by S B Chrimes
Hanseatic League, Henry VII and, (i), (ii), n. 2, (iii); London headquarters (Steelyard), (i); act of 1504 and, (ii); Riga and, (i)
Harecourt, Sir John, denunciation, (i), n. 5
Haseley, Edward (dean of Warwick), tutor to Henry VII, (i), n. 5
Hastings, Lord, (i) and n. 3, (ii)
Hatcliffe, William, secretary to Edward IV, (i) and n. 2; under-treasurer, (i)
Haugh, John, judge of Common Pleas, (i)
Haydon, Henry, (i), n. 3
Hayes, John, convicted of treason, (i), n. 1
Henry II, lordship of Ireland, (i)
Henry IV, (i), (ii), (iii); ‘penal legislation’ against Wales, (i)
Henry V, (i), (ii), (iii); marriage to Catherine, (i), (ii); royal revenue, (i); and the navy, (i); as Prince of Wales, (i)
Henry VI, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); and his mother's remarriage, (i), (ii), n. 1, (iii); Readeption, (i) and n. 4, (ii) and n. 4, (iii), (iv), n. 2; restitution, (i) and n. 2; attainders, (i), n. 2; and Ireland, (i), (ii); judicature, (i); royal revenue, (i); landownership, (i)
Henry VII (Henry of Richmond), lack of direct information, (i), (ii); descent, (i), (ii); limited Welsh attachments, (i), (ii), claim to the throne, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) and nn 4, 5, (viii), (ix), (x), (xi); flight to Brittany, (i), (ii), (iii), n. 1, (iv); birth, (i); early life, (i), (ii) and nn, 4, 5, (iii), (iv), (v); deprived of honour of Richmond, (i) and n. 5; character and abilities, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); removed to St Malo, (i); legitimization of his ancestors, (i) and n. 2; recruits to his cause, (i), (ii), (iii); abortive expedition to England, (i) and n. 2, (ii), (iii); committed to marry Elizabeth of York, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); attainder, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); flight into France, (i), (ii); position in Franco-Breton relations, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); second expedition, (i), (ii), n. 2, (iii), (iv) and nn, (v), (vi); at Bosworth, (i), (ii), (iii); acclamation as king, (i) and n.; dating of his accession, (i) and n. 3; coronation, (i), (ii) and n. 2, (iii) and n. 2, (iv); lack of training for kingship, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); rewards his supporters, (i), (ii), n. 1, (iii); administrative appointments, (i); declaration of his title, (i); financial provisions, (i); marriage, (i); offspring, (i) and n. 3; and dynastic security, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); personal bodyguard, (i); and Lancastrian sentiment, (i); and Irish affairs, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); and Scottish affairs, (i) and n. 4, (ii), (iii); selection of trusted councillors, (i), (ii) and n. 5; lack of financial skill and resources, (i), (ii); reliance on Yorkist experience, (i) and n. 1, (ii); period of affluence, (i); and his revenue, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); and Crown lands, (i), (ii); and his marriage and wardship rights, (i); exploitation of his prerogative rights, (i), (ii), n. 3, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); legislative activity, (i) and n. 3, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); and ‘new peerages’, (i); his ultimate mark of honour (the Garter), (i) and n.; recipient of bills and petitions, (i), (ii); method of exerting coercion, (i); financial interest in litigation, (i), (ii), (iii) and n. 1; royal proclamations, (i); relevance of ‘De facto’ act of 1495, (i); and feoffment to uses, (i), n. 3, (ii), (iii); and law enforcement, (i), (ii); and unlawful practice of retaining, (i); and allegiance in war, 189, and n. (i), (ii); efforts to improve his finances, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); requests and demands for loans, (i); intention to invade France, (i) and n. 7; financial family provisions, (i); alleged financial rapacity, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); and remorse, (i), (ii), (iii); financial results of land revenue policy, (i); use of bonds, (i); investment in jewellery, plate, etc., (i); loans to merchants, (i); economic and social policy, (i), (ii); and overseas discovery, (i), (ii), n. 1, (iii); religious orthodoxy, (i), (ii), (iii); Welsh acquisitions, (i), (ii), (iii); ‘Indenture for the Marches’, (i), (ii); charters of privilege, (i), (ii), n. 5, (iii) and n. 3, (iv); nominal lordship of Ireland, (i), (ii); Irish titles, (i), n. 3; second marriage projects, 277, 278, 287 and n. 2, 288–93 passim, (i), (ii); personal relations and sorrows, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); failing powers and death, (i), (ii), (iii) and n. 3; and the marriage of Prince Henry, (i) and n. 1, (ii); assessment, (i) ff.; dependence on conjecture, (i), (ii); ambassadorial comments, (i); relations with his mother, (i); with his queen, (i), (ii); and his son's death, (i); court life, (i); items of expenditure, (i) and nn 2, 3; pastimes, (i), (ii); intellectual interests, (i) and n. 1; apprehension of plots and conspiracies, (i), (ii); use of recognizances, (i), (ii), (iii); his will and executors, (i); interment, (i) and n. 5; criticisms of his regime, (i); frustrated ambitions, (i); character of his reign, (i); companions in exile, (i); books of payments, (i); portraiture, (i): tomb effigies, (ii)
Henry VIII (Prince of Wales), (i), n. 3, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); coronation, (i); birth, (i) and n. 3; obsession with security, (i); becomes heir to the throne, (i), (ii), (iii); retention of his father's officials, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); and Prerogative rights, (i); reversal of attainders, (i); ecclesiastical policies, (i), (ii); king's lieutenant in Ireland, (i); titular king of Ireland, (i); marriage to Catherine of Aragon, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), n., (v); divorce proceedings, (i), n. 3; protest declaration to bp. Fox, (i) and n. 1; and his sister's marriage, (i), (ii); precocity, (i); and complainants against his father, (i); accession pardon, (i) and n. 2; accession policy, (i); judicial murders, (i)
Herbert, Anne, countess of Pembroke, (i) and n. 4
Herbert, Elizabeth, marriage, (i)
Herbert, Maud, countess of Northumberland, (i), n. 39
Herbert, Walter, (i) and n.
Herbert, Sir William, earl of Pembroke, (i), (ii); guardian to future Henry VII, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) n.; K.G., (i)
Herbert, William, second earl of Pembroke (later earl of Huntingdon), (i), n., (ii); indenture with Henry VII, (i), (ii), n. 1
Heron, Sir John, treasurer of the chamber, (i) and n. 3, (ii), (iii), n. 2, (iv), n. 1, (v); general-receiver, (i), (ii); and deposit of documents, (i); annual receipts, (i); confirmed by Henry VIII, (i) and n. 2; auditing of his chamber accounts, (i), n. 1; books of payments, (i)
Hesketh, Richard, Council Learned, (i), (ii), n. 1; lecture on Praerogativa regis, (i)
Hill, Richard, dean of Chapel Royal, (i)
Hobart, Sir James, (i)
Hody, John, chief justice of King's Bench, (i)
Hody, Sir William, chief baron of Exchequer, (i), (ii)
Holbein, Hans, Privy Chamber fresco, (i), (ii)
Holgrave, John, baron of the Exchequer, (i)
Holy League, (i), (ii), (iii)
Howard, John, duke of Norfolk, (i), (ii); at Bosworth, (i), (ii), (iii); death, (i), (ii); attainder, (i), n. 1
Howard, Thomas, earl of Surrey and duke of Norfolk, attainder, (i), n. 1, (ii); warden of Scottish Marches, (i), (ii); treasurer, (i), (ii)
Howard, Thomas, duke of Norfolk, (i), n. 2
Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, (i), n. 4, (ii), n. 1, (iii); and Owen Tudor, (i), (ii), n. 2, (iii), (iv)
Hungerford, Sir Walter, Baron Hungerford (d. 1449), and Owen Tudor, (i), (ii), (iii), n. 1, (iv); career, (i) and n. 1
Hungerford, Sir Walter (d. 1516), (i), n. 3; denunciation, (i), n. 5
Hussey, Sir John, master of the King's Wards, (i)
Huse (Husey, Hussey), Sir William, chief justice of King's Bench, (i), n. 4, (ii), (iii); an arrest in sanctuary, (i); on needs of law enforcement, (i) and n.; on futility of oath-taking, (i) and n. 3
Hutton, Thomas, agent to Duke Francis, (i), (ii)
Iceland, English fishing rights, (i) and n. 4
Imola, James, bp. of, (i), (ii)
Informers, rewards to, (i), (ii); private and Crown, (i) and n. 2, (ii)
Innocent VIII, Pope, (i), n. 2; and Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth of York, (i), n. 1, (ii), (iii), (iv); excommunicates rebel Irish bishops, (i), (ii)
Intercursus Magnus, (i), (ii), (iii) and n. 1, (iv), n. 4, (v)
Intercursus Malus, (i), n. 1, (ii) and n. 4, (iii)
Ireland, (i), (ii), n. 6,
(iii), (iv), (v), (vi); lieutenancy, (i) and n. 9, (ii), (iii), (iv); and plots against Henry VII, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); and Yorkist cause, (i), (ii), (iii); ‘Home Rule’ lords, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); and battle of Stoke, (i), (ii); excommunication of rebel bishops, (i); oaths of allegiance, (i) and n. 2, (ii), (iii); reception of Warbeck, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); validity of English statutes, (i), (ii) and n. 6; outlawing of its pence, (i); lordship, (i); English authority within the Pale, (i), (ii), (iii) and n. 1; post of deputy, (i); new government appointments, (i); English residents, (i), n. 6; avoidance of urban mis-government, (i); effect of Poynings's Law, (i); land ownership of magnate families, (i)
Isabella, queen of Charles VI, (i)
Isabella of Bourbon, (i)
Isabella of Spain, (i); and Catherine's marriage to Arthur, (i); death, (i), (ii) and n. 1, (iii); papal brief, (i), n. 3; and Catherine's marriage to Prince Henry, (i)
Isle of Wight, (i); practice of engrossing, (i)
Italian merchants; loans to Henry VII, (i); petitions to commons, (i)
Italy, French and Spanish aggression, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); League of Cambrai and, (i)
James III of Scotland, (i); relations with Henry VII, (i), (ii), (iii); and his brother Albany, (i); defeat and murder, (i), (ii); proposed marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, (i)
James IV of Scotland, (i), n. 3, (ii), (iii), n. 1; and Warbeck, (i), (ii), (iii); accession, (i), (ii); and Yorkist conspiracies, (i), (ii); marriage to Margaret Tudor, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) and n. 5; grandfather of Mary, queen of Scots, (i), n. 5
Joan, queen of Naples, potential bride for Henry VII, (i), (ii), (iii)
Joanna of Castile, archduchess of Austria and Burgundy, wife of Archduke Philip, (i) and n. 1, (ii), (iii); widowhood, (i), (ii); and throne of Castile, (i), (ii); and marriage to Henry VII, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); alleged ‘madness’, (i), (ii), n. 1; death after confinement at Tordesillas, (i), n. 5
John, King, (i), (ii)
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, (i)
Joseph, Michael, (i), n. 2
Judicature, (i); administration of royal justice, (i); work and personnel of special tribunals, (i), (ii); conciliar character, (i), (ii); presentation and purpose of bills and petitions, (i); serving of writs, (i); absence of juries, (i); nature of punishments, (i); private suits, (i); special commission dealing with conspiracies, plots etc., (i) and n. 2; appointment of justices, (i); and degree of serjeant-at-law, (i), (ii), (iii); functions of assemblies, (i); decisions on constitutional points, (i); recourse to outlawing, (i), (ii), n. 1; development of quarter sessions, (i); significant statutory enactments, (i) ff.; effect of prolonged feudal incidents, (i); Welsh arrangements, (i). See also Council Learned and King's Council
Julius II, Pope, (i), n. 2; Henry VII and, (i); and marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine, (i) and n. 3; and League of Cambrai, (i)
Juries, absence in Star Chamber cases, (i); alleged bribery and corruption, (i), (ii), (iii), n. 5, (iv), (v); enquiry into unlawful retainers, (i); statutory censure, (i)
Justices of the peace, (i); and Richard III's act of attainder, (i), n. 2; functions, (i), (ii), (iii); members, (i); appointments, (i); government concern, (i), (ii), (iii); statutory provisions, (i), (ii); powers, (i); treatises on, (i); minor duties, (i); and riots and unlawful assemblies, (i); threat of royal dismissal, (i); shortcomings, (i); statutory censure, (i)
Kemp, John, archbishop of York, (i)
Kempe, Thomas, bp. of London, (i)
Kendal, John, attainder, (i), n. 1
Kent, and Buckingham's rebellion, (i), (ii) and n. 1, (iii); reached by Cornish rebels, (i)
Kidwelly, Morgan, attorney-general, (i), n. 4
Kildare Co., (i)
Kilkenny, (i), (ii); confirmation of statutes, (i) and n. 6
King, Oliver, king's secretary, (i), n. 5, (ii); in Rome, (i), n. 2; keeper of the Signet, (i); bishoprics, (i); French Secretary, (i) and n. 3
King's Bench, (i); and arrest in sanctuary, (i) and n. 4; members, (i); chief justices, (i), (ii); functioning under Henry VII, (i) and n. 2; and Justices of the Peace, (i); and law enforcement, (i); and retainer cases, (i)
King's Council, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); essential unity and flexibility, (i) and n. 2, (ii); method of working, (i); judicial business, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); organ and instrument of government, (i); establishment and personnel, (i); recruitment of councillors, (i), (ii); overlap with Yorkist council, (i), (ii); appointment of president, (i) and n. 7, (ii), (iii), (iv); numbers attending meetings, (i), (ii); office of chancellor, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); treasurership, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); keepership of Privy Seal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and n. 4; most important councillors, (i); testimony from ambassadors, (i); subjects dealt with, (i); and debt collection, (i), (ii), (iii); as a court of law, (i) ff.; and ‘poor men's causes’, (i); and legislation, (i); and London book of rates, (i), n. 5; and legal validity of Welsh licences, (i); and Ireland, (i) n. See also Council Learned
King's Wards, (i)
Kingsmill, John, judge of Common Pleas, (i)
Knevet, Sir William, denunciation, (i), n. 5; and papal dispensation, (i)
Kyme, Thomas, (i), n. 2
Lancaster, duchy of, (i), (ii), n. 2, (iii), n. 1; chancellorship, (i), (ii); enquiry into landed revenues, (i), (ii); Henry VII's acquisitions, (i)
Landowners, escape from common law restrictions, (i); acts concerned with feoffments to uses, (i), (ii) and n. 3, (iii); and cestui qui use, (i), (ii), n. 2; evasion of death revenues due to Crown, (i); dues owed by tenants-in-chief, (i); extension to incorporeal things, (i) and n. 2
Landois, Peter, treasurer to Francis II, (i), (ii), (iii); intrigues, (i); downfall and death, (i) and n. 1
Langley, Edmund of, first duke of York, land grants, (i)
Langton, Thomas, bp. of Winchester, archbishop elect, (i); under Edward IV, (i), n. 1
Lathell, Nicholas, baron of the Exchequer, (i)
Law enforcement, work of court of Exchequer, (i); Justices of the Peace and, (i); statutory enactments, (i), (ii), (iii) ff.; scanty nature and observance, (i), (ii); penalties prescribed, (i); and retaining offences, (i), (ii); Henry VII and, (i), (ii), (iii); use of bonds, (i), (ii); Welsh marcher lords and, (i); Drogheda parliament enactments, (i)
League of Cambrai, (i); exclusion of Henry VII, (i), (ii); signatories, (i)
League of Venice, signatories, (i)
Legal profession, continuity of tenure, (i); hierarchy and system of training, (i); status, (i); itinerant and special commissions, (i); assembly of all justices, (i); and statutory enactments, (i); and Praerogativa regis, (i). See also Judicature
Legislation, part of statecraft, (i); by royal proclamation, (i); by statute, (i); constitutional, (i); criminal, (i), (ii) and n. 3; procedural, (i), (ii); ‘benefit of clergy’ in criminal trials, (i), (ii) and n. 1, (iii); treatment of murderers, (i) and n. 3; on abuses of livery and retaining, (i); relating to Church matters, (i); by Drogheda parliament, (i) and nn., (ii) and nn
Lewis, physician to Lady Margaret, (i); tutor to Rhys ap Thomas, (i)
Lewkenor, Roger, (i), n. 3
Leybourne, Roger, bp. of Carlisle, (i), n. 1; and the audit, (i); Council Learned, (i); legal training, (i), n. 2
Llewyllyn the Great, (i)
Local government, ‘defeudalization’, (i); Crown control, (i); dependence on Justices of the Peace, (i)
Lollards, act against, (i)
London, (i); reception of Henry VII, (i); source of revenue, (i), n. 1; office of under-sheriff, (i); jury regulations, (i); book of rates, (i) and n. 5; and Cabot, (i); official recognition of Merchant Adventurers, (i); Steelyard, (i); Savoy Hospital, (i)
Louis XI of France, and Jasper Tudor, (i), (ii); alliance with Margaret of Anjou, (i); and Edward IV, (i), (ii), (iii); and Francis II, (i); death, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Scottish intrigues, (i)
Louis XII (duke of Orléans), (i), n. 1, (ii); intervention in Brittany, (i); marriage to Mary Tudor, (i), n. 3, (ii); and H
enry VII, (i), (ii); three wives, (i); and League of Cambrai, (i), (ii); accession, (i)
Lovel, Francis, first viscount, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); attainder, (i), n. 1, (ii), n. 3; armed uprising, (i), (ii); escape, (i) and nn 2, 3, (ii); at Stoke, (i)
Lovel of Tichmarsh, John, Lord, (i)
Lovell, Sir Thomas, chancellor of the exchequer, (i) and n. 12, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), n. 3, (vi) and n.; speaker, (i), (ii), (iii); and King's Council, (i) and n. 5; financial expertise, (i), (ii); K.G., (i), (ii); treasurer of the Household, (i); receipts from land revenue, (i); treasurer of the chamber, (i) and n. 3, (ii); master of the King's Wards, (i); depictures, (i); association with Malvern, (i), (ii) n.
Low Countries, economic sanctions, (i)
Lyndwood, William, keeper of the Privy Seal, (i)
Lytton, Sir Robert, under-treasurer, (i); keeper of the Great Wardrobe, etc., (i)
Machado, Roger (Richmond Herald), embassies, (i), n. 6, (ii), n. 2
Maidstone, and Buckingham's rebellion, (i), n. 1, (ii); attainders, (i), (ii)
Maine, John, conspirator, (i), n. 2
Mancini, Dominic, (i), n. 2; on Morton, (i)
March, earldom of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); restoration of order, (i)
March, Edward, earl of, at Mortimer's Cross, (i), n. 1
Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, marriage to James IV, (i) and n. 3, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) and n. 5; to earl of Angus, (i), n. 5; to Henry, Lord Methven, (i), n. 5; grandmother of Mary, queen of Scots, and Darnley, (i), n. 5
Margaret of Angoulême, potential bride for Henry VII, (i), for Prince Henry, (ii), n. 1
Margaret of Anjou, (i), (ii), (iii); queen of Henry VI, (i); cedes Berwick to Scodand, (i); in exile, (i)
Margaret, duchess of Burgundy, (i), (ii), n. 3, (iii); and Warbeck, (i), (ii) and n. 3, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Margaret of Savoy, daughter of Maximilian, (i); as regent, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); proposed bride for Henry VII, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Marowe, Thomas, common pleader of London, reading on ‘De pace terre’, (i); legal posts, (i)
Mary of Burgundy, wife of Maximilian, (i)
Mary Tudor, duchess of Suffolk, queen of Louis XII, (i) and n. 3, (ii), (iii), (iv); betrothal to Archduke Charles, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
