Crimean War 241, 243
Declaration of Pillnitz 198
Diet of Regensburg 62–3
division in the dynasty 25–8
Council of Konstanz in 1415 27
Ernst “the Iron” (1377–1424) 27
Friedrich IV (1382–1439) 27
Hussite rebellion 27
Neuburg treaty 26
partition treaty 26
Privilegium maius 26
war against Swiss Confederacy 26–8
Downs, battle of 126
Dual Monarchy 245–6, 255–6
Dunes, battle of 129
Dutch revolt 91–2, 103, 107
dynastic strategies
1440–1519 47–54
architectural legacy 49–50
court 52
domains 53
estates 53–4
Friedrich III’s achievements 54
hectic foreign policy, 53
Hereditary Lands 52, 54
institutionalizing rule 51–2
interest in Roman law 51
Italian Renaissance courts 50
Landsknechte 53
legitimacy 49
liquidity problems 50
Maximilian’s difficulties in Empire 52
mines 53
Renaissance ideals/structures 50
reproduction 48
solidarity 48–9
Theuerdank 51
Weißkunig 51
1516–64 73–82
Austrian aristocracy 80
comuneros’ revolt 80
cultural patronage 76
division of house into Spanish and Austrian 73
dynastic reproduction 73–5
encabezamiento system of taxation, 80
ideal of universal monarchy 81
ideas of ruler’s role vis-à-vis Christianity 76
juros (bonds) 78–9
layers, political power 80
legitimation strategies 75
limitations of Ferdinand’s government 79
naval expeditions 78
patrimonial government 79
universal monarchy, 76
1556–1621 98–103
Catholicism 99–100
cooperation in governance 102
court 100–1
cultural patronage 103
dynastic management 99
marriage and production 98
military expenditures 102
religion 100
valimiento aristocracy 102
1564–1619 114–18
cultural activities 116
cultural patronage 118
financial irregularities 117
legacy 116–17
problems with inheritance 115
royal courts 115
solidarity, complication in Austria and Spain 114
1619–65
courts of Ferdinands 142
cultural patronage 141
culture of devotion to Catholic Church 142
developments in military 144
ideal of restoring religious unity 145
idea of reputación 141
image of pietas austriaca 142
marriage and familial relations 140
Olivares’s foreign policy, 143
prestige of Castilian culture 141
threats to legitimacy 141
Verneuerte Landesordnung 144
war for 40 years 144–5
1657–1705
court 162
court culture 163
cultural achievements 163
degrees of authority 164–5
Germanization 162
hereditary monarchy 165
heritage of art and architecture 162–3
legitimacy 161
marriage and reproduction 160–1
military growth 164
1705–40 176–80
abbey of Melk 178
Counter-Reformation Catholicism 179
Counter-Reformation intolerance 178
cultural fusion of dynasty 177
culture 177–8
fiscal constraints 179
institutionalization 178–9
legitimacy 177
marriage and reproduction 176–7
Pragmatic Sanction 177
reforms 179
reproduction 176
Spanish Riding School 178
unified state—a Gesamtstaat 177
Vienna’s Kärtnertor theater 178
1740–92 198–207
Baroque’s over-the-top religiosity 201–2
centralization of power 204, 205
claims to legitimacy and loyalty 199
cultural patronage 202
direct rule 204–5
dynastic reproduction 198–9
and evolution 199–200
expansion of education 201
“first mother” of her realms (Maria Theresia) 203
function of ruler in era 202–3
Germanization campaign 207
higher incomes 205
improved institutional structures 206
influence of Jansenism 199
Joseph and Leopold, traditions of kingship 203–4
Joseph’s motivation for “Germanization” 201
Maria Theresia’s leadership 206
“modernization” in eighteenth century 204
notions of state and service 200
Pastoral Letter of 1783 204
political memorandum of 1761 (Joseph) 200–1
profusion of offspring 199
religious attitudes 200
sacrificing for state and well-being 203
1792–1848 227–32
economic and infrastructural development 230–1
institutionalism 230
legitimacy 228
legitimizing strategies 228–9
Metternich’s leadership 231
monumental codification of civil law in 1812 230
patriotism 229
religion 229
solidarity 228
1795 third Polish partition 227, 228
years of political stagnation 231–2
1848–1918
Catholicism 263
German and Italian unification 264
German artistic and scientific culture 268
Josephinist inheritance 266
legitimation and loyalty strategies 263–4
multinational integration 267
old practices of cultural sponsorship 265
public benefits 266
regional and national privileges 267
reproduction, failures of 262–3
societal change 268
administrative structures 8
Catholic faith 9
estates 9
patrimony 10
professional bureaucracy 9
sacralization 9
vertical hierarchy of power 9
coordination with other interest communities 33
coordination with Church 33
expanded role of state services 7
“absolute” monarchy 8
court, rules, display, and patronage 8
“Spanish ceremonial” 8
institutionalization of rule 31
legal practices 32
legitimation and loyalty creation 5, 30
codification of law 8
confessional loyalty 7
education and social welfare 7
French Bourbons or Hohenzollerns 7
imperial ideology 5
patrimony 7
marriage prospects 29–30
medieval governance 32
“orders” in society 33
papacy 33
personal bonds 31
Privilegium maius 30
production and reproduction of dynasty
cadet lines 5
conceptions of impersonal, public state 3
danger of marrying outside family 6
inheritance 5
inter-breeding 6
marital alliances 6
partible inheritance 5
production and reproduction of dynasty, 3
Reformation and Counter-Reformation 5
role and image of sovereign 30–1
territorial lordship 31
territorial partition 30
theme of prestige and honor 31
Edict of Restitution 135–6, 138
Edict of Tolerance 194, 196
Enlightenment 2, 8, 181–207
“February Patent” 242
Felipe II (1527–98) 83–95
Alpujarras revolt 87–8
Arras, treaty of 90
bankruptcy 94
1575 bankruptcy 89–90
bureaucratic, desk-bound style 85–6
Calvinists’ attack on Catholic churches 89
“Castilianization” of Felipe 86
Cateau-Cambrésis, treaty of 94
characteristics 84
collaboration in empire 86
conflict with England 92–3
Dutch pirates or “Sea Beggars” 89
foreign policy 86–7
“heretics” as subjects 90
Inquisition 84
Lutheranism and Anabaptism 89
moriscos 87
and Muslims 87
papacy 85
peace with France, 1598 95
Portugal joined to Spain 91–2
proclamation by Dutch States General 90
re-Catholicization in England 92
revolt in Netherlands 88
“Spanish Fury” 90
unifying Iberian peninsula 91
Felipe III (1578–1621) 95–7
arbitristas 96
armistice with England in 1604 97
expulsion of moriscos from spain 97
food shortages 95
monarchy’s problems 95
validos, power of 96–7
Felipe IV (1605–65) 122–31
Andalusian nobility, revolt of 128
bankruptcy, Spanish monarchy 124
Catalan revolt 127
Cherasco, treaty of 125
Dunes, battle of 129
El rey planeta (“the planet king”) 122
General Crisis 129–30
lover of arts 122
Olivares and Felipe 122–4
property tax 126
reforms by Olivares 125
riots against idea of union with Castile 126
silver influx 130
Spanish decline 130–1
“Spanish Road” 126
strategic commitments 122
treaty with Dutch 129
truces with England and France 126
Union of Arms 125
Ferdinand I (1503–64) 68–73
Anabaptism 71
Bohemian crown 69
Calvinism 72
Catholic reform proposals 72
Charles’s regent in Hereditary Lands 68
conflict with Ottomans 70–1
devout Catholic 71
Lutheranism 71
nobles’ rebellion in 1547 69
Protestant-Catholic schism 72
“the second serfdom” 71
succession to Hungarian crown 68–9
tolerant of Protestantism 71
“Turkish tax” 70
xenophobic resistance 68
Ferdinand I (1793–1875) 222–7
abdication 227
April Laws 225
Austrian Academy of Sciences 222
coronations in Prague/Milan 222
customs union between Austria and Hungary 222
first telegraph connection 222
Germany, problems of monarchy 225
Italy, secessionist pressures 226
nationalism, growth of 223–4
outbreak of revolution in 1848 223
population growth and shortage of jobs 223
1848 revolutions 224–5
role in revolution 226–7
Ferdinand II (1578–1637) 131–7
Breitenfeld, battle of 136
control over Bohemia 135
Counter-Reformation 132
Counter-Reformatory ardor 132
Edict of Restitution 135–6
elected king of Bohemia 133
Friedrich, “Winter King” 134
moral convictions 132
re-Catholicization 132
Swedish invasion 135
tensions between Protestants and Catholics 133
Thirty Years’ War, 133
Verneuerte Landesordnung 134
Ferdinand III (1608–57) 137–9
alliance with Transylvanian prince György Rákóczi 138
attacks from east, 138
Counter-Reformation 137
Felipe IV’s succession problems 139
peaceful conclusion to wars 137
Peace of Westphalia 138–9
Swedes, enemity 139
Thirty Years’ War 139
France’s War of Devolution 150
Francis I (II) see Franz I (II)
Franz I (II) (1768–1835) 210–21
Austrian influence in Italy 220
Austrian National Bank in 1816 218
Austro-German patriotism 214
balance of power 216–17
Battle of Nations in October 1813 216
believed in rule of law 210
Campo Formio, treaty of 212
casualty of wars against France 213
censorship 219
complacent Austrian Biedermeier 218
compulsory free primary schooling for girls 218
1814–15 Congress of Vienna 215, 216
customs unions 220
decline of Habsburg influence in Germany 219–20
development of monarchy 210–12
developments outside monarchy 219
emperor of Holy Roman Empire 210
expiration of Holy Roman Empire 213
French Revolution’s transformations 217, 218
governance system 218
growth of bourgeoisie 219
Holy Alliance of Austria, Prussia, and Russia 218
industrialization 218
Metternich’s (diplomat) approach 214
military and ideological campaigns, 212
Napoleon, emperor of France 213
Napoleon’s defeat 216
nationalism and liberalism in Hungary 220–1
Pressburg, treaty of 214
railways and canals 218
reforms 214, 219
revolution abroad 212–13
Sixth Coalition, formation of 215
social changes 219
War of Second Coalition 212
War of Third Coalition 214
wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France 210
Franz Joseph I (1830–1916) 236–59
abolition of serfdom 238
Ausgleich (“compromise”) with Hungary in 1867 245
Austria-Hungary into its alliance with Germany, 255
autocratic centralism 239
Bach system 239
Balkan states 255
Berlin Conference, 1878 255
Bismarck, rise of 243
Crimean crisis, 1853 240–1
cultural bloom 248
Czech/German language rights 253
democratic state and society 250
division of society along national lines 253
domestic life 251–2
dualism’s division of powers 245–6
Dual Monarchy 256
economy, advances in 247
eminent writers in German 248
extremism in South Slav areas 256
“February Patent” 242
foreign policy 255
German-centric culture 253–4
Hungarian revolutionaries 238
Hungarian writers 248
idealization of military 241
International threats 256–7
Kindertausch 253
Königgrätz, battle of
244
Kremsier Constitution 238, 239
legislation 249
Lombardy, possession of 241
military and foreign policy 250–1
Nagodba (“Agreement”) with Croat leaders 246
nationalism 248
neo-absolutist period 240
“October Diploma” 242
oktroyierte Märzverfassung (“imposed March constitution”) 238
paternalism 240
Prussian-Austrian war 243
public goods 257
reform of monarchy 257–8
rigid professionalism 236
rise of Christian Socials 249–50
royal patent 239
Russia, intervention from 238
Solferino, battle of 241
suppression of rebellions 236
uprising in Galicia 243
Votive Church in gothic style 249
war for Italian unification 242
World War One, disaster of 258–9
French Bourbons or Hohenzollerns 7, 169, 174, 185, 213, 268
French Revolution’s transformations 217, 218
Friedrich I (1289–1330) 21–2
Friedrich III (1415–93) 36–43
achievement 41
“Arch-sleepyhead” (Erzschlafmütze) 36
Burgundian inheritance 41–2
chaos of intra-family complications 38
disorder in Austria 39–40
Duke of Inner Austria in 1435 38
dynastic succession issues 42
heirs 38–9
imperial diet meeting 40
introverted personality 36
mission 38
periodic anarchy 36
ruling style 36
temporary regency by Tyolean estates 43
use of young Habsburg heir 38–9
wedding of Maximilian 41–2
withdrawal from German affairs 40
Germanization 162, 201, 207
Great Northern War 169
Great Peasants’ War 62
Habsburg–Luxemburg inheritance treaty 29
Habsburgs’ realms 10–14
composite monarchies 10–11
consolidating and centralizing 10
heritage in eastern central Europe 11
kings 12–13
terminology 12
“heretics” 90, 110
Hungarian diet 152, 172–3, 181, 185, 188, 196, 220
Jansenism 199
Joseph I (1678–1711) 167–70
campaigns of 1702 and 1704 in Germany 169
conquest of Spanish Netherlands 168
contrast between brother Karl VI 167
educated by Jesuits 167
financial contributions from estates 169–70
Great Northern War 169
Pactum mutuae succesionis 168
rationalist intellectual trends 168
revolt in Hungary and Transylvania 169
subordination of Empire 169
Vienna City Bank in 1706 168
war with Bourbons 167
Joseph II (1741–90) 190–6
acquisition of Bavaria 195
advances in public health 193, 196
Austrian military 195–6
dismissive treatment of Hungarian and Croatian diets 195
economic and social reforms 193–4
Edict of Tolerance of 1781 194, 196
The Habsburgs- The History of a Dynasty Page 43
