by Max Weber
Samuelsson, Kurt, xlivn
Say, Jean-Baptiste, xxxv
Scaff, Lawrence A., lxiin
Schäfer, Dietrich, 133
Schmidt, F. J., 319
Schneckenburger, Matthias, xlvn, 78, 97, 131, 142
Schulze Gävernitz, Gerhart, 319, 325
Schumpeter, Joseph, xxviii–xxix
Schwenckfeld von Ossig, Kaspar, 100, 173
Sée, Henri, xxv
Seligman, Caroline, xv
Seligman, Edwin, xv
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (Seneca the Younger), 52
Shakespeare, William, 268
Shelley, Mary, xxxiii–xxxiv
Simmel, Georg, 315, 370
Small, Albion, xv
Smith, Adam, 29, 109
Sombart, Werner, xiii, xv, xxii, xxiii, xxxiii, xxxvii, xliin, 19, 26, 48, 49, 50, 62, 178, 195, 221, 223, 230n, 236, 247, 256, 262 – 63, 275, 287, 325, 341 – 52, 370
Sorokin, Pitirim A., xxvii
Spangenberg, August Gottlieb, 92, 134
Speier, Hans, xxx
Spencer, Herbert, 227
Spener, Philipp Jacob, 67, 90, 91, 94, 102, 106, 134, 155, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 168, 174, 179, 180, 183, 184 – 85, 199, 200, 308, 311
Spinoza, Baruch, 158
Stoecker, Adolf, 210, 217
Strauss, Leo, xxx, xxxi
Tauler, Johannes, 32, 56, 54, 60, 141, 159, 160
Tawney, R. H., xxv
Taylor, Hudson, 137
Thomas à Kempis, 154, 159
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 29, 58 – 59, 60, 63, 64 – 65, 107 – 8
Tönnies, Ferdinand, xiii, 213
Troeltsch, Ernst, xiii, xiv, xxxiv, xlvn, 129, 135, 152, 217 – 18, 219n, 240, 244 – 45, 246 – 48, 249, 251, 266, 286 – 88, 315, 318, 320, 323, 344
Varro, Marcus Terentius, 347 – 48, 349
Veblen, Thorstein Bunde, 331
Virchow, Rudolf, xlivn
Vischer, Friedrich Theodor, 162
Voët, Gisbert (Gijsbert) (Gisbertus Voetius), 7, 39n, 146, 153, 154
Voltaire, 27
Wahl, Adalbert, 254, 325, 328
Washington, Booker T., xv, 334
Weber, Alfred, xxvi, 267
Weber, Marianne, x, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xxvi, xxxiv, lxiin
Weiß, Johannes, xxxvii
Wells, Gordon, ii, lxix
Wesley, Charles, 124n, 167
Wesley, John, 35, 41n, 85, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 138, 163, 167
White, George, 161, 187
Whitefield, George, 85, 167
Wilhelm II, i, xi
William of Orange, 155
Williams, Roger, xl, 156
Wycliffe, John, 349, 354
Xenophon, 347
Zeller, Eduard, 138
Zinzendorf, Nikolaus Ludwig, 67, 90, 91 – 93, 94, 97, 119, 160, 165, 167 – 68, 182
Zwingli, Huldrych, 33, 41n, 125n
SUBJECT INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
Page numbers followed by the letter n refer to editors’ notes.
Weber’s notes are indexed as text.
acquisition of wealth, 5, 19, 359
in Fischer’s critique, 221, 226, 236
psychology of, 221, 226, 236, 259 – 60, 296
in Rachfahl’s critique, 259 – 60, 261, 264 – 65, 295 – 96
and raising of wages, 16
retirement following, 175
striving for, asceticism and, 106, 115, 116
see also wealth
adaptation, 238
afterlife, concern about, 214
fear and, 75, 165
agriculture, 117, 269
America, x–xi, xxi, 47, 95, 121, 128, 308, 314
“‘Churches’ and ‘Sects’ in North America,” xv–xvi, xix–xxi, 203 – 20, 246
church membership in, xix–xx
democratic character of, xxi, 212 – 13, 214, 307, 323
disrespectfulness in, 172
exclusiveness in, 213, 307
German families in, 204
German scholars’ trip to, xiii–xv
New England, 2, 14, 47, 114, 117, 155, 198, 268, 269, 271, 274, 304 – 5, 333
reception of Protestant Ethic in, xxv–xxxi
secularization of life in, 129 – 30, 204, 305
Southern states of, 269
American Catholic Sociological Society, xxviii
Amsterdam, 272
orphans of, 137
Anglican Church, 67, 68, 128, 250
anthropology, 369
antiauthoritarianism, xxi, 113, 172, 211 – 12
antinomianism, 96, 138, 167
Apocrypha, 111
aristocracy, 102, 218
Aristotelian philosophy, 165
Arminianism, 39n, 123n, 128, 271, 273, 337
art, 114 – 15, 271, 357 – 58
asceticism, xviii, xxxix, lxx, 6, 225, 308 – 11
antiauthoritarianism and, 113, 172
Baptist movement and, 98, 103
calling and, see calling
Calvinism and, xviii, xix, 82 – 87, 101
capitalist spirit and, 103 – 22
in Catholicism, 4 – 6
church regulation of, 103 – 4
of entrepreneur, 24
goal, task, and means in, 81
idolatry and, 211
and justification by works, 33, 102
Methodism and, 95, 98
monastic, see monasteries, monasticism
Pietism and, 87 – 89, 90, 91, 93
and proving oneself, see proof of God’s election
Rachfahl’s critique and, 244, 248 – 50, 251, 284, 288, 292 – 93
rational, 80 – 82, 90, 104, 244, 251; see also rationalism, rationalization
religious foundations of, 67 – 105
and saving money, 117, 296 – 97
sexual, 107, 309
in towns, 179
Asian cultures, xxxv, 368
associations, xxi, 206, 213 – 14, 307
Augsburg Confession, 54, 57, 72, 162
auri sacra fames, 14, 15, 24, 295
Austria, 7
authority, 113, 136, 152, 172, 211 – 12
Baden, xlivn, 3, 43, 44
banks, bankers, 20, 45, 46, 361, 370
baptism, 100, 151, 305
Baptist Confession, 85, 143
Baptists, Baptist movement, x, xix, xx, xli, 67, 87, 93, 98 – 104, 119, 128, 253, 272
Calvinism and, 67 – 68
discipline and, 208
General, 168, 169
in North Carolina, 207
Particular, 168
“sect” character of, 210
size of congregations in, 209
Basel, 254, 328
Bavaria, 3
begging, 110
Belgium, 229
Bernardinism, 154
Beruf, see calling
Bewährung, see proof of God’s election
Bible, 37n, 111, 116, 172, 191, 298, 334
Apocrypha, 111
Baptists and, 99, 100
calling and, 28, 30 – 31, 53, 55, 56, 58
Calvinism and, 83 – 84, 173
Corinthians, 31, 79, 111
dual God in, 132
Ecclesiasticus (Jesus Sirach), 28, 52, 53, 56, 57 – 58, 111
Genesis, 64
grace and, 79
Methodism and, 97
Mosaic law in, 111 – 12
birthright, 148, 188
bookkeeper, God as, 84 – 85
bookkeeping, 360, 362 – 63
Book of Sports, 113, 170, 274
bourgeois (bürgerlich) classes (middle classes), xl, 3, 20, 111, 113, 116, 117, 268, 274, 294, 298
calling and, 118 – 19, 120
rising of, 255, 295, 364
in towns, ascetism and, 179
/> use of word, in this text, 37n
Bracebridge Hall (Irving), 178
Britain, see England
Brooklyn, NY, 204, 269
business conduct, 102 – 3
church membership and, xix–xx, 205 – 6, 207 – 8, 305 – 7
business leaders:
religious denomination of, 1 – 8
see also entrepreneurs
calculation, calculability, 241, 277, 359 – 60, 363, 364, 365
calling (vocation; Beruf), xvii, xviii, 18, 19, 24 – 25, 27, 67 – 202, 239, 246, 284, 301, 312 – 13
Baptists and, 101 – 2
change of, 110, 183
Christian charity and, 75 – 76
division of labor and, 108 – 9
Fischer’s critique and, 222 – 23
as form of worship, 164
Franklin and, 12 – 13
as God’s command, 108, 110
idleness and, 107
irrationality and, 28
Luther’s conception of, 28 – 33, 108, 109, 221, 222 – 23, 298
Methodism and, 98
middle-class ethic of, 118 – 19
moneymaking as, 119 – 20
moral aspects of, 25 – 26
multiple, 109 – 10
Pietism and, 93
profitability of, 110 – 11
as proof of election by God, xviii–xix, xxxix, 77 – 78, 109, 119, 208 – 9
Quakers and, 109
Rachfahl’s critique and, 257, 260 – 61, 262, 264, 265 – 66, 272, 295, 296, 297 – 98, 299
and ranking of careers, 197
submission to, 32, 108, 109
usefulness of, 110
use of word in this text, lxix
use of word through history, 28
wealth as fruit of, 116
Calvinism, xxxi, xxxix, xlixn, 12, 17, 33, 35, 47, 67, 68, 69 – 87, 92, 99, 100, 103, 105, 111, 153, 173, 228, 253, 272, 303
art and, 114
asceticism and, xviii, xix, 82 – 87, 101
Baptists and, 67 – 68
business sense and, 6 – 7
capital and, 117
Christian charity and, 75 – 76
control exercised by, 2, 103
and development of capitalism, 224 – 25
emotional states and, 89, 95
in France, 5
idolatry and, 102, 211
Lutheranism and, 33, 86 – 87, 150
Methodism and, 95, 96, 97, 98
migration of, 229
Pietism and, 87 – 88, 89, 92, 93, 95
predestination (election by God) in, xviii–xix, 38n, 69 – 74; see also predestination
Rachfahl’s critique and, 248
rationalism of, 76
social organization of, 75, 134
capital, 117, 293, 296, 359 – 60
capitalism, 13, 294 – 95, 313, 358 – 65
adventure, 315, 361, 365, 370
ancient forms of, 241, 278, 316, 360
“auri sacra fames” in, 14, 15, 24, 295
bookkeeping in, 360, 362 – 63
calculation in, 241, 277, 359 – 60, 363, 364, 365
early, of modern age, 256
free labor and, 362, 363, 364
Luther’s views on, 30
moral purpose abandoned by, xiii
pre-Reformation, xlviiin, 36, 221, 223, 234 – 35, 244
rationalism and, 26 – 28; see also rationalism, rationalization
and relation of religious denominations to social stratification, 1 – 8, 223 – 24
and separation of residence from business, 195, 362 – 63
system of, relation of capitalist spirit to, 262 – 66
traditional, see traditionalism
types of, 361
workers in, see workers
see also wealth
capitalist spirit, xvi, 8 – 28, 283 – 84, 294, 300, 316
asceticism and, 103 – 22; see also asceticism
calculability and, 241
calling in, see calling
capitalist system and, 262 – 66
Catholicism and, 289, 290 – 91
development of, in traditionalist systems, 21 – 23
Fischer’s psychological explanation of, 221, 225 – 28, 233, 236 – 38
Franklin as voice of, 9 – 13, 14, 19, 221, 222, 270
group discipline and, xix–xx
ideal type of, xvii
idolatrous tendencies and, 293
Protestant ethic and, xvii–xviii, xxi–xxii, xxiv–xxv, xxviii–xxix, xxxviii, xl, 33 – 36, 103, 224 – 25, 251, 258 – 59, 290, 298 – 300
Rachfahl’s critique and, 244, 245, 252 – 53, 289 – 92, 295, 297
rationality in, xix
religious indifference and, 23, 24
state regulation and, 103
toleration and, 252 – 53, 254, 289 – 92
traditionalism vs., xvi–xvii, 15 – 16
Catholic Center Party, xlivn
Catholics, Catholicism, x, xi, 27, 29, 47, 68, 79, 80, 81, 99, 146, 154, 169, 317
asceticism and, 82
Calvinism as viewed by, 33
capitalist spirit and, 289, 290 – 91
control exercised by the Church in, 2
discrimination against, xi
education and, xlivn, 3
French, 5
Irish, 61
journal-keeping and, 84
medieval, 80
and participation in Communion, 304
penance and, 141
predestination and, 138
psychological premiums offered by, xxxix
in skilled trades, 3 – 4
social stratification and, 1 – 8, 253
toleration and, 157
unworldliness of, 4 – 6
vocation and, 25
Cavaliers, 116, 147
certitudo salutis, see proof of God’s election
charity, 75 – 76, 110
Chicago, IL, xv, 204
stockyards in, xiv–xv
China, 121, 358
China Inland Mission, 137
Christianae Religionis Institutio (Calvin), 38n, 72, 191, 193
Christian charity, 75 – 76
Christian Directory (Baxter), 106, 136, 147, 150, 174, 177
Christianity, 80, 356
working life and, 31
Christliche Welt, Die, xii, xvi, 203
church and state, relationship of, 156, 171, 210
churches:
in America, xix–xx, 203 – 20
defined, xx, 203
institutional character of, 210
membership in, as guarantee of trustworthiness, xix–xx, 205 – 6, 207 – 8, 305 – 7
policing by, xx, 103 – 4, 105
sects contrasted with, xx–xxi, 99, 104, 203, 209 – 17
social functions of, xix, 206
see also specific denominations
“‘Churches’ and ‘Sects’ in North America” (Weber), xv–xvi, xix–xxi, 203 – 20, 246
Cistercians, 81
civilization, history of, see history of culture
class struggles, 363 – 64
clothing, 114
Cluniacs, 81, 177
Collected Essays in the Sociology of Religion (Weber), 203, 341
prefatory remarks to, 356 – 72
comfort, 116
commenda, 360
commercialization, 363
Communion, see Holy Communion
communism, 89, 148, 363
conduct of business life, see business conduct
conduct of life (Lebensführung), 2, 5, 11, 23, 24, 63, 65, 79, 82, 84 – 85, 94, 225, 232, 234, 297, 317
in America, 204
Baptist, 102
calling in, see calling
Catholic, 5
and election by grace, 74
of entrepreneur, 23, 24, 26
Methodist, 95, 98
psychological drives and, 87
Rachfahl’s critique and, 245, 247
rationalism in, 27, 92, 104; see also rationalism, rationalization
use of term in this text, lxx
see also asceticism; ethical values
confession, 74, 84, 91, 92, 94, 302, 303
confirmation, 210
conscience, 100, 101, 102, 103, 173, 212, 295
“conservative,” “aristocratic” and, 217, 219
consumption, 115, 116 – 17
Contemporary Sociological Theories (Sorokin), xxvii
Contrat Social (Rousseau), xl
contrition, 148
conventicles, 89, 92, 113, 153, 154, 158, 159, 161, 170
conversion, 95, 97, 98, 143, 161
Corinthians, 31, 79, 111
cultural religion, 215
culture:
history of, see history of culture
Puritanism and, 74, 113 – 15
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, xl
democracy, xxi, 172, 212 – 13, 214, 218, 307, 323
dilettantism, 368
discipline:
group, xix–xx
military, 147
Divine Comedy, The (Dante), 33
Dordrecht (Synod of Dort), 39n, 70, 72, 138, 153, 193, 271
Dutch, see Netherlands
Ebionites, 126n
Ecclesiasticus (Jesus Sirach), 28, 52, 53, 56, 57 – 58, 111
economics, social, xxxv–xxxvii
economy, economic life, 13, 358, 366
capitalist, see capitalism
norms of, 13
rationalism in, see rationalism, rationalization
religion and, xxxiv–xxxv, 118, 119
selection in, 13
subsistence, 19
traditional, see traditionalism
Economy and Society (Weber), xxvii, xxxvi, xli
education, xlivn, 2, 102, 165
in cultural history, 358
Educational Alliance, 189
election by grace, see predestination
emigrants, see immigrants, emigrants
emotions, 81, 84, 85, 88 – 90, 92 – 95, 97, 135, 138, 141, 147, 154, 168
grace and, 96
Herrnhut community and, 92 – 93, 95
Methodism and, 95 – 97
Pietism and, 88 – 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 179
Puritanism and, 74
social groups and, 213
employees, see workers
employers, 94 – 95, 199
calling of, 119 – 20
traditional, xvii
employment, see work
England, x–xi, xxi, xxv, xliiin, livn, 4, 7 – 8, 68, 97, 101, 117, 128, 245, 272, 314
Calvinism in, 2, 67 – 68, 69, 131
Labour Party in, 42n
law in, 27
national character and, 34 – 35
enjoyment, 5, 112 – 13, 115, 298, 309, 312 – 13, 330 – 31
of oysters, 195, 244, 267, 331 – 32
Enlightenment, x, xiii, 7, 74, 121, 155, 157, 168, 294
entrepreneurs, 20, 95, 275, 276, 312, 364
ethical qualities of, 22 – 23, 26
