understand through study: 學而知 [gaku ni chi].
understand without teachers, those who: 無師知者 [mushi chi sha]. See also realization without a teacher.
understanding:. See also ability.
understanding, fundamental: 得本 [tokuhon].
understanding, half-: 一知半解 [itchi hange], literally, know one and understand half.
understanding, human: 人慮の測度 [ninryo no shikitaku], literally, measurement by human thinking.
Understandings, Four: 四料簡 [shiryōken]. Four positions of subject and object taught by Linji: denying subject and not denying object; denying object and not denying subject; denying both subject and object; not denying either subject or object.
understood with trust: 信解す [shinge-su].
undivided: 不染汚 [fuzenna], literally, nondefilement, unstained. 不曾染汚 [fuzō zenna], literally, not ever defiled.
undivided activity: See activity, undivided.
Undivided Activity: 全機 [Zenki]. Forty-second fascicle of this book.
unfolding the stillness: 開静 [kaijō]. Leaving the seat after the end of a zazen period.
ungraspable: 悟不得 [go futoku], literally, cannot attain realization. 會不得 [e futoku], literally, cannot attain understanding
Ungraspable Mind: 心不可得 [Shin Fukatoku]. Nineteenth fascicle of this book.
Ungraspable Mind, Later Version: 後心不可得 [Go Shin Fukatoku]. Twentieth fascicle of this book.
Unicorn Sūtra: 佛麟經 [Butsurin Kyō]. Not an actual scripture, “Unicorn Sūtra” is Dōgen’s poetic expression for the buddhas’ unique teaching.
Universal Lamp: See Jiatai Record of the Universal Lamp.
universe: 乾坤 [kenkon].
Unprecedented Causation Sūtra: 未曾有經 [Mizōu Kyō]. One of the Twelve Divisions of sūtras.
unroll the matter: 展事 [tenji]. Opening a question.
unroll the matter and hurl insightful flashes: 展事投機 [tenji tōki]. Teacher and student open an essential question and harmonize their understanding.
unsurpassable activity: See activity, unsurpassable. unsurpassably: 無等等の [mutōdō no], literally, not equaled at all.
unwholesome: 惡 [aku]. Commonly translated as bad, wicked, or evil.
unwholesome action, refrain from: See Refrain from Unwholesome Action.
unwholesome actions, ten: 十惡 [jūaku]. Actions prohibited by precepts: (1) to kill; (2) to steal; (3) to misuse sex; (4) to make false statements; (5) to buy or sell alcohol; (6) to discuss the faults of other home-leaver bodhisattvas; (7) to praise yourself and insult others; (8) to withhold dharma or treasure; (9) to be angry; (10) to slander the three treasures.
unwholesome realms. See also paths, six.
unwholesome time: 惡時世 [akujisei].
up, down, or the cardinal directions: 上下四維 [jōge shiyui].
Upadesha. See also Divisions, Twelve.
Upagupta: 優婆毱多 [Ubakikuta]. Son of a merchant in the kingdom of Mathulā, central northern India. Taught in his youth by Shānavāsin. Achieved arhathood as soon as he was ordained. Fourth Ancestor of Zen tradition.
Upāli: 鄔波離 [Ubari]. After being a barber, he became a student of the Buddha and became an advanced student. Known for understanding and maintaining the precepts. He recited precepts at the first assembling of the Buddha’s teachings soon after the latter’s pari-nirvāna.
uphold: 禀持 (す) [bonji(-su)], literally, receive and hold.
uphold in veneration: 擧拈 [konen].
uplift, vigorously: 激揚す [gekiyō-su].
urgency: 死急 [shikyū], literally, death fast.
utilize: 使用す [shiyō-su], literally, make use. 使得(す) [shitoku(-su)], literally, attain usage. Activate, engage in.
utmost actualization: See actualization, utmost.
utpala blossom: Skt. 優鉢羅華 [upara ge]. Blue lotus blossom.
Utpalavarnā: Skt. Utpala Blossom, 優鉢羅華 [Upara Ge], literally, Lotus Blossom Color. Translation: 蓮華色 [Renge Shiki]. Nun originally from Rājagriha. The foremost female disciple of Shākyamuni Buddha. Known for attaining the six miraculous powers and becoming an arhat.
Utpalavarnā, Sūtra on the Former Birth of Nun: 優鉢羅華比丘尼本生經 [Upara Ge Bikuni Honshō Kyō].
utterance, complete: 道得是 [dōtoku ze]. Expressing the point.
utterance, make one brief: 道得一句 [dōtoku ikku], literally, say one phrase.
Vaipulya. See also Divisions, Twelve.
vairambhaka: See storm, vairambhaka.
Vairochana Buddha: See Buddha, Vairochana.
Vairochana, stepping over the head of: 毘盧頂上行 [Biru chōjō kō].
Vairochana’s ocean storehouse: 毘盧藏海 [Biru zōkai].
Vaishālī Clan: 梨昌 [Rishō]. Based in the ancient Indian kingdom of Vaishālī (Braj in modern India), located in the north of Magadha.
Valley Sounds, Mountain Colors: 谿聲山色 [Keisei Sanshoku]. Tenth fascicle of this book.
valley where no shouts echo: 喚不響谷 [kan fukyō koku].
valleys and mountains are separate: 谿山各別 [keizan kakubetsu].
values, worldly: 事相の善 [jisōno zen], literally, goodness of the practical aspects of matters.
vanish: 打失 [dashitsu], literally, be lost. 打 [da/ta] is an emphatic prefix.
Vappa: 婆敷 [Bafu]. See also five monks.
Vārānasī: 波羅奈 [Harana]. City on the Ganges in central northern India. The Buddha gave his first dharma discourse in Deer Park there. Capital city of the ancient kingdom of Kāshi. Most sacred center of ancient Brāhmanism and the later Hinduism.
vast spirit has no contradiction: 豁達靈根無向背 [kattatsu reikon mu kōhai].
vast, empty, and clear: 廓然虚明 [kakunen komei].
Vasubandhu: 婆修盤頭 [Bashubanzu]. Twenty-first Ancestor of the Zen tradition in India. A legendary figure, possibly named after the famous Mahāyāna commentator in fifth-century India.
Vedic Scriptures, Four: 四韋陀 [shiida]. Veda, Sāma Veda, Atharva Veda, and Yajur Veda.
veer off, not: 不退 [futai].
Vehicle, Bodhisattva. See also Vehicles, Three.
Vehicle, Buddha. See also Vehicle, One.
Vehicle, Great. See also Vehicles, Three.
Vehicle, One: 一乘 [ichijō]. Buddha Vehicle, 佛乘 [butsujō]. The teaching that carries sentient beings over the ocean of birth and death to the shore of nirvāna. According to the Lotus Sūtra, the Three Vehicles are expedient means to arrive at the One Vehicle.
Vehicle, Pratyeka-buddha. See also Vehicles, Three.
Vehicle, Shrāvaka. See also Vehicles, Three.
Vehicle, Small: See Vehicles, Three.
Vehicle, Supreme: 上乘 [Jōjō]. One Vehicle.
Vehicles, Five: 五乘 [gojō]. Three Vehicles plus Human Vehicle and Deva Vehicle.
Vehicles, Lesser. See also Vehicles, Three.
Vehicles, Three: 三乘 [sanjō]. According to the traditional Mahāyāna Buddhist view, the Buddha’s teaching is classified into three ways: the Shrāvaka (listener) Vehicle, 聲聞乘 [shōmon jō]; the Pratyeka-buddha (solitary awakened one) Vehicle, 縁覺乘 [engaku jō]; and the Mahāyāna or Great Vehicle, 大乘 [daijō]. The first two are called in a derogatory way the Hīnayāna or Lesser (Small) Vehicle(s), 小乘 [shōjō]. They are also called Two Vehicles, 二乘 [nijō]. The Great Vehicle, which emphasizes bringing all sentient beings to enlightenment, is also called the Bodhisattva Vehicle, 菩薩乘 [bosatsu jō].
vein: See blood vein.
venerable: 尊者 [sonja].
Venerable Chen: See Muzhou Daoming.
verse: 頌 [ju]. 偈 [ge], 偈頌 [geju].
verse, capping: 頌古 [juko].
verse, four-line: 四句偈 [shiku ge].
verse, teaching reiterated in: 重頌 [jūju].
verses, eighty-four thousand: 八萬四千偈 [hachiman shisen ge].
very pers
on as the very person: See person as the very person, very.
vessel of the way: 道機 [dōki].
vessel, tripod of a worshipping: See tripod of a worshipping vessel.
view, carefree: 豁達 [kattatsu].
view, distorted: 邪見 [jaken]. 邪計 [jakei], literally, crooked thinking.
view, mistaken: 僻見[hekiken], literally, one-sided view.
view, narrow: 小見 [shōken], literally, small view. 小量の見 [shōryō no ken], literally, small-scale view.
view, self-generated: 生見 [shōken], literally, view on living (being). To think there is something solid as sentient beings.
views, confused: 胡亂の説 [uron no setsu], literally, talk of revolting barbarians.
views, five wrong: 五見 [goken], literally, five views. (1) Attachment to the self and possession. (2) Extreme views. (3) Denial of cause and effect. (4) Regarding one’s own view as the highest. (5) Trust in outsiders’ practice.
views, four: 四句 [shiku], four basic modes of discernment: affirmation; negation; partial affirmation and partial negation; negation or doubt of both affirmation and negation.
views, outrageously crooked: 猛利の邪見 [mōri no jaken].
vigorousness: See pāramitās, six.
village, mystic: 帝郷 [teikyō], literally, hometown of the emperor.
Vimalakīrti: Skt. Transliteration: 維摩詰 [Yuimakitsu]. Layman Vimalakīrti, 維摩居士[Yuima Koji]. Translation: 淨名 [Jōmyō], literally, Pure Name. An enlightened layman who is the main figure of the Mahāyāna text Vimalakīrti Sūtra.
Vimalakīrti Sūtra: 維摩經 [Yuima Gyō]. Mahāyāna sūtra presenting stories of Vimalakīrti, an enlightened lay disciple of the Buddha.
Vimana, the great country of: 毘摩大國 [Bima Taikoku]. A mythological country.
vines: See twining vines.
Vipashyin Buddha: See Buddha, Vipashyin. virtue: 福徳 [fukutoku], literally, beneficial virtue.
virtue, develop: 累徳 [ruitoku], literally, accumulate virtue.
virtue, field of: 徳田 [tokuden].
virtue, guiding: 導利 [dōri], literally, guiding benefit.
Virtue of Home Leaving: 出家功徳 [Shukke Kudoku]. Eighty-seventh fascicle of this book.
virtues, five: 五常 [gojō]. Love, righteousness, formality, wisdom, and trust. Taught in Confucianism.
virtues, three: 三徳 [santoku]. Excellent qualities of cooked food: mildness, cleanliness, and formality.
Virtuous King Sūtra: 仁王經 [Ninnō Kyō]. Mahāyāna sūtra expounding the essentials of protecting the nation. Revered by rulers in East Asia.
visage, motion and stillness of one’s: 容止動靜 [yōshi dōyō].
visiting abbot: See abbot, former.
visitors’ room. See also hall, entry.
visualization: 觀練薫修 [kanren kunju], literally, refine seeing and practice fragrance.
vital: 活鱍 [kappatsu]. 活鱍鱍 [kappatsupatsu], literally, very vital. 活鱍鱍地 [kappatsupatsu chi]. 地 [chi] is a suffix meaning “that which is.” Lively, active, vigorous. 活鱍鱍ならしむ [kappatsupatsunara shimu], literally, cause to be vital. Enliven.
Vivādabala: 論力 [Ronriki], literally, Debate Power. A Brāhman who regarded himself as a great debater and who challenged the Buddha. He learned that Migasīsa, who was known as the best scholar, had already become the Buddha’s student. Ashamed, he himself became a follower of the Buddha.
voice that stops all sound: 揚聲止響 [yōshō shikyō].
voice, a single: 一音 [itton]. One sound.
voice, in one: 一口同音 [ikku dō’on], literally; one mouth, same sound.
void. See also emptiness.
voidness and send back an echo, receive: 承虚接響 [shōko sekkyō].
vow: 行願 [gyōgan], literally, vow of practice. Vow for enlightenment.
vow, chant a: 呪願す [jugan-su].
vow, great: 大期 [daigo], literally, great expectation.
Vulture Peak: Skt., Gridhrakūta. Transliteration: 耆闍崛 [Gishakkutsu]. Translation: 靈鷲山 [Ryōju Sen], literally, spiritual vulture mountain; 鷲峯山 [Jubu Sen], literally, vulture peak mountain; 靈山 [Ryō Zen], literally, spiritual mountain. A mountain in the northeast of Rājagriha City, the capital of Magadha, India. Sūtras mention this mountain as a place where Shākyamuni Buddha gave discourses; as lotus flowers; assemblies on; confirmation on; dharma transmission on; in the tower; equinimity of; kings and ministers on; teachings at.
Vyākarana. See also Divisions, Twelve.
walk backward: 退歩 [taiho]. Move backward.
walking: 歩 [ho]. 1. One of the four postures. 2. In Dōgen’s usage, continuous practice.
walking meditation: 經行す [kinhin-su], literally, pass and go.
walking, abiding, sitting, and lying down: 行住坐臥 [gyōjū zaga].
wall: 牆壁 [shōheki]. A stone or brick wall, symbol of insentient beings.
walls, tiles, and pebbles: 牆壁瓦礫 [shōheki garyaku].
wander about like a cloud or a waterweed: 雲遊萍寄 [un’yū hyōki].
wander around: 跉跰 [reihei].
wander at ease: 逍遥す [shōyō-su].
Wang Boxiang: 王伯庠 [Ō Hakushō]. 1106–1173, China. Writer and government official. Author of Biography of Zen Master Hongzhi.
warn: 烱誡(す) [keikai(-su)]. Admonish.
wash house: 廁 [shi].
washing powder: 澡豆 [sōzu], literally, bath beans.
Washing the Face: 洗面 [Semmen]. Eighth fascicle of this book.
water: 1. Water in the usual sense. 2. River, ocean. 3. Thusness. 4. One’s state of meditation.
water, east mountains travel on: 東山水上行 [tōzan suijō kō].
water, fetch: 運水 [unsui].
water, sugar: 石蜜漿 [shakumitsu shō].
water buffalo: 水牯牛 [suikogyū]. Sometimes refers to a person who realizes original face through practice.
water buffalo comes out and bellows: 一頭水牯牛出來道吽吽 [ittō suikogyū shutsurai dō un’un].
water by four types of beings, views of: 四見 [shiken], literally, four views: Devas see water as a jewel palace; humans see it as water; hungry ghosts see it as pus and blood; fish see it as a place of abode.
water chestnut: 菱 [hishi].
water draws water: 水引水 [sui in sui].
water of eight virtues: 八功徳水 [hakkudoku sui]. Water in paradise or around Mount Sumeru has qualities such as: sweet, chilly, soft, light, pure, free of smell, not hurting the throat, and not hurting the stomach.
water thusness: 水如 [suinyo].
waves: 波 [ha/nami]. Often represent vital life or activity.
waves, follow waves to chase: 隨波逐浪 [zuiha chikurō].
way: 道 [dō]. Path of spiritual pursuit for and actualization of enlightenment. Buddha way. Enlightenment. Eightfold noble path. Expression. To express, to speak.
way, ability of the: 道力 [dōriki].
way, ancestor: 祖道 [sodō].
way, attain the: 成道 [jōdō], 得道 [tokudō]. Completion of practice, including Shākyamuni Buddha’s enlightenment under the bodhi tree. In this case “way” is the translation of Skt.
bodhi (enlightenment). Cf. Shākyamuni Buddha’s words: “I, simultaneously with all sentient beings and the great earth, attained the way.” 大地有情同時成道 [daichi ujō dōji jōdō]. Arousing the unsurpassable mind.
way, awakening of the: 覺道 [kakudō].
way, bones of the: 道骨 [dōkotsu].
way, circle of the: See circle of the way.
way, concentrated endeavor of the: 功夫辦道 [kufū bendō].
way, cultivate the: 耕道 [kōdō].
way, decisive: 至道 [shidō].
way, flavor of the: 道味 [dōmi].
way, follower of the: 道流 [dōru], literally, way stream.
way, fruit of the: 道果 [dōka].
way, go against the: 非道 [hidō].
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br /> way, in every possible: 千端萬端 [sentan mantan], literally, one thousand edges, ten thousand edges.
way, intellectual: 有心の趣向 [ushin no shukō], literally, going forward with mind (thought).
way, long for the ancient: See long for the ancient way.
way, maintain the: 有道 [udō], literally, have the way.
way, opening of the: 運啓 [unkei], literally, opening of the fortune.
way, penetrate the: 通路 [tsūro], literally, way for passing.
way, practice of the: 行道 [gyōdō]. Also, chanting while circumambulating. See also way, study the.
way, practitioner of the: 道人 [dōnin], literally, way person.
way, settle the great matter of the: See settle the great matter of the way
way, single: 一道 [ichidō].
way, students of the: 參學閑道の人 [sangaku kandō no hito], literally, person of study, leisure in the way.
way, study the: 學道 [gakudō]. Also, practice the way.
way, this and that: 七通八達 [shichitsū hattatsu], literally, seven penetrations and eight masteries.
way, those outside the: See outside the way, those.
way, vessel of the: 道器 [dōki].
way, voice of the: 道聲 [dōshō].
way-seeking eyes: 道眼 [dōgen], literally, eyes of the way.
way-seeking mind: See mind, way-seeking
way-seeking travel: 行脚 [angya].
ways, a number of: 衆品 [shubon], literally, various things.
ways, various: 許多般の法 [kyotahan no hō], literally, many things.
wear: 搭著 [tatsujaku].
weeds: 草 [sō/kusa]. Delusions or the world of delusions.
weeds, enter the: 入草す [nissō-su].
weeds, gather and bind: 草料をむすふ [sōrō wo musubu].
Weibai: See Fuguo Weibai.
Wei Dynasty: 魏 [Gi]. Northern dynasty in China.
Weiqing: See Lingyuan Weiqing.
Weiyan: See Yaoshan Weiyan.
Weiyi: See Huanxi Weiyi.
Well Gone: 善逝 [Zenzei]. One of the ten principal titles of the Buddha.
Wengong: See Yang Wengong.
Wenyan: See Yunmen Wenyan.
Wenyi: See Fayan Wenyi.
Wenzhun: See Zhantang Wenzhun.
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