merit: 功徳 [kudoku], literally, function and virtue. 功 [kō], literally, function. Ability to awaken self and/or others.
merit beyond making: 無作の功徳 [musa no kudoku], literally, function and virtue of not doing.
merit, great: 大功 [daikō].
merit, have: 有功 [ukō].
merit, visible: 有爲の功 [ui no kō], literally, effect of having (intentional) creation.
merits, ten excellent: 十勝利 [jisshōri]. See fascicle 13, “Power of the Robe.”
method: 作法 [sahō], literally, dharma of making (conduct).
Miaoxin: 妙信 [Myōshin]. Ca. ninth century, China. Nun who was a student of Yangshan Huiji, Guiyang School. Served as director of the guesthouse in Yangshan’s monastery.
midpoints, four: 四維 [shiyui]. Southeast, northeast, southwest, and northwest.
Migasīsa: 鹿頭 [Rokutō]. Originally a Brāhman in the kingdom of Kaushala, known as an outstanding scholar. Became a student of the Buddha and attained arhathood.
Mihu: See Jingzhao Mihu. mind art: 心術 [shinjutsu]. Also, determination.
mind, all things are inseparable from: 萬法唯心 [mambō yuishin], literally, myriad dharmas are mind only.
Mind Itself Is Buddha, The: 即心是佛 [Sokushin Zebutsu]. Sixth fascicle of this book.
mind, make up: 決定(す) [ketsujō(-su)], literally, determine and settle. Be clear about, resolve, understand.
mind, through countless springs there is no change of: 幾度逢春不變心 [kido hōshun fu henshin].
mind, way-seeking: Skt., bodhi chitta. 道心 [dōshin]. literally, heart of the way, or mind of the way. Aspiration for enlightenment.
mindfulness is present: 繋念 [kenen], literally, fasten mindfulness.
mindfulness, four abodes of: 四念住 [shinenjū]. Four objects of contemplation: (1) Impurity of the body. (2) The perception of suffering. (3) Impermanence of the mind. (4) Things have no independent and permanent self. Also called four places of mindfulness, 四念處 [shinenjo].
Minister Fang: 1. 防相國 [Bō Shōkoku]. Probably refers to Pei Xiu. See Minister Pei. 2. 房相國 [Bō Shōkoku]. Fang Xuanling, 房玄齡 [Bō Genrei]. 578–648, China. Prime Minister for fifteen years serving Emperor Tai, second emperor of Tang Dynasty. Also a historian, participated in compilation of the History of Jin.
Minister Feng: 馮相公 [Hyō Shōkō]. d. 1153, China. Feng Yi. 馮揖 [Hyō Shū]. A lay student of Fuyan Qingyuan, Linji School. Governor of Qiong Region (Sichuan).
Minister Li: 李相國 [Ri Shōkoku]. Ca. ninth century, China. Studied Zen with Yaoshan Weiyan, Qingyuan Line.
Minister Pei: 裴相國 [Hai Shōkoku]. Pei Xiu, 裴休 [Hai Kyū]. 797–870, China. A lay student of Huangbo Xiyun, Nanyue Line, Pei also studied with other masters, including Guishan. Compiler of Huangbo’s Transmission of Heart, Essential Dharma.
Minister Tai: 太公 [Taikō]. Named Wang, 望 [Bō]. Ca. eleventh century, B.C.E. Assisted King Wen, then his son King Wu, and defeated Empire of Yan. Later founded Kingdom Qi in Zhou Dynasty. Author of the military manual Liutao.
miracle: 神通 [jinzū], literally, divine reaching. Also, a supernormal event.
miracle, minor: 小神通 [shōjinzū]. For Dōgen, a magical event.
Miracles: 神通 [Jinzū]. Twenty-sixth fascicle of this book.
miracles, great: 大神通 [dai jinzū]. For Dōgen, the everyday activity of an awakened person.
miracles going beyond buddha: 佛向上神通 [bukkōjō jinzū].
miracles of buddha: 佛神通 [butsu jinzū].
miraculous power: See power, miraculous.
miraculous powers, five or six: 五通六通 [gotsū rokutsū].
miraculous powers, practice: 神通修證 [jinzū shushō], literally, practice and realization of miracles.
miraculous powers, six: 六神通 [roku jinzū], 六通 [rokutsū]. The celestial feet, the celestial eye, the celestial ear, seeing others’ minds, knowing the past, and the power to be free from desire. The last three are called three types of knowledge, 三明 [sammyō], three miraculous powers.
miraculous powers, three: 三明 [sammyō]. Three types of knowledge; three of the six miraculous powers: knowing the past, celestial eye, power to be free from desire.
mirror: 鏡 [kyō/kagami]. A round bronze mirror represents unmarred awakening.
miss: 蹉過(す) [shaka(-su)], literally, stumble and pass. Ignore, be ignorant. 錯 [shaku], literally, mistake. 轉疎轉遠 [tenso ten’on], literally, turn remote and turn far.
miss one hundred marks: See marks, miss one hundred.
missing the mark: See mark on top of missing the mark, miss the.
mistake after mistake: 將錯就錯 [shōshaku jushaku], literally, take a file (rasp) and work on the file. File a file about something. Take up a mistake and settle in with the mistake. Mistakes surpass mistakes. 錯錯 [shakushaku].
mistaken: 不是 [fuze], literally, not correct.
model: 慣節 [kansetsu], literally, precedented form. 龜鑑 [kikan], literally, tortoise (timeless) mirror.
moment: 一念 [ichinen], literally, a flash of thought. Skt., kshana. Transliteration: 刹那 [setsuna]. Skt., muhūrta, 須臾 [shuyu]. 刹那須臾 [setsuna shuyu]. An instant. 寸陰 [sun’in], literally, an inch of (the movement of) a shadow.
moment, at each. See also abide in one’s condition.
moment, at this very: 正當恁麼時 [shōtō immo ji], literally, just this time.
moment, condition complete this: See condition complete this moment.
moment, great: 大節 [dai setsu], literally, large division.
moment, myriad years in one: 一念萬年 [ichinen mannen], literally, moment of a thought (that is) ten thousand years.
moment, myriad years of this: 直須萬年 [jikishu mannen]. Directly (experiencing) this moment (as) ten thousand years.
moment, one hairbreadth: 一毛許 [ichimōko], literally, one hair amount..
moment of a thought: 一念頃 [ichinen kyō].
moments as uncountable as the sands of the Ganges: 恒刹那 [gōsetsuna].
monasteries, high-ranking: 甲刹 [kassetsu].
monastery: 叢林 [sōrin], literally, grove and forest. 叢席 [sōseki], literally, grove seats. 院門 [immon], literally, temple gate. 精藍 [shōran]. Abbreviation of 精舍伽藍 [shōja garan]. 精舍 [shōja], literally, hall of effort. 伽 藍 [garan], abbreviated transliteration of Skt. sangha ārāma, quiet place for home leavers’ assembly.
monastery, join the: 掛搭 [kata], literally, hang a (travel) bag.
monastery, Zen: 禪林 [zenrin], literally, Zen forest.
monastery officer. See also officers, six.
monk: Skt., bhikshu. Transliteration: 比丘 [biku], 苾芻 [bissū]. 僧家 [sōke], literally, sangha house (person).
monk, blind: 盲比丘 [mō biku].
monk, junior: 小師 [shōshi], literally, minor teacher.
monk, old: 老僧 [rōsō].
monk, patch-robed: 衲僧 [nōsō].
Monk, Sacred: 聖僧 [shōsō]. Statue, usually of Mañjushrī, enshrined in the center of the monks’ hall.
monk, senior: 上座 [jōza], literally, high seat.
monk, sūtra chanting: 念經僧 [nenkin sō].
monk of solitary practice: See solitary practice, monk of.
Monk of the Fourth Stage Meditation: 四禪比丘 [Shizen Biku]. Ninety-first fascicle of this book.
monkey: 獼猴 [mikō].
monk’s action: See action, monk’s.
monks, five: 五比丘 [gobiku]. Ājñātakaundinya, Assaji, Mahānāman, Bhadrika, and Vappa, who heard the first expounding of dharma by the Buddha after he attained the way. Also called Five Sangha Treasures, 五人僧寶 [gonin sōhō].
monks, group of the eighteen: 十八群比丘 [jūhachi gun biku]. Group of dharma practitioners who break the precepts.
monks, group of the six: 六群比丘 [rokugun biku]. Monks during Shākya-muni Buddha’s time who engaged in wrongdoing and cau
sed the need for precepts.
monks, ocean of: 海衆 [kaishu], literally, ocean of assembly.
monks’ hall: See hall, monks’.
monks’ quarters: 菴裏 [anri], literally, inside the huts.
monograms: 華字 [kaji], literally, flowery character. Used for signature.
moon: 月 [getsu/tsuki]. Usually represents enlightenment.
Moon, The: 都機 [Tsuki], meaning “moon” by pronunciation while the ideographs mean “entire” (tsu) and “function” (ki). Forty-third fascicle of this book.
moon face: 月面 [gachimen] . . . See also Buddha, Sun-Face.
Moon-Face Buddha. See also Buddha, Sun-Face.
Moonlight Bodhisattva: See Bodhisattva, Moonlight. moon thusness: 月如 [getsunyo].
morning star: 明星 [myōjō]. Represents Shākyamuni Buddha’s enlightenment, based on a legend that he attained the way when he saw the morning star while sitting under the bodhi tree.
mortar, stone: 石碓 [sekitai].
Moshan Liaoran: 末山了然 [Massan Ryōnen]. Ca. ninth century, China. Nun. Dharma heir of Gaoan Dayu, Nanyue Line. Taught at Mount Mo, Yun Region (Jiangxi). She was a prominent female teacher in the early, male-dominated Zen School. One of her students, Guanxi Xian, said of her, “I received half a ladle at Father Linji’s place and half a ladle at Mother Moshan’s. Since I took that drink, I’ve never been thirsty.”
mosquito biting an iron bull: 蚊子の鐵牛にのほる [bunsu no tetsugyū ni noboru]. Phrase indicating that something is incomprehensible by intellectual thinking.
Most Excellent King Sūtra: 最勝王經 [Saishō Ō Kyō]. One of the translations of Suvarna Prabhāsottama King Sūtra.
mountain: 山 [san/yama] 1. Mountain in the usual sense. 2. Nature. 3. One’s state of meditation.
mountains and waters, bear hardships traveling through: 山水に辛苦 す [sansui ni shinku-su].
Mountains and Waters Sūtra: 山水經 [Sansui Kyō]. Fifteenth fascicle of this book.
Mountains are mountains, waters are waters: 山是山 水是水 [san ze san, suii ze sui]. Qingyuan Weixin’s words.
Mountains, Nine. See also Sumeru. mountains, rivers, and earth: 山河大地 [senga daichi].
move, a single: 一著 [ichijaku]. As in the go game.
move delusions in samādhi and pull them out with wisdom: See samādhi and pull them out with wisdom, move delusions in.
move forward: 進歩 [shimpo]. Walk forward, go beyond.
moved by the words: 語脈ノ翻身 [gomyaku no honshin], literally, turn the body by the word vein.
movement, before a: 機先 [kisen].
movement, within a: 機中 [kichū].
mu: J. 無. C., wu. No, nothing, or nothingness. A monk asked Zhaozhou, “Does a dog have buddha nature or not?” Zhaozhou said, “No [mu].” This “no” is regarded as an understanding beyond “yes” or “no.”.
mud, go into the: 泥水す [deisui-su]. Stained by muddy water; to be in the ordinary world to awaken beings.
mud, lump of: 泥團 [deidan], 泥彈子 [deidan su]. Mud ball.
mud, stone, sand, and pebbles: 土石砂礫 [deseki sharyaku].
mud and water, enter into: 入泥入水 [nyūdei nissui].
mud ball, twiddling with a: 弄泥團 [rō deidan].
mudrā: Skt. 印 [in]. Seal, proof, shape, or form. What is definite. The symbol of a buddha’s or bodhisattva’s original vow. Also, a physical gesture or posture in meditation.
mustard seed storing Mount Sumeru: 芥納須彌 [ke nō Shumi].
mutual activity: See activity, mutual.
mutual affinity and interaction: 感應道交(す) [kannō dōkō(-su)], literally, responding feeling and the ways cross. A buddha responds to the feeling of a sentient being, and vice versa.
Muzhou Daoming: 睦州道明 [Bokushū Dōmyō]. 780–877, China. Also called Venerable Chen, 陳尊宿 [Chin Sonshuku], by his family name. Dharma heir of Huangbo Xiyun, Nanyue Line. Taught more than one hundred students at Longxing Monastery, Mu Region (Zhejiang). Then left his students and made straw sandals to support his mother.
Myōan Eisai: 明庵榮西 [also, Myōan Yōsai]. 1141–1225, Japan. 西和尚 [Sai Oshō], literally, Priest Eisai. Went to China in 1168 and brought back Tiantai texts. Made a second visit to China between 1185 and 1191 to study Zen. Dharma heir of Xuan Huaichang, Linji School. Author of On Raising Zen and Protecting the Nation [Kōzen Gokoku-ron]. Founded Shōfuku Monastery in Hakata, Jufuku Monastery in Kamakura, and Kennin Monastery in Kyōto. Regarded as founder of Rinzai School, the Japanese form of Linji School.
Myōzen: See Butsuju Myōzen.
myriad things: 萬事 [banji], literally, ten thousand things. 萬法 [mambō], literally, ten thousand dharmas.
myrobalan fruit: 菴羅果 [anra ka]. Skt. āmura. Sometimes translated as “mango.”
mystery of mysteries: 玄之玄 [gen no gen].
Nāgārjuna: Skt. Transliteraton: 那伽閼刺樹那 [Nagaarujuna]. Translation: Dragon Tree, 龍樹 [Ryūju]; Dragon Excellence, 龍勝 [Ryūshō]; Dragon Ferocity, 龍猛 [Ryūmyō]. Also, Ancestor Nāgārjuna, 龍樹祖師 [Ryūju Soshi]; Nāgārjuna Bodhisattva, 龍樹菩薩 [Ryūju Bosatsu]. Ca. second–third century, India. Pioneered a philosophical investigation on the Mahāyāna doctrines, centering on the concept of shūnyatā or emptiness. Known as the founder of the Mādhyamika School based on the Mahā Prajñā Pāramitā scriptures and his own writings. Author of treatises as well as “Verses on the Foundation of the Middle Way.” Regarded as the Fourteenth Indian Ancestor in the Zen tradition.
name and concept: 名相 [myōsō], 名色 [myō shiki], literally, names and forms.
name, hide one’s: 韜名 [tōmyō].
name, what is your: 汝何姓 [nyo ka shō]. Asking the family name.
nameless: 無名 [mumyō].
Nanda: 難陀 [Nanda]. A half brother of Siddhārtha, a son of King Shuddodana and Queen Mahāprajāpatī. After the Buddha’s enlightenment, Nanda was about to be installed as king of the Shākya Clan in Kapilavastu, but the Buddha used his skillful means and made him leave the household. He served the Buddha’s monastery as an officer and became an arhat.
Nanquan Puyuan: 南泉普願 [Nansen Fugan]. 748–834, China. After studying Buddhist philosophy, became a Zen student. Dharma heir of Mazu Daoyi, Nanyue Line. Lived at Mount Nanquan, Chiyang (Anhui), for thirty years cutting wood, raising cattle, and plowing. Taught many students including Changsha Jingcen and Zhaozhou Congshen. He called himself Old Master Wang.
Nanquan’s story of a sickle: 南泉の鎌子話 [Nansen no kensu wa]. Nanquan was once on the mountain working. A monk came by and asked him, “What is the way that leads to Nanquan?” The master raised his sickle and said, “I bought this sickle for thirty cents.” The monk said, “I am not asking about the sickle you bought for thirty cents. What is the way that leads to Nanquan?” The master said, “It feels good when I use it.”
Nanyang Huizhong: 南陽慧忠 [Nan’yō Echū]. d. 775, China. Dharma heir of Sixth Ancestor Huineng. Taught at Nanyang (Henan) for forty years and taught Zen while emphasizing scriptural studies. Emperor Su asked Nanyang to be his teacher. Regarded as a master of the Northern Chinese Zen. His posthumous name is National Teacher Dazheng 大證國師 [Daishō Kokushi].
Nanyuan Huiyong: 南院慧顒 [Nan’in Egyō]. 860–930?, China. Dharma heir of Xinghua Cunjiang, Linji School. Nanyuan was considered the most important teacher of the third generation from Linji. He taught at Nanyuan Temple of Baoying Monastery, Ru Region (Henan), and was known for the strictness of his teaching.
Nanyue Huairang: 南嶽懐讓 [Nangaku Ejō]. 677–744, China. Studied fifteen years with Sixth Ancestor Huineng and became his heir along with Qingyuan Xingsi. Taught at Bore Monastery, Nan Peak (Mount Heng), Heng Region (Hunan). The teaching lineages derived from Nanyue and Qingyuan became the main streams of the Chinese Zen tradition. Regarded as founder of the Nanyue Line; he was teacher of Mazu. His posthumous name is Zen Master Dahui 大慧禪師 [Daie Zenji].
&n
bsp; Nanyue Huisi: 南嶽慧思 [Nangaku Eshi]. 515–577, China. Studied lotus samādhi with Huiwen of the Kingdom of Qi and reached enlightenment through contemplating the Lotus Sūtra. Practiced Zen for eight years at Nanyue (Mount Heng), Heng Region (Hunan), during the last part of his life. Teacher of Zhiyi, he established the Tiantai School and authored Mahe Fuchuan 摩訶止観 [Maka Shikan] (Great Shamatha and Vipashyanā).
Nanyue Xuantai: 南嶽玄泰 [Nangaku Gentai]. Ca. ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Shishuang Qingzhu, Qingyuan Line. Known as a poet and called Cotton Robe Tai. Lived on Nanyue (Mount Heng), Heng Region (Hunan).
nature: 性 [shō]. Fundamental characteristics.
nature, ocean of: 性海 [shōkai].
nature, original: 本性 [honshō]. Basic characteristics.
nature, other: 他性 [tashō]. Fundamental characteristics of other, as opposed to self.
nature, self: 自性 [jishō]. Fundamental characteristics of self.
nature, true: 實性 [jisshō]. 理性 [rishō], literally, reason nature.
natures, three: 三性 [sanshō]. The wholesome action nature, the unwholesome action nature, and the neutral nature.
necessarily, not: 不必 [fuhitsu]. 何必 [kahitsu], literally, how is it always? Beyond one’s knowledge.
negations, one hundred: 百非 [hyappi]. Negations upon negations.
nest, old: 舊巣 [kyūsō]. Stagnating. Staying in comfortable, conventional views or understanding.
net of pearls: 眞珠網 [shinju mō].
neutral: 無記 [muki]. Neither wholesome nor unwholesome.
new, something: 新條 [shinjō], literally, new twig. Fresh and extraordinary.
Niaoke Daolin: 鳥窠道林 [Chōka Dōrin]. 741–828, China. Dharma heir of Jiashan Faqin, Niutou School. As he lived on a limb of a long pine tree, he was called Zen Master Bird Nest (Niaoke).
Nidāna. See also Divisions, Twelve.
night: 夜 [ya/yoru]. Darkness, which sometimes represents the realm of nonduality.
night period: 更 [kō]. One fifth of the time from sunset to sunrise.
nihilistic view: 斷見 [danken], literally, cutting off seeing. View of annihilation. The belief that nothing exists.
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