Chuanzi Decheng: 船子徳誠 [Sensu Tokujō]. Ca. eighth–ninth century, China. Studied with Yaoshan Weiyan, Qingyuan Line, for thirty years and became one of his heirs. Under the persecution of Buddhism by Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty, he disguised himself as a boatman on Wu River, in Huating (Jiangsu), and taught. After transmitting dharma to Jiashan Shanhui, he turned over the boat and disappeared into the water.
Chuyuan: See Ciming Chuyuan.
Ciming Chuyuan: 慈明楚圓 [Jimyō Soen]. 987–1040, China. Dharma heir of Fenyang Shanzhao, Linji School. Also called Shishuang Chuyuan. Ciming trained assiduously, jabbing himself in the leg with an awl if he ever felt sleepy during evening meditation. Taught at Mount Shishuang, Tan Region (Hunan). Teacher of Huanglong Huinan and Yangqi Fanghui, regarded as founders of the two major orders of the Linji School.
circle: 圓相 [ensō], literally, circle form. Represents enlightenment. 團圝 [danran], literally, circle round. Represents intimacy.
circle of the way: 道環 [dōkan], literally, way ring. For Dōgen, each person’s practice of the way at each moment encompasses aspiration (for enlightenment), practice, enlightenment, and nirvāna. Also, each person’s practice is actualized by the practice of all buddhas throughout time, and at the same time actualizes the great way of all buddhas. Thus, the circle of the way has its micro aspect (the former) and macro aspect (the latter).
circle, creating a: 打一圓相 [da ichi ensō].
circle, draw a: 作一圓相 [sa ichi ensō].
circle, rotating a: 回環 [kaikan].
circulate: 周旋す [shūsen-su].
circumambulation: 巡堂 [jundō]. Greeting circuit in the monks’ hall.
circumstances: 時處 [jisho], literally, time and place.
circumstances, turn: 轉境 [tenkyō].
clarifying dharma, gate of: 法明門 [hōmyō mon].
class, warrior: 刹利種 [setsuri shu].
cleaning monk: 淨頭 [jinjū].
Cleansing: 洗淨 [Senjō]. Seventh fascicle of this book.
clear: 玲瓏 [reirō], literally, crystal clear.
cloud: 雲 [un/kumo]. Represents freedom of moving about, not having a fixed abode. Often indicates a monk’s life. Also represents the realm of nonduality.
cloud and water: 雲箇水箇 [unko suiko]. 箇 [ko] is a suffix with no additional meaning.
cloud hall. See also monks’ hall.
cloud or a waterweed, wander about like a: See wander about like a cloud or a waterweed.
cloud robes and mist sleeves: 雲衲霞袂 [unnō kabei]. Monk who wears Buddhist robes.
Clouds and moon are one, valleys and mountains are separate: 雲月是同渓山各 別 [ungetsu zedō, keizan kakubetsu]. The Buddha’s original teaching is one but it is expressed and experienced in myriad ways.
clouds arising below one’s feet: 足下雲生 [sokka unshō].
coin: 寶貝 [hōbai], literally, treasure shell.
cold/heat. 寒暑 [kansho]. Represents birth/death.
come forward, not: 不進 [fushin].
coming and going: 去来 [kyorai]. 1. Conventional way of viewing birth and death, past and future, as coming from somewhere and going somewhere else. 2. In Dōgen’s usage, total experience of the continually arising moment of now.
comment: 拈古 [nenko], literally, take up ancient (words). Commentary. 頌古 [juko], literally, poem on ancient (words); commentary in verse.
commentaries and verses: 頌古拈古 [juko nenko].
commentary: 典釋 [tenshaku], literally, interpreting text. 疏釋 [soshaku], literally, clarification and interpretation. 章疏 [shōso], literally, clarification.
common people and sages: 凡聖 [bonshō].
community: 會下 [eka], literally, under the assembly.
compassion: 慈悲 [jihi]. Identification with those who are suffering (Skt., karunā) and sharing wisdom and joy with them (maitrī).
compassionate admonition: 慈誨 [jikai].
Compiled Precepts in Ten Sections for Chanting: 十誦律 [Jūju Ritsu]. Collection of precepts of Sarvāstivādin School, one of the twenty early Buddhist schools of India.
Complete Enlightenment Bodhisattva: 圓覺菩薩 [Engaku Bosatsu]. One who receives the Buddha’s teaching in the Sūtra of Complete Enlightenment.
completion: 全圓 [zen’en], literally, entire circle.
composure: 雍容 [yōyō].
composure, magnificent: 巍巍堂堂 [gigi dōdō].
comprehension: 了知 [ryōchi].
conceal: 藏 [zō]. Also, treasure; treasury.
concentration, learn to do: 習禪 [shūzen]. A process of gradual attainment through increasingly advanced stages employing various methods of meditation.
condition: 縁 [en]. Circumstance. 依 [e], literally, dependence: 法位 [hōi]. State of each thing, literally, dharma position.
condition, abide in one’s: See abide in one’s condition.
condition, true: 實縁 [jitsuen].
condition complete this moment: ひとときのくらゐ/一時の位 [hitotoki no kurai], literally, position of one time. Dharma position or state of being itself, 法位 [hōi], at each moment which carries all time. An entire period of itself. The unique, nonrepeatable stage of a thing’s existence at any given moment.
conditioned by karma: 業報 [goppō], literally, reward of karma; unwholesome karma.
conditions: 衆縁 [shuen].
conditions that increase: 増上縁 [zōjō en].
conditions, gate of abiding in: 住位門 [jūi mon].
conditions, one who enters with ripened: 從縁入者 [jūen nissha].
conditions, pressing: 現前の衆縁 [genzen no shuen], literally, conditions that are present.
conditions, worldly: 世縁.
confirm: 證明 [shōmyō]. Confirmation. Also, clarification.
Confirmation: 授記 [Juki]. Thirty-third fascicle of this book.
confirmed, those who have not yet: 未證據者 [mishōko sha].
Confucius: 孔子 [Kōshi]. Kongzi. Ca. sixth–fifth century B.C.E., China. Social thinker, writer, and educator. Author of Analects.
confused: 動著 [dōjaku]. Move, sway. 疑著 [gijaku], literally, doubt. 動執 [dōshū], literally, move and be attached.
confusions, four: 四倒 [shitō], literally, four fallings. To be attached to permanence, bliss, self, and purity.
Congshen: See Zhaozhou Congshen.
Congzhan: See Baofu Congzhan.
consonants and vowels: 字母 [jimo], literally, mother letters (vowels).
contemplate the buddha way: See buddha way, contemplate the.
contemplation, straw sandal: 草鞋思惟 [sōai shiyui].
Continents, Four: 四洲 [shishū]. According to sūtras, the world consists of Eight Seas among Nine Mountains that lie around Mount Sumeru. Four Continents lie in the Eight Seas. Among them, the Great Northern Continent, Uttarakuru, is where inhabitants live for one thousand years and don’t know suffering. Therefore, they indulge in the pleasure of the present moment. The Southern Continent, Jambudvīpa, is our world on earth, where we humans live with suffering, but where there is the potential for awakening.
Continuous Practice: 行持 [Gyōji]. Thirty-first fascicle of this volume (Parts One and Two).
continuous practice, solid: 行持堅固 [gyōji kengo].
Continuous Transmission of the Lamp: See Jianzhong Jingguo Continuous Transmission of the Lamp.
control: 管す [kan-su].
cooking monk: 行粥飯僧 [gyō shukuhan sō / an shukuhan sō], literally, monk who works on breakfast and midday meal.
cotton, fine: Skt., kārpāsaka 屈眴 [kutsujun]. Cloth of core cotton threads.
Cotton Robe Tai: See Nanyue Xuantai.
country: 刹土 [setsudo]. Transliteration of Skt. kshetra [setsu], “field,” plus ideograph for “land” [do].
craving: 愛 [ai], literally; love, attachment. See also causation, twelvefold.
cream: 酥酪 [soraku]. 醍醐 [daigo].
creating, not-: 無作 [musa]. Beyond doing.
crime, grave: Skt., pārājayika. Transliteration: 波羅夷 [harai]. Offenses to the practicing community. Cause for being expelled from the sangha.
crimes, one who commits serious: 逆人 [gyakunin], literally, upside down person.
criticize: 勘破 [kampa], literally, discern and crush. See also respond and discern; turn around.
cross over, help: 得度 [tokudo], literally, attain and help arrive (at the shore of enlightenment). わたす [watasu].
Crow Stone Peak: 烏石嶺 [Useki Rei]. Located in Mount Xuefeng, Fu Region (Fujian), China. Known for its excellent view. See also Land View Pavilion.
crown: 頂上 [chōjō], literally, headtop.
crush (one’s) bones: 粉骨 [funkotsu], literally, pound (one’s own) bones to powder.
crush: 打破 [daha], literally, beat and break.
crush underfoot: 踏著 [tōjaku].
crushing, vital: 活碎 [kassai].
crystal: 頗瓈樹 [hari ju].
crystal, eight facets of clear: 八面玲瓏 [hachimen reirō]. Eight facets, 八面 [hachimen]. Crystal clarity like an eight-faceted jewel.
cuckoo: 杜宇 [tou].
Cuiwei Wuxue: 翠微無學 [Suibi Mugaku]. Ca. eighth–ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Danxia Tianran, Qingyuan Line. Taught at Cuiwei Monastery, Mount Zhongnan (Shanxi). Given the title of Great Master Guangzhao, 廣照大師 [Kōshō Daishi] by the Emperor.
cult: 黨類 [tōrui].
Cunjiang: See Xinghua Cunjiang.
cushion: 坐蒲 [zafu]. A round padded seat placed under the buttocks for sitting zazen.
custom, authentic: 古儀 [kogi], literally, old form. 故實 [kojitsu], literally, old truth.
customary in the dharma: 如法 [nyohō], literally, as it is in dharma. 常法 [jōhō], literally, permanent method.
cut off arm: 斷臂 [dampi].
cut through: 截斷 [saidan], literally, chop off. 得斷 [tokudan], literally, achieve cutting. 直截 [jikisetsu], literally, cut straight.
cut to the original source: 根源を截斷す [kongen wo saidan-su].
Cypress Tree: 柏樹子 [Hakujushi]. Thirty-sixth fascicle of this book. 子 [shi] is a suffix with no special meaning.
Da’an: See Changqing Da’an.
Daci Huanzhong: 大慈寰中 [Daiji Kanchū]. 780–862, China. Dharma heir of Baizhang Huaihai, Nanyue Line. Returned to laity during the persecution of Buddhism by Emperor Wu, but later became a monk and taught at Mount Daci, Hang Region (Zhejiang). Huanzhong means “Boundless World.” His posthumous name is Great Master Xingkong, 性空大師 [Shōkū Daishi].
Dadian Baotong: 大顛寳通 [Daiten Hōtsū]. 732–824, China. Also called Chaozhou Dadian, 潮州大顛 [Chōshū Daiten]. Dharma heir of Shitou Xiqian, Qingyuan Line. Taught at Mount Ling, Chao Region (Guangdong).
Daer, Tripitaka Master: 大耳三藏 [Daini Sanzō]. Ca. eighth century. Known for his debate with Huizhong after arriving in China from a western country. Named Dae (Large) Er (Ears) for his large ears.
Daguang: 大光 [Daikō]. Ca. twelfth–thirteenth century, China. Abbot of Ayuwang Monastery (Zhejiang), when Dōgen visited. Biography unknown.
Dahui Zonggao: 大慧宗杲 [Daie Sōkō]. 1089–1163, China. Dharma heir of Yuanwu Keqin. Attacked Caodong Zen as “silent-illumination Zen” and advocated a formal kōan Zen practice, especially for laypeople. Revived the teaching at Mount Jing, Hang Region (Zhejiang), and was regarded as the restorer of the Linji School. Author of Treasury of the True Dharma Eye, not to be confused with Dōgen’s book of the same title. In some writings Dōgen strongly criticized him. His posthumous name is Zen Master Dahui, 大慧禪師 [Daie Zenji].
Daibutsu: 大佛. Dōgen referred to himself by this name when he resided in the Daibutsu Monastery.
Daibutsu Monastery: 大佛寺 [Daibutsu-ji]. “Great Buddha” Monastery. After moving to Echizen Province, Japan, in 1243, Dōgen founded this monastery in the following year. Renamed Eihei Monastery in 1246.
daily activities: see activities, daily.
Dajian Huineng: 大鑑慧能 [Daikan Enō]. 638–713, China. Also called Laborer Huineng, 慧能行者 [Enō Anja]; Worker Lu, 盧行者 [Ro Anja]; Sixth Ancestor, 六祖 [Rokuso]; Caoxi, 曹渓 [Sōkei]; Old Buddha Caoxi, 曹谿古佛 [Sōkei Kobutsu]. Born into a poor family of Xin Region (Guangdong). Sold firewood for a living. At age twenty-four he joined Fifth Ancestor Hongren’s community. After cleaning rice for eight months, he secretly received dharma transmission from Hongren and escaped angry senior monks by fleeing to the south. Hid in a hunter’s house for four years and then became a monk. Taught at Baolin Monastery, Caoxi, Shao Region (Guangdong). While Hongren’s senior student, Shenxiu, emphasized gradual enlightenment in northern China, Huineng emphasized immediate enlightenment. As a teacher, he produced a group of excellent students who transmitted his teaching, called the Southern School of Zen. Some of his stories and dharma discourses are included in the Sixth Ancestor’s Platform Sūtra, although this text is considered spurious, both by Dōgen and modern scholars, especially the story about the poetry contest Huineng supposedly won to gain dharma transmission. His posthumous name is Zen Master Dajian 大鑑禪師 [Daikan Zenji].
Daman Hongren: 大滿弘忍 [Daiman Kōnin]. 688–761, China. Also called Huangmei. Dharma heir of Fourth Ancestor Dayi Daoxin. As Fifth Chinese Ancestor of the Zen School, taught at Mount Huangmei, later called Mount Wuzu (Mount Fifth Ancestor), Qi Region (Hubei). He had two outstanding students, Shenxiu and Huineng. Hongren is regarded as the one who established the Dongshan (East Mountain) School [Tozan Shū] (not to be confused with Dongshan Liangjie’s Caodong School), in contrast to the contemporary Niutou School. His posthumous name is Zen Master Daman 大滿禪師 [Daiman Zenji].
Damei Fachang: 大梅法常 [Daibai Hōjō]. 752–839, China. Grew up in Xiangyang (Hubei). Enlightened in the community of Mazu Daoyi, Nanyue Line, and became one of his dharma heirs. Secluded in Mount Damei (Great Plum Mountain), Ningbo (Zhejiang), for forty years, and praised Mazu’s “This very mind is buddha.”At Mount Damei he founded Husheng Monastery, where more than six hundred monks practiced.
Danxia Tianran: 丹霞天然 [Tanka Tennen]. 739–824, China. Dharma heir of Shitou Xiquan. Tianran spent his youth as a scholar and hoped to work as a civil servant, but on his way to take the exam he met a Zen monk in an inn and decided to study Buddhism instead. He practiced with both Mazu and Shitou. His iconoclastic way included outrageous behavior such as climbing onto a sacred statue in one temple, and burning a wooden Buddha to warm himself in another. He taught at Mount Tianran, Nanyang (Henan). His posthumous name is Zen Master Zhitong 智通禪師 [Chitsū Zenji].
Danxia Zichun: 丹霞子淳 [Tanka Shijun]. 1064–1117, China. Dharma heir of Furong Daokai, Caodong School. Taught at Mount Danxia, Nanyang (Henan). Teacher of Hongzhi Zengjiao.
Daochuan: See Yefu Daochuan.
Daofu: See Jingqing Daofu.
Daofu: 道副 [Dōfuku]. Ca. sixth century, China. A disciple of Bodhidharma. Biography unknown.
Daoying: See Yunju Daoying.
Daoism: 道教 [Dō Kyō]. Also, Taoism.
Daoist: 道士 [dōshi], literally, Daoist practitioner. 道家流 [dōkaryū], literally, follower of the Daoist House.
Daokai: See Furong Daokai.
Daolin: See Niaoke Daolin.
Daoming: See Muzhou Daoming.
Daopi: See Tong’an Daopi.
Daosheng: 道昇 [Dōshō]. Ca. thirteenth century, China. A Daoist studying Zen with Rujing at Tiantong Monastery when Dōgen stayed there. Biography unknown.
Daowei: See Dongshan Daowei.
Daowu: 320. See also Tianhuang Daowu.
Daowu Yuanzhi: 道吾圓智 [Dōgo Enchi]. 769–835, China. Dharma heir of Yaoshan Weiyan, Qingyuan Line. Also called Daowu Zongzhi. He studied with Baizhang Niepan and received ordination from him before practicing with Yaoshan. Traveled for many years to va
rious Zen monasteries, then resided and taught at Mount Daowu, Tan Region (Hunan). Biological and dharma brother of Yunyan Tansheng. A number of dialogues between them remain, and were commented on by Dōgen. Posthumous name, Great Master Xiuyi 修一大 師 [Shūichi Daishi].
Daowu Zongzhi: See Daowu Yuanzhi.
Daoxian: See Luoshan Daoxian.
Daoxin: See Dayi Daoxin.
Daoxuan, Precept Master: 道宣律師 [Dōsen Risshi]. 596–667, China. Regarded as founder of the Precept School in China. Taught at Mount Zhongnan, also called Mount Nan.
Daoyi. See also Mazu Daoyi.
Daoyu: 道育 [Dōiku]. Ca. sixth century, China. A disciple of Bodhidharma. Biography unknown.
dark action: See action, dark.
darkness: 暗頭 [antō]. Also, night, which often represents the realm of nonduality.
darkness arises meet it with darkness, when: 暗頭來暗頭打 [antō rai antō da]. Puhua’s words. Darkness represents nonduality.
Dasui Fazhen: 大隋法眞 [Daizui Hōshin]. 834–919, China. Dharma heir of Changqing Da’an, Nanyue Line. He experienced great enlightenment while quite young. Traveled extensively and studied with various teachers (in addition to his dharma father, Guishan,) including Dongshan Liangjie. Taught at Mount Dasui (Sichuan), where he lived for more than ten years in a large hollow tree. His posthumous name is Great Master Shenzhao 神照大師 [Shinshō Daishi].
Datong: See Touzi Datong.
Daxiong Peak: 大雄峯 [Daiyū Hō], literally, Great Hero Peak. Another name for Mount Baizhang. Located in Nanchang (Jianxi), China. (“Great Hero” is a name of the Buddha.) Cf.: A monk asked Baizang, “What is extraordinary?” Baizang said, “Sitting alone on Daxiong Peak.”
Daxiu: See Tiantong Zongjue.
day of no work is a day of no eating, a: 一日不作一日不食 [ichinichi fusa ichinichi fujiki]. A saying of Baizhang Huaihai.
Dayang: See Furong Daokai.
Dayang Jingxuan: 大陽警玄 [Taiyō Kyōgen]. 942–1027, China. Dharma heir of Liangshan Yuanguan, Caodong School. Taught for thirty years at Mount Dayang, Ying Region (Hubei). His posthumous name is Great Master Ming’an, 明安大師 [Myōan Daishi]. His lineage was passed posthumously to Touzi Yiqing by Dayang’s friend, the Linji School teacher Fushan Fayuan.
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