Hare Brain, Tortoise Mind

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Hare Brain, Tortoise Mind Page 34

by Guy Claxton


  Meyer, D.E. 62

  midbrain 146, 158

  Midsummer Night’s Dream, A (Shakespeare) 204

  Milne, A.A. 48

  mind

  becomes stuck in one mode or the other 96–7

  beginner’s (shoshin) 198–9

  current image of the mind 222–3

  expanded theatre image 225

  historic changes in view of 204–5

  implicit identification with consciousness 115

  shift in understanding of the 226

  slow see slow mind

  swinging flexibly between conscious thought and intuition 96, 99

  as ‘the theatre of consciousness’ 222, 224–5

  three different processing speeds 1–2

  see also undermind

  Mind of a Mnemonist, The (Luria) 153

  mind-body dualism 223

  mindfulness 165, 180–87, 193, 194, 219

  Mintzberg, Henry 211

  mnemonics 13

  Moore, Henry 95

  Morelli, Giovanni 165, 167

  ‘Moses of Michelangelo, The’ (Freud) 167

  motivation 131

  Mott, Sir Neville 57

  Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 94

  Muller, Catherine (known as Helen Smith) 113–14

  mutation 95

  ‘mutilated chessboard’ 35–6, 36, 55, 88

  Native American Medicine Cards 1

  near-death experiences 114

  needs 17, 134, 145, 155

  negative capability 174

  Neill, A S. 188, 189

  Neill, Mrs 188, 189

  neocortex 158

  neural Darwinism 95

  neural networks 140, 141–3, 142, 151, 152, 161

  neural pathways 151, 152

  neuro-transmitters 135, 137

  ‘neuromodulation’ effect 146

  neurons 136

  and amines 146

  in the brain 134

  change in electrical communication bewteen 137

  clusters of 138, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150, 154–5, 157

  cortical 144

  electrical impulses 134–5

  ‘extended family’ of 139

  groups working in synchrony 145

  reciprocal inhibition 145

  response to subliminal stimuli 157–8

  New York Times 71

  Newton, Sir Isaac 58

  NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor sites 137

  Noddings, Nel 58

  Norberg-Hodge, Helena 4–5

  norepinephrine 146

  observation 49, 210

  d-mode values explanation over 7–8

  developing powers of 218

  limits to powers of 25

  as a major learning vehicle 33

  ‘Ode to Immortality’ (Wordsworth) 175

  ‘old age’ 181–2

  ‘On “Having” a Poem’ (Skinner lecture) 68–9

  opportunities 134

  Organization of Behavior, The (Hebb) 137

  out-of-body experiences 114

  pain, relief of 124–5, 182, 183–4

  paralinguistic cues 114

  Pascal, Blaise 224

  passivity 197

  past lives, reversion to 113–14

  patience

  cultivating 84

  focusing and 172

  and intuition 49, 57–8

  Patton, CJ. 108

  perception(s) 182, 193

  coarsening of 131–2

  and consciousness 106, 126–7

  d-mode treats as unproblematic 7

  degraded 19

  as diagnostic in d-mode 164

  effects of ‘backward’ and ‘lateral masking’ on 121–2

  and imagination 81

  inability to articulate 44

  information and 38

  and intuition 130

  power of subliminal forces on 204

  seeking perceptual intensity 186–7

  skimping on 179–80

  subliminal 100, 101, 107, 108, 117, 119–20, 150–51

  unconscious 100–115, 117, 150

  visual 101, 104

  perceptual defence 117

  Peters, Tom 209

  philosophy 3, 4, 226

  Piaget, Jean 21

  Picasso, Pablo 84

  Pierce, C.S. 105, 106, 113

  pineal gland 157

  Pinel, Alain 209

  Pittman, Thane 101, 104, 107, 108, 111

  Planck, Max 79

  Planck’s dictum 79

  plasticity 18, 19

  Platform Sutra 199

  Plato 203

  Plotinus 204

  poetic sensibility 165–9, 193

  poetry 4, 99, 176–9, 206

  Coleridge and composition 59–60

  d-mode and 10, 94–6, 226

  Housman on 69–70

  and intelligence 17

  Lowell on composition 67

  and slow knowing 3, 176

  Poetzl, Otto 106, 107

  Poincare, Henry 60, 93–4

  polar planimeter 39–40, 40, 43

  Postman, Neil 5, 206

  practice, as a major learning vehicle 33

  prajna (wisdom) 199–200

  premature cognitive commitments 182

  preparation

  and creativity 94, 149

  unconscious 104

  Price, Mark 106–7

  Priestley, Joseph 85

  Prince, George 77, 78

  prosopagnosia 157

  psyche 203

  psychoanalysis 129–30, 166, 167

  psychology 9

  psychotherapy 3, 9, 169–70, 193, 224

  reactions, quick 51

  reality

  conscious interpretation as 112

  hallucinations 124, 180

  language and 46

  a play and 225

  reason 95, 203, 204, 205, 226

  Reber, Arthur 26

  rebus problems 60–61

  receptivity 57, 170, 175

  recognising faces 92, 93

  ‘Recommendations to physicians practising psychoanalysis’ (Freud) 129–30

  ‘Reflections’ (Kafka) 175–6

  reflexes 17

  reframing 182, 189, 194

  Reiser, Stanley 167–8

  repression 161

  resilience, learning 216–17, 218

  resourcefulness 218, 221

  retrograde amnesia 118–19

  Rilke, Rainer Maria 176

  Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning, The (Mintzberg) 211

  Rogers, Carl 193

  Rokeach, Milton 52, 75–6

  Rorschach ink-blot test 77

  Rosli, Philop Kapleau 164

  Ross, Doug 201–2, 215

  Rowan, Roy 210, 211

  Royal Society of Arts 202

  Rubik cube 28–30, 29

  rules of thumb 37

  rumination 45–6, 47, 49, 206, 209

  Ruskin,John 166

  saccades 104

  Sacks, Oliver 179

  Sahn Sunim, Seung 199

  Sartre, Jean-Paul 78

  Schiller, Johann von 78

  scholastic fallacy 41

  Schon, Donald 75

  Schooler, Jonathan 86, 88, 90–93

  science 226

  the creative stimulus 70

  the imaginative stimulus 70

  inertia of 79

  intuition in 56–8, 219

  and slow learning 9

  Scientific Monthly, The 67

  Scott, Nathan 201

  self

  being unconscious of 196

  changing the sense of self 126

  conscious 223

  self-consciousness 116–32, 158–9

  self-image 126, 159

  self-monitoring 110

  ‘Self-reliance’ (Emerson) 81

  Selzer, Richard 168, 169

  sensory deprivation 19

  serotonin 146

  Shakespeare, William 204

  shoshin (beginne
r’s mind) 198–9

  Sidis, B. 105

  Singer, Jerome 131

  Singer, Wolf 144

  sixth sense 113

  Skinner, B.F. 68

  Skynner, Robin 192–3

  slow mind

  associated with creativity or ‘wisdom’ 3

  decline of slow thinking 4–7

  defined 2

  used for intricate, shadowy or ill defined situations 3

  as vital 2

  slow ways of knowing see under knowing

  Smith, Helen (Catherine Muller) 113–14

  Smith, Steven 60, 61–2, 63

  ‘snap judgements’ 51, 92

  Social Statics (Spencer) 48

  soul, the 99, 157, 174, 204, 224

  special relativity theory 56

  speculation 77–8

  Spence 150–51

  Spencer Brown, George 58

  Spencer, Herbert 48–9, 50, 56

  Spender, Stephen 71, 78

  Spinoza, Benedict 3

  ‘split brain’ patients 127

  Spoils of Poynton, The (James) 70

  Stein, Gertrude 68

  stereotypes 109, 110–11, 111, 195

  Sternberg, Robert 20, 194

  stress 76, 130–31

  ‘study skills’ programmes 221–2

  subconscious 223

  subliminal advertising 100

  subliminal perception see under perception

  Summerhill school 188, 189

  Sur I’Intelligence (Taine) 224–5

  Suzuki, D.T. 172, 199–200

  Suzuki Roshi, Shunryu 198–9

  synapses 134, 135, 137, 146

  ‘Synectics’ programme 77

  Taine, H.A. 224–5

  Tao Te Ching 3, 84

  Tauler, Johannes 196–7, 200

  Taylor, Charles 76

  Teasdale, John 184–5

  technology 223

  and a sense of urgency 9

  and technopoly 5

  technopoly 5, 7, 206

  telepathy 105, 113, 114

  Temple, Archbishop William 219

  Tender is the Sight (Fitzgerald) 113

  thalamus 158

  Theories of Everything 6

  theta waves 148

  thinking

  calculative 207, 208

  and consciousness 206

  drawbacks of analytical thinking 86–8

  and ideas 206

  and information 206

  and intuition 86, 148, 214

  lateral 212

  low-focus 148

  meditative 207, 208

  scientific 223

  slow 5, 214

  Spencer’s mode of 48–9

  thinking fast 52

  thinking freshly 51

  thinking too little 94

  thinking too much 85, 94

  thinking what is thinkable 91

  thought(s)

  d-mode and 7, 10

  fleeting 80

  and intuition 96

  logical 42

  and the mind’s three different processing speeds 1–2

  pattern of thought gradually forming itself 48–9

  perversion of 49

  sudden insight 56–7

  threats 17, 134, 145, 155, 161, 213

  thymos 172

  time

  changing conception of and attitude towards 4–5

  and creativity 52, 75, 76–7

  ‘saving’ 5

  ‘tip-of-the-tongue’ (TOT) state 61–2, 64, 151

  trial and error 32, 42

  tunnel vision 130

  Tversky, Amos 55

  Tyrol, Duchess of 191

  ‘Unborn’ 3

  uncertainty

  and intuition 74–5

  learning and 6, 17–18

  unconscious

  accomplishment of tasks 4

  and conscious/consciousness 18–19, 37, 63, 72, 116–17, 124, 199–200, 204, 226

  and consciousness 64, 66, 223–4

  history of the 197

  misleading about an experience 109

  neglect of 6–7

  new conception of 223

  regarded as wild and unruly rather than as a valuable resource 7

  relationship with one’s 3

  unconscious perception 100–115, 117, 150

  unconsciousness, tactical 122

  undermind

  ability to register events and make connections 113

  accessing information in the 117–19

  acquires knowledge 37

  ambivalent relationship with 203–4

  becomes active 116

  concerned with survival and wellbeing 119

  and consciousness 37–8, 81, 107, 116, 124

  and déjà vu experiences 109

  evidence for 67

  and ideas 95

  and information 25

  and intuition 50, 53

  key to the 13–14

  makes adjustments to the data it receives 104

  neglected by modern Western culture 7

  news flashes by 103

  and problem-solving 63

  promptings of the 72

  relocation of the centre of identity and intelligence to 198

  research on cognitive capacity of 226

  respecting the powers of the 114

  and self-consciousness 128

  and subliminal knowledge 62

  and wisdom 195

  understanding

  ‘articulated’ 43

  d-mode and 7

  and language complexity 11–12

  University of Birmingham (‘Brains, Minds and Consciousness’ symposium) 133

  University of Edinburgh Psychology Department 104

  Valéry, Paul 28, 177

  verbalisation 90, 91, 92, 120

  verification 94, 149, 150

  Viesti, Carl 79–80

  vision

  impaired night vision 130

  peripheral 131

  visual acuity, and sense of self 126

  visualisation 13, 219

  Voltaire 195

  Wallas, Graham 94

  Wason, Peter 31–2

  Watzlawick, Paul 23

  Weil, Simone 99

  Weiskrantz, Lawrence 127

  Westcott, Malcolm 72–5

  Whalley, George 177

  Whistler, J.M. 166

  Whitehead, A.N. 15

  Whyte, Lancelot Law 148, 197–8, 205, 223

  Winner, Ellen 175

  wisdom

  acting with knowledge while doubting 195

  allowing oneself time 192–3

  Buddhism and 198

  concept of prajna 199–200

  and d-mode 191, 195

  defined 188, 191

  and fundamental values 190–91

  icons of 4

  seeing through the apparent issue to the real issue underlying it 189, 190

  and the slow mind 3

  and the undermind 195

  the wise individual 194

  works with ‘the big picture’ 190

  ‘wits’ 2, 6, 21, 30, 43

  Wittgenstein, Ludwig 52

  Women’s Ways of Knowing (Belenky et al) 97

  word association 64–5

  wordscape 153–6, 154

  Wordsworth, William 94–5, 175

  Yale Medical School 168

  Yaniv, I. 62

  Zajonc 118

  Zeki, Semir 158

  Zen and Japanese Culture (Suzuki) 172

  Zen Buddhism 191, 198–9

  About the Author

  GUY CLAXTON is the author of Wholly Human, The Heart of Buddhism: Practical Wisdom for an Agitated World, and Noises from the Darkroom: The Science and Mystery of the Mind. He lives in England.

  Discover great authors, exclusive offers, and more at hc.com.

  Credits

  Cover design by Tom Lau

  Cover photographs © 2000 by Cordon Wiltsle (hare), Lee Foster (tortoise), and Phil Banko (suit and tie)

/>   Copyright

  First published in Great Britain in 1997 by Fourth Estate Limited.

  A hardcover edition of this book was published in 1999 by The Ecco Press.

  HARE BRAIN, TORTOISE MIND. Copyright © 1997 by Guy Claxton. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

  First HarperPerennial edition published 2000

  Text figures drawn by Carole Vincer

  ISBN 0-06-095541-4 (pbk.)

  EPub Edition April 2016 ISBN 9780062032119

  13 14 15 RRD 20 19

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