloucester, Henry, duke of, 162, 289
Gloucestershire, 214, 262
gloves, 193, 200, 205
Godfrey, Sir Edmund, 108
golf, 359
gorgets, 201
Gould, Thomas, 171
gout, 311
Gowdie, Isobel, 99–100
gowns see dresses and gowns
Grabu, Louis, 388
Grafton, duke of, 114, 216
Graham, James, 80, 142
Grand Tour, 130–1
Graunt, John, 138, 261
Great Fire of Edinburgh (1700), 53–4
Great Fire of London (1666), 20–5
Great North Road, 212
Great Ouse river, 227
Great Plague (1665), 301–5
Great Yarmouth, 41, 42, 262, 284
Greatorex, Ralph, 16, 39, 137
Greatrakes, Valentine, 97
Greenhill, John, 373
Griffin, Richard and Charity, 253
Groombridge Place, 242
Guildford, 227, 239
guilds, 67
gunpowder manufacture, 33–4
Gunpowder Plot Day, 152–3
guns, 361
Gwyn, Nell, 82, 109, 114, 400–1
hair, 192–3, 203
Halifax, 125, 430
Halifax, Lord, 82, 86
Hall, Jacob, 347–8
Halley, Edmond, 106–7, 131, 136, 138
Hampshire, 167, 262
Hampton Court, 245, 251
Hancock, Elizabeth, 304
handkerchiefs, 193, 205
hanging, 335–7
hanging, drawing and quartering, 334–5
Harding, William, 324
Harris, Simon, 126
Harrogate, 294–6
Hart, Charles, 398, 400–1
Harvey, William, 291
Hastings, 416
Hastings, Henry, 122
hats, 165, 191, 194, 195, 202
hawking, 361
Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 241
Haydon, Francis, 438
Hazeltine, Richard, 253
health: diseases and remedies, 297–310; medical experimentation, 137; medical practitioners, 310–20; medical reference books, 310–11; medical thinking, 290–3; medical treatment for poor, 78; overview, 289–320; and superstition, 96–7
heating, 252,
254–5, 256
height, 184–5
Helmont, Jan Baptista van, 291
Herbert, Sir Matthew, 250
Herbert, Thomas, 130
Herefordshire, 279
heresy, 102
Herrick, Robert, 201
Heyrick, Elizabeth, 58
Hickes, John, 321
highwaymen, 220, 335, 336–7
Highworth, 256
Hill, John, 338
Hill, Captain Richard, 400
histories and biographies, 378–9
Hoare, Richard, 171
Hobbes, Thomas, 58, 379
Holier, Thomas, 320
Hollier, Mr (surgeon), 97
Holmes, Bridget, 373
Holmes, Sir Robert, 124
Holt, Sir John, 120
homicide see murder
homosexuality, 112, 324
honour codes, 122–5
Hooke, Grace, 112, 307
Hooke, Robert: as architect, 27, 28, 241, 251, 309; as designer, 216; diseases in his household, 307; dramatic representations, 396; as scientist, 135, 136, 137–8; sex life, 112; treatment of his servants, 76
hop trade, 179
horoscopes, 96
horse racing, 360–1
Horseheath Hall, 242
horses, 38, 217, 221–2
Houblon, James, 283
Houghton, John, 209, 312–13
households, 59–60, 63
houses: aristocracy, 63–4; interiors, 245–57; in
London, 10, 13–15, 26–8; in other towns, boroughs and cities, 43, 44, 250–4; property prices, 71; rural, 39–40, 254–7; Scottish, 50, 52, 53; stately homes and country houses, 241–50, 366–7
Howard, Lord, 221
Howard, Bernard, 124
Howard, Edward, 381
Howard, Colonel Thomas, 124
Howe, Lord, 217–18
Hoyle, William, 120
Huguenots, 108–9, 118, 185
Hull see Kingston upon Hull
Humfrey, Pelham, 389, 390
humour, sense of, 145–7
humours, 290–1
hunting and trapping, 275–6, 361
Huntingdonshire, 415, 420
hurling, 353
Hutchinson, Lucy, 86–7
Huygens, Christian, 136
Huysmans, Jacob, 372
Hyde, Anne, 84
hygiene, 296–8; see also sanitation
Hythe, 416
identity, development of personal, 94, 406
imprisonment, 339–41
incest, 111
income, 59–60, 62–3, 64–5, 70, 72–6
India, 6–7
Indulgence, Declaration of (1672), 162
industries, 33–4, 44–6, 50–2; see also tradesmen Infanticide Act (1624), 323
inns and taverns, 43, 237–40, 272–5, 280, 281; signs and names, 238
insults, 165–6
insurance, 28, 172
Ipswich, 41, 42, 77, 304
Ireland, 7
ironing, 209
Irwell river, 227
Islam, 133, 134, 298
Italy, 121, 124, 130
jackets see coats and jackets
James I, king of Great Britain and Ireland, 287
James II, king of Great Britain and Ireland: and Anne Hyde, 158; attempts to recapture throne, 109; authority, 82; and Catholicism, 84, 109; character and overview of reign, 84–5; children’s lifespan, 290; clothes, 188, 189; coach accidents, 220; coronation, 388; deposed, 85; entertains Chinese intellectual, 131; Exclusion Crisis, 83, 84; French tastes, 247; and Gunpowder Plot Day, 152–3; and Gwyn, 401; hair, 192; leisure activities, 359; meeting with Cosimo III, 165; mistresses, 147, 152; and Monmouth’s Rebellion, 322; Scottish trip, 50; sense of humour, 147
James, Henry, 339
James, John, 107
Jeffery, Thomas, 256
Jeffreys, Judge George, 321–2, 380
Jenkins, Capt. William, 124
Jermyn, Henry, 124
jewellery, 205
Jews, 109–10, 118
Johnson, Philip, 338
Jones, Inigo, 12, 14, 366
Jones, Sir William, 248
Jonson, Ben, 391, 393
Jorden, Edward, 293–4, 299
Josselin, Jane, 308
Josselin, Ralph: access to books, 374–5; on his children’s death, 144; on end of Commonwealth period, 4; on Gloucester’s death, 162; and health matters, 310; on old age, 58; servants, 76; and superstition, 95
juries, 330, 331
Kaufmann, Miranda, 422
Kent, 33, 35, 278, 284, 362, 436
Kent, countess of, 310–11
Kent, William, 245
Kéroualle, Louise de, 114, 203
ketch-dolt, 363–4
Kibworth Harcourt, 242
Killigrew, Sir Peter, 46
Killigrew, Thomas, 391
kilts, 194–5
Kimber, John, 285
Kimbolton Castle, 374–5
King, Sir Edmund, 314
King, Gregory, 34, 55–6, 59–60, 62, 76, 430
King, Henry, 381
King’s Company, 391–2, 394, 395
King’s Evil, 96–7, 305
King’s French Music, 387
King’s Italian Music, 387–8
King’s Lynn, 42
Kingston Lacy, 242
Kingston upon Hull, 42, 342
Kinross House, 242 Kirby, Charles, 354
Kitchen, Sarah, 202–3, 206
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 119, 131, 371–2
Königsberg, 134
Kynaston, Edward, 398–9
Laguerre, Louis, 372
Lake District, 31, 262
Lancashire, 213, 278
land ownership and management, 34–9, 62
landed gentry, 64, 65
Lane Poole, Mrs Reginald, 419
Langdon, John, 415
language, 154–8
Lanier, Nicholas, 387, 388
Lanyon, John, 19–20
Laslett, Peter, 405
Lassels, Richard, 130
Latin, 158
laundry, 208–9
law and order see crime and punishment
Lawes, Henry, 389, 391
lawyers, 52, 329
laxatives, 318–19
Leaver, Robert, 336–7
Leeds, 42, 222, 227, 368, 430
Leicester, 42, 45, 278, 342
Leicestershire, 415
leisure pursuits, 346–402
Leith, 51
Lely, Sir Peter, 371, 374
Lent, 263
Lenthall, Sir John, 246
l’Estrange, Sir Ralph, 163
Leycester, Sir Peter, 375
libraries, 374–6
lice, 299
Licensing Act (1662), 162, 163
life expectancy, 56–8, 290
lighting: domestic, 249, 256–7; rural, 214; street lights, 18–19, 214
Lima, 134
Lincoln, 46, 186, 217, 222, 239, 251, 252–3
Lincolnshire, 39, 415
link boys, 214
Lisle, Lady Alice, 321–2
Lisle, Lord John, 321
literacy, 139–42
literature, 92, 377–86
Liverpool, 42, 45, 227, 342
Lloyd, Temperance, 100–1
Lloyd’s of London, 172
Locke, John, 58, 281–2, 314, 355, 363, 379–80, 391 Locke, Matthew, 389
London: anti-Catholic riots, 109; book collections and libraries, 375; bridges, 11–12, 226; Christmas celebrations, 151; coffee houses, 284–5; diseases, 305, 308; dissenters, 106, 107; dominance in English affairs, 30; eating out, 273; entertainment and leisure activities, 346–50, 355, 357–8, 361, 362, 364–5, 437; executions and other punishments, 335, 336, 341; financial services, 171–3; foreigners in, 118; gardens and parks, 17–18; Great Fire, 20–5; great rebuilding, 25–8; hairdressers, 203; hospitals, 309, 318; houses and other buildings, 10–15, 26–8, 251; inns and taverns, 239, 281, 282–3; Jews, 109–10
, 118; markets, 18–19, 182–3; Misson on Londoners, 116; morality, 110, 114; museums, 367–9; noise, 17; other fires, 28–9; overview, 9–30; plague, 301–3; policing, 327; pollution, 9, 16, 19–20; popular opinion of, 19; population, 13, 29–30; postal services, 159–62; prostitution, 112, 342; public concerts, 389; public toilets, 166; shopping, 180–3; sightseeing in, 365–6; storms, 149; street lighting, 18–19, 214; theatre, 390–402; transport, 215, 216, 218, 223–6; treatment of animals, 127–8; units of measurement, 168; water supplies, 278; women, 89
landmarks: Arlington House (later Buckingham Palace), 28; Baynard’s Castle, 11; Bedford House, 14; Berkeley House, 27, 240–1, 248; Bethlehem (Bedlam) Hospital, 309; Birdcage Walk, 17; Bloomsbury Square (formerly Southampton Square), 15; Bridewell, 341; Bridgewater House, 28–9; British Museum, 368–9; Buckingham House, 370; Canon Street, 180; Cheapside, 11, 180; city wall, 9–10; Clarendon House, 27, 242; Covent Garden, 14, 183; Denmark House, 12; Devonshire Square, 27; Dorset Garden Theatre, 392; Downing Street, 23; Exeter Exchange, 181; Fleet Prison, 340, 355; Fleet Street, 13; Golden Square, 27; Great Queen Street, 15; Green Park, 17; Guildhall, 11; Hatton Garden, 15; Hungerford House, 28; Hyde Park, 17, 18; King Street, 26; Leadenhall Market, 18; Leathersellers’ Hall, 12; Leicester Square, 27; Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 15; Little Britain, 180; London Bridge, 226; London Stone, 10, 24; the Mall, 17; Middle Exchange, 181; Montagu House, 28, 251; the Monument, 27; Navy Office buildings, 28; New Exchange, 181; Nonsuch Palace, 365; Old Bailey, 340; Pontac’s, 281, 282; Queen Street, 26; Red Lion Square, 27; Rotten Row, 18; Royal Academy (Burlington House), 27; Royal Exchange, 11, 24, 26, 180–1; St James’s Palace, 375; St James’s Park, 17, 18; St James’s Square, 27; St Paul’s Cathedral, 12–13, 19, 22–3, 24, 26, 27; St Paul’s Churchyard, 180, 182; Shadwell, 27, 28; Smithfield Market, 18–19, 182, 221; Soho Square, 27; the Standard, 10–11; Steelyard, 11; Thames Street, 10, 180; Theatre Royal, 28, 391, 392; Tower of London, 9, 19, 365–6; Tradescant’s Ark, 367–8; Vauxhall Gardens, 17–18; Wellclose Square (formerly Marine Square), 27; West End, 13–14; Westminster Palace, 15, 19; Whitehall Palace, 15, 19, 29, 245, 365, 369
London, George, 245
The London Gazette, 162, 163
lotteries, 175–6
Lovat, Lord, 331
Lowther, Sir Christopher, 47
Lowther, Sir John, 47
Lowther, Mrs, 428
Ludlow, 46
Lynch, David, 418
Mace, Thomas, 58, 199
Macleod of Assynt, 331
Magalotti, Lorenzo: on atheism, 1067; author’s verdict on, 407; on Axminster, 4; on Cambridge University, 158; on cutlery, 265; on dissenters, 103; on entertainments, 352, 354; on Exeter, 43–4; on London, 15, 19, 89, 216; on Plymouth, 45–6; on poetry, 381; on smoking, 287; on Stonehenge, 366
magic see superstition and magic
magistrates, 328
make-up and cosmetics, 204–5
malaria, 292, 300, 306
Manby, Elizabeth, 252–3
