Stūpas, Eight: See Face-to-Face Transmission.
styles, one thousand: 千品 [sembon], literally, one thousand things.
Su Dongpo: 蘇東坡 [So Tōba]. 1036–1101, China. Shi 軾 of the Su 蘇 family. Initiatory name: Zidan子瞻 [Shisen]. Renowned poet of Song Dynasty, also a high government offical. Lay student of Zhaojiao Changzong. Later studied with Foyin Liaoyuan.
Subhadra: 須跋陀羅 [Shubatsudara]. The last student of the Buddha. As a one-hundred-twenty-year-old Brāhman, he went to meet the Buddha, heard his last dharma talk, and attained arhathood.
Subhūti: Skt. Transliteration: 須菩提 [Shubodai]. Translation: 具壽善 現 [Guju Zengen], literally, Holding Long Life (elder), Actualizing Wholesomeness. Born in Shrāvastī in the kingdom of Kaushala. Heard the Buddha’s discourse and became a monk when Jeta Grove opened. Regarded as the one who best understood emptiness among the Buddha’s disciples.
subtle: 微 [bi], literally, minute.
subtle and pivotal: 祕要 [hiyō].
successive: 相繼 [shōkei].
suchness, form as: 是相 [zesō].
suchness, one: 如一 [nyoichi].
suddenly: 忽然 [kotsunen].
suffering: 苦 [ku], literally, bitterness.
suffering, truth of: 苦諦 [kutai]. The first of the four noble truths.
suffering, truth of the causes of: 集諦 [shūtai]. The second of the four noble truths.
suffering, truth of the cessation of: 滅諦 [metsutai]. The third of the four noble truths.
sufferings, eight: 八苦 [hakku]. Four sufferings (birth, old age, sickness, and death) plus: parting with loved ones, encountering resented and hated ones, not getting what is wanted, and caused by the five skandhas.
Sui: 隋 [Zui]. Chinese dynasty.
Sumeru: Skt. Transliterations: 須彌 [Shumi], 迷盧 [Meiro]. According to Indian mythology there are nine mountains and eight oceans in the world around Four Continents, with Mount Sumeru at the center.
Sumeru, Great: 大須彌 [dai Shumi]. See Sumeru.
Sumeru, Small: 小須彌 [shō Shumi]. See Sumeru.
summer practice period, ninety-day: 九夏 [kyūge], literally, nine (ninety-day) summer.
summer retreat: 白夏 [byakuge], literally, summer with announcement. Summer practice period is called in this way as daily cautions to participants are given.
sun: J. 寸. Measuring unit. Approximately 3 cm (1.18 inches). Corresponds to Chinese cun, which was 3.11 cm in Tang Dynasty and 3.072 cm in Song Dynasty.
sun face: 日面 [nichimen].
sun face and moon face:日面月面 [nichimen gachimen]. See Buddha, Sun-Face.
Sun Zhongjin: 孫朝進 [Son Chōshin]. Ca. eighth century, China. A courtier for Emperor Su of Tang Dynasty. Sent to invite Huizhong to be the emperor’s teacher.
sun, moon, and stars: 日月星辰 [nichigetsu seishin].
Sunakshatra: 善星 [Zenshō]. Prince of Shākya Clan. Although he became a monk under Shākyamuni Buddha, he was not obedient and always had wrong schemes. He returned to laity and spoke ill of the Buddha.
Sun-Face Buddha: See Buddha, Sun-Face.
supernormal powers, practitioners of: 神通變化のやから [jinzū henge no yakara], literally, those of miracles, transforming (things magically).
supporter: 檀那 [danna]. Lay supporter of a practicing community. Cf., Skt. dāna, literally, giving.
surging opportunity, time of: See opportunity, time of surging.
surpass ancestor: See go beyond ancestor.
surrender and reject: 任違 [nin’i].
surrender, totally: 任任 [ninnin]. 一任 [ichinin].
Sūryarashmi: 日明 [Nichimyō], literally, Sun Bright. Fifteen Buddhas of this name to whom Shākyamuni Buddha made offerings in his former life.
Sushan Guangren: 疎山光仁 [Sozan Kōnin]. Also, Sushan Kuangren, 疎山匡 仁 [Sozan Kyōnin]. Ca. ninth–tenth century, China. Dharma heir of Dongshan Liangjie, Caodong School. Taught at Mount Su, Linchuan (Jiangxi).
Sushan Kuangren: See Sushan Guangren.
sūtra: Skt. 經 [kyō], literally, warp as in weaving, later meaning principle of the teaching. Now refers to Indian Buddhist scriptures which take the form of discourses by Buddha as heard and verified by one of his disciples. Chinese transliteration: sudanlan, 素呾纜 [sotanran]. 縑緗 [kenshō], literally, thin silk for mounting books. See also Divisions, Twelve; Buddha Sūtras. (“Sūtras,” created outside of India are regarded as apocryphal.)
sūtra, chant a: 誦經 [zukyō].
sūtra chanting, do melodic: See melodic sūtra chanting, do.
sūtra, copying a: 書經 [shokyō].
Sūtra, Lotus: See Lotus Sūtra.
sūtra, maintain a: 持經 [jikyō].
sūtra, read a: 看經 [kankin]. Reading or chanting a scripture, literally, looking at a sūtra.
sūtra, receive a: 受經 [jukyō].
sūtra, shrāvaka: 聲聞經 [shōmon kyō]. Scriptures of Shrāvaka Vehicle. Early Buddhist sūtras.
sūtra, study a: 經書をひらく [kyōsho wo hiraku], literally, open a sūtra.
sūtra, turn the: 轉經す [tenkyō-su]. Ceremonially chant a sūtra.
Sūtra of the Three Thousand Guidelines for Pure Conduct: 三千威儀經 [Sanzen Iigi Kyō]. A Mahāyāna sūtra on daily activities for home leavers. The two hundred fifty precepts are called for in each of the four bodily presences in three times—past, present, and future.
sūtra recitation, plaque announcing a: See plaque announcing a sūtra recitation.
sūtras, entire treasury of the: 一大藏教 [ichi daizō kyō]. Buddhist canon.
Suvarna Prabhāsottama King Sūtra: Skt. 金光明經 [Kon Kōmyō Kyō]. Golden Beam King Sūtra. In East Asia this Mahāyāna scripture was often recited and enshrined for the protection of the nation. It explains that the four guardian deities protect the king in ruling the nation.
swallow: 燕子 [ensu]. Bird. 子 [su] is a suffix.
swallowing up everything in one gulp: 一口呑盡 [iku donjin].
sway, fall, prosper, and decline: 搖落盛衰 [yōraku seisui].
sweet dew, gate of: 甘露門 [kanro mon].
sweet melon: 甜熟瓜 [tenjuku ka].
sweet melon has a sweet stem: 甜瓜徹蔕甜 [tenka tettai ten].
swordmaster: 劍客 [kenkaku].
table: 臺盤 [daiban].
table, small: 棹子 [takusu].
Taibai Peak: 大白峯 [Taihaku Hō]. 大白名山 [Taihaku Meizan], literally, renowned Taibai Mountain. Also called Mount Tiantong, 天童山 [Tendō Zan]. Tiantong Jingde Monastery, where Dōgen studied, is located on this mountain.
tails are right: 尾條正 [bijō shin].
Taiping Huiqin: 太平慧懃 [Taihei Egon]. 1059–1117, China. Dharma heir of Wuzu Fayan, Linji School. Taught at Xingguo Monastery, Mount Taiping (Anhui), where he was abbot. An official of the imperial court presented Taiping with the ceremonial purple robe and gave him the name Fujian, or “Buddha Mirror”—Zen Master Fujian 佛鑑 禪師 [Bukkan Zenji].
Taiyuan Fu: 太原孚 [Taigen Fu]. Ca. ninth–tenth century, China. Student of Xuefeng Yicun, Qingyuan Line. Served as head of the bathhouse. Remained as a senior Zen student.
take care: 別處安排 [bessho ambai], literally, bring (the person) and get settled.
take in: 雙收す [sōshū-su], literally, receive both.
take out a little from a little: 少處減些子 [shōsho gen shasu].
take refuge: 歸依(す) [kie(-su)]. Pay homage.
take up: 拈 [nen]. 把拈す [hanen-su], literally, grab and take up. 拈得 [nentoku], literally, manage to take up. 拈擧 [nenko], literally, take up and raise. Investigate.
take up images and cast the mirror: 拈像鑄鏡 [nenzō shukyō].
take up one view: 拈一 [nen’ichi], take up another view.
Taking Refuge in Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha: 歸依佛法僧 [Kie Buppōsō]. Eighty-ninth fascicle of this book.
talk: 言談祗對 [gondan shitai], li
terally, speak and respond.
talk, formal: 上堂 [jōdō], 陞堂 [shindō], literally, ascending (in) the hall. Ascending the (teaching) seat. Giving a discourse in the dharma hall.
talk, informal: 小參 [shōsan], literally, small study.
talks on profundity and wonder: 談玄談妙 [dangen dammyō], literally, talk on profundity and talk on excellence.
tallow beads: 木槵子 [mokukansu].
Tang Dynasty: 唐朝 [Tōchō]. 唐 [Tō]. Tang China. 618–907. Golden age of Zen in China.
Tanhua: See Ying’an Tanhua.
Tansheng: See Yunyan Tansheng.
Tanzhou Longshan: 潭州龍山 [Tanshū Ryūzan]. Ca. ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Mazu Daoyi, Nanyue Line. Secluded on a mountain till the end of his life. Also called Yinshan.
tathāgata: Skt., literally, one who has thus gone; one who has thus come; or one who has come from thusness. Honorific name for Shākyamuni Buddha, also indicating buddhas in general. 如來 [nyorai]. Buddha tathāgatas, 諸佛如來 [shobutsu nyorai].
Tathāgata, Prabhūtaratna: 多寶如來 [Tahō Nyorai], literally, Many Jewels Tathāgata. 寶勝如來 [Hōshō Nyorai], literally, Excellent Treasure Tathāgata. Ancient Buddha who emerged from underground to demonstrate the true meaning of Lotus Sūtra. Whenever this sūtra is being expounded, Prabhūtaratna appears in his stūpa or reliquary floating in mid-air. He opened his stūpa to allow Shākyamuni Buddha to sit side-by-side with him, a primary motif of the Lotus Sūtra.
Tathāgata, reclining: 臥如來 [ga nyorai]. Image of the pari-nirvāna of the Buddha.
Tathāgata’s Entire Body: 如來全身 [Nyorai Zenshin]. Seventy-first fascicle of this book.
tea and rice, daily: 家常(の)茶飯 [kajō (no) sahan], literally, usual house tea and rice. Everyday matter.
tea and treats, serve: 煎點 [sen ten].
tea room: 茶堂 [sadō], literally, tea hall.
teach: 設化 [sekke], literally, set up for transformation.
teach the assembly: 示衆 [jishu], literally, show the assembly. Give a discourse. Present a talk.
teach, ask to: 請問 [shōmon], literally, request for questioning.
teacher: 知識 [chishiki], literally, one who knows.
teacher, authentic: 正師 [shōshi].
teacher, earlier: 先達 [sendatsu], literally, earlier mastering. Pioneering teacher.
teacher, enlightened: 有道の宗師 [udō no shūshi], literally, teacher of the (Zen) school who holds the way.
teacher, great: 大善知識 [dai zenchishiki].
teacher, incapable: 邪師 [jashi], literally, crooked teacher.
teacher, ordinary: 凡師 [bonshi].
teacher, revered: 尊宿 [sonshuku], literally, honored abode. Master.
teacher, root: 本師 [honshi]. One who ordains or gives dharma transmission to the student.
teacher giving the document: つきかみの師 [tugikami no shi], literally, teacher giving joined sheets of paper.
teacher is excellent: 師勝 [shishō].
Teacher of Humans and Devas: 天人師 [Tennin Shi]. One of the honorary names of the Buddha.
teacher(s), aged: 頤堂 [idō].
teaching: 家風 [kafū], literally, wind (style) of the house.
teaching, ancestral: 祖宗 [soshū]. Ancestral school; ancestral source.
teaching, broad: 方廣 [hōkō], literally, directions vast.
teaching, essential: 宗旨 [shūshi]. Essence, essential meaning, teaching, heart of the teaching, various doctrines.
teaching, expedient: 假立の法 [keryū no hō], literally, dharma that is temporarily established.
teaching, practice, and enlightenment: 教行證 [kyō gyō shō], Also, teaching, practice, and realization.
teaching, practice, practitioner, and essence: 教行人理 [kyō gyō nin ri], literally, teaching, practice, person, and principle.
teaching, profound: 玄旨 [genshi]. 玄訓 [genkun], literally, deep admonition. 玄境 [genkyō], literally, deep state.
teaching, Shākyamuni Buddha’s: 釋教 [Shakukyō]. Buddhism.
teaching, true: 眞訣 [shinketsu], literally, true formula. True understanding, essence, essence of the teaching.
teaching expounded not in response to a question: 無問自説 [mumon jisetsu].
teaching word: 下語 [agyo], literally, words (that are brought) down.
Teachings, Three: 三教 [sankyō]. Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism.
Teachings are in accord, Three: 三教は一致なり [sankyō wa itchi nari].
temple: 梵刹 [bonsetsu]. 梵 [bon] means, pure. 刹 [setsu] is transliteration of Skt. kshetra, literally, land.
temple building: Skt., sangha ārāma. Transliteration: 僧伽藍摩 [sōgyaramma], 僧伽藍 [sōgyaran].
ten directions: 十方 [jippō]. North, south, east, west, their midpoints, plus up and down.
Ten Directions: 十方 [Jippō]. Sixtieth fascicle of this book.
ten directions, penetrates the: 十方通 [jippō tsū].
Ten Kings: 十王 [Jū Ō]. Lords of hell, including King Yama. The concept of this group of kings derived from China.
ten names: 十號 [jū gō]. Ten principle titles of, or ten honorific ways of referring to Shākyamuni Buddha: Worthy of Offering, True Encompassing Knower, Clear Walker, Well Gone, Knower of the World, Unsurpassable Warrior, Excellent Tamer, Teacher of Humans and Devas, Buddha, the World-Honored One.
ten stages. See also bodhisattvas of the ten stages and three classes.
ten unwholesome actions: See unwholesome actions, ten.
Tendai School: 天台宗 [Tendai-shū]. Japanese form of the Tiantai School. Founded by Saichō in the ninth century. Mount Hiei, northeast of Kyōto, is its center. A distinguishing element of this school is the addition of Esoteric Buddhist practices to the Chinese Tiantai way. Dōgen first studied Buddhism and became a monk at Mount Hiei.
tenzo: See also officers, six.
thing beyond suchness: 不恁麼事 [fuimmo ji]. Literally, thing that is not suchness.
thing, extra: 剩法 [jōhō].
thing, one: 一境 [ikkyō], literally, one object.
things as they are: 法爾 [hōni]. See also thusness.
things, all: 諸法 [shohō]. See also dharma.
things, flower of all: 諸法華相 [shohō kesō], literally, flower form of all dharmas.
things, reality of all: See reality of all things.
things, turn: 轉物 [tenmotsu].
things, turned by: 物轉 [motten].
think beyond thinking: 無念念 [munen nen].
think deeply: 遠慮 [enryo]. Also, deep understanding.
think one hundred times: 百思 [hyakushi].
thinking: 思量 [shiryō].
thinking, beyond: 非思量 [hi shiryō], literally, nonthinking; not thinking. In contrast to thinking, 思量 [shiryō]; and not-thinking, 不思量 [fu shiryō]; beyond thinking or nonthinking describes the unrestricted mind in zazen where one tries neither to develop nor to suppress thoughts which are continually arising. These terms come from the following dialogue:When Yaoshan was sitting, a monk asked him, “In steadfast sitting, what do you think?”Yaoshan said, “Think not-thinking.” “How do you think not-thinking?” Yaoshan replied, “Beyond thinking.”
thinking, deluded: 情量 [jōryō].
thinking, discriminatory: 測量 [shikiryō], literally, measuring. 思量分別 [shiryō fumbutsu], literally, thinking, measuring, and discriminating.
thinking, give rest to: 息慮 [sokuryo].
thinking, human: 人處 [ninsho], literally, human place.
thinking, ordinary: 凡慮 [bonryo]. 凡情 [bonjō], literally, ordinary feeling.
thinking, thinking about: 有念念 [unen nen].
thinking and be still, cease: 息慮凝寂 [sokuryo gyōjaku].
thinking of bad, not: 惡也不思量 [aku ya fu shiryō].
thinking of good, not: 善也不思量 [zen ya fu shiryō].
third child of Zhang and f
ourth child of Li: 張三李四 [Chō san Ri shi]. Zhang and Li are common names in China, so this expression refers to ordinary people.
thirty blows: 三十棒 [sanjū bō]. Master striking a student with a stick.
thirty blows, I grant you: 放儞三十棒 [hō ni sanjū bō].
thirty-seven wings of enlightenment: See enlightenment, thirty-seven wings of.
Thirty-seven Wings of Enlightenment: 三十七品菩提分法 [Sanjūshichi Hon Bodai Bumpō]. Seventy-third fascicle of this book.
thirty-two marks: See marks, thirty-two.
this, be one with just: 即此 [sokushi], literally, be this.
this, free from just: 離此 [rishi], literally, apart from this.
this, just: 即是 [soku ze]. 如今 [nyokon], literally, now as it is.
this, what is: 作麼生 [somo san]. 生 [san] is a suffix.
thorn branches: 荊棘 [keikyoku].
thorough going: 遍學 [hengaku], literally, study all over.
thought: 念慮 [nenryo].
thought, crooked: 邪念 [janen].
threads as incarnated bodies of the tree god: 化絲 [keshi].
three classes: See bodhisattvas of the ten stages and three classes.
Three Continents: 三洲 [sanshū]. The Four Continents minus the Northern Continent.
three heads and eight arms. See also asura.
three lower realms. Worlds of animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. See also paths, six.
three periods: 三時 [sanji]. 1. The three stages (five hundred years each) of Buddhist teaching after Shākyamuni Buddha passed away: the period of the true dharma, 正法 [shōbō], when teaching, practice, and enlightenment exist; the period of the imitative dharma, 像法 [zōhō], when teaching and practice remain; the period of the decline of the dharma, 末法 [mappō], when there remains only teaching. This concept was not found in sūtras but was believed by a number of Chinese and Japanese Buddhists, and was very influential in Japanese Buddhism, though not believed by Dōgen. In Japan there was a theory that 1051 C.E. was the first year of the period of the dharma’s decay. 2. This lifetime, next lifetime, and lifetime(s) after the next. See also fascicle 85, “Karma in the Three Periods.”
Three Phrases: See Phrases, Three.
three realms: See realms, three.
Three Realms Are Inseparable from Mind: 三界唯心 [Sangai Yuishin]. Forty-eighth fascicle of this book.
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