Gneisenau (German battle cruiser), 150, 157, 301, 330
goniometer, 26
Göring, Herman, 8, 54, 73, 74, 332, 338
Gould, Eric, 179, 260, 281–2
Grieve, David, 268, 269, 339
Grosses Moosbruch (eastern Germany), 36
Halliwell, Stan, 250
Hamburg, Allied bombing raids on, 334–5
Hardwick near Chesterfield, 101, 104–5
Harvey, Group Captain ‘Stiffy’, 60–1
Heller (German prisoner), 245, 273, 292, 323–6
Henry V (Laurence Olivier film, 1944), 318
Hertz, Heinrich, 9, 78
Hill, A.V., 14
Hill, Tom, 103–4, 264, 270, 310
Hill, Flight Lieutenant Tony, 132–4, 135
Hitler, Adolf, 7, 8, 11, 53, 75, 98–9, 145, 326
Hodgkin, Alan, 79
Hong Kong, Japanese capture of, 139
Hopkins, Anthony, 352
Hughes-Hallett, Captain John, 146, 177–8
Huhn, Oberleutnant, 216, 240, 241, 251–2, 293
Hülsmeyer, Christian, 9–10, 37
Humphreys, Alan, 287–8, 305–6, 308, 311
Hurricane aircraft, 71, 74
Imperial College, London, 13
In Which We Serve (Noel Coward film, 1942), 310–11
India, 149
intelligence, military: accuracy of, 299, 340; Oslo Report, 109–12, 113, 114, 118, 124–5; Resistance groups in Europe and, 134–5, 153–66, 200, 213; R.V. Jones moves to Air Ministry, 113; see also Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)
Inveraray, Scotland, 178–81, 199
Iraq conflict, 357
Ismay, General Sir Hastings, 56, 149
Italy: Allied invasion of Sicily, 347–9; desert war and, 93; Tragino aqueduct attack (Operation Colossus), 362, 93–8, 340
James, Admiral Sir William ‘Bubbles’, 176–7, 224–5, 228
jamming of radar: ‘Mandrel’ system, 333; opposition to, 330, 331–2, 333, 334; science of, 323, 330–2, 333–7, 338; ‘Spoof’ system, 333–4; ‘Window’ system (aluminium strips), 331–2, 333, 334–7
Japan: fall of Singapore (February 1942), 151, 301; invasion of Malaya, 139, 149, 151; Pearl Harbor attack, 138, 139, 140; victories in pacific (December 1941), 139
Jodrell Bank, 358–9
Jones, Corporal, 251, 252, 253, 273, 340
Jones, Lieutenant-Colonel ‘H’, 357
Jones, Reginald Victor, 113–19, 120–5, 130–5, 193–4, 328, 337–8; background of, 112–13; Freya early warning system and, 119, 121, 123–5, 131; ‘Giant Würzburgs’ and, 135–6, 322; Oslo Report and, 109, 110, 111–12, 113, 114, 118, 124–5; Photo intelligence and, 121–3, 124, 126, 130–4, 135, 136; post-war life, 357–8; proposes raid on Bruneval, 136–7, 185, 340; science of jamming and, 330, 332; volunteers for Bruneval mission, 185; Würzburg A system and, 124–5, 131–2, 134, 135, 136–7, 321–3, 325–6
Junkers Ju 52 aircraft, 53, 98
Junkers Ju 88 aircraft, 110
Kammhuber, General Josef, 329, 338
Keyes, Sir Roger, 86–9, 90–1, 141, 142, 143
Kiel, Germany, 10, 37–9
Kriegsmarine (German navy), 145, 157, 260–1, 276–7, 330; ‘Channel Dash’, 150, 151, 301, 330; development of radar and, 37–41, 45, 119; Seetakt (radar system), 41, 45
Kühnhold, Dr Rudolf, 37–40, 43–4
Lajoye, Maurice, 295, 296
Lawley, Arthur ‘Taff’, 94
Le Havre, Haute-Normandie, 131, 158, 160, 205–6, 213–14, 215, 220, 233, 234, 295, 353
Lechevallier, André, 295
Leningrad, siege of, 139–40
Levant, Oscar, 313
Lewis, W.B., 136
Lindemann, Frederick, 82, 112–13, 114, 115, 116; friendship with Churchill, 11–12; opposition to jamming, 331–2, 333
Lindsay, Captain Martin, 61
Lofoten Islands raid (March 1941), 89–90, 312
Lorenz company, 41–2, 115, 116
Lovell, Bernard, 79, 358
Luce, David, 146, 177–8
Luft Hansa, 7, 53
Luftwaffe: 23rd Air Reconnaissance Regiment, 214–15; A2-Gerät (A2 Apparatus), 42; Air Intelligence Branch, 213–15; Battle of Britain losses, 74; bombing of London, 75, 76, 117; bombing of radar stations, 74, 79; Coventry raid (14 November 1940), 117; creation of by Hitler, 7–8; Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers), 52–4, 107, 214, 294; ignorance of British radar system, 73–4; interrogation of Bruneval prisoners, 294; Knickebein system of bomber guidance, 114–17; low skill of radar personnel, 323–6; Luftgau Nachrichten-Regiment 12 (12th Signals Regiment), 124; parachute school, 52–3; personnel at Bruneval, 161, 213–15, 218, 245, 248, 273, 292–3; see also Freya early warning system; Würzburg A system
Lulworth Cove, Dorset, 182–3
Lumb, Sergeant, 275–6, 283
LZ 130 Zeppelin airship, 73
magnetron, resonant cavity, 78–81, 82–3
Malaya, Japanese invasion of, 139, 149, 151
Mallory, Air Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh, 334
Malvern College, Worcestershire, 328–9
‘Mandrel’ jamming system, 333
Manifould, Flying Officer William, 122
Market Garden, Operation, 349–52
Martini, General Wolfgang, 42, 294
Martlesham Heath in Suffolk, 12, 32
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, 81, 336
Mayer, Emil, 42
McCallum, Corporal John, 291–3
McIntyre, Private, 250, 284
McKenzie, Sergeant, 244, 245, 339
Medhurst, Air Vice Marshal Charles, 120
medical officers, 207, 208
Medmenham RAF establishment, 126–31, 132, 210, 327
Melches, Oberleutnant Hans, 214, 218
Messerschmitt aircraft, 47, 72, 129
microwave radar technology, 77–81, 82–3
Millar, George, The Bruneval Raid: Flashpoint of the Radar War (1974), 364
Millet, Allan (with Nicolas Bucourt), Raid de Bruneval et de La Poterie-Cap-d’Antifer: Mystères et Verité (2012), 364
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 345, 349–50, 352
monument at Bruneval site, 364–365
Morgan, Stanley, 309
morphine, 208, 262, 290
motor gunboats (MGBs), 206, 207, 259, 260, 282–3, 284–5, 339, 343
Motor Torpedo Boats (MTBs), 343
Mountbatten, Lord Louis: appointed head of Combined Operations, 91–2, 137, 138; Bruneval as publicity success, 305; clears ‘Private Newman’ for mission, 199; initial planning for Bruneval, 146–7, 149, 150; orchestration of news by, 310–12, 313, 315, 316; promotions after Bruneval, 341–2; reorganisation and expansion of Combined Operations, 141–6; reports to Churchill after Bruneval raid, 299; sinking of HMS Kelly and, 310–11; visits C Company at Inveraray, 179–80, 199, 313, 316
Munich conference (1938), 54
Nagel, Peter (‘Private Newman), 196–9, 245, 277, 285, 344
Nastri, Nicol, 95, 97
National Grid, 27
Naumoff, Lieutenant Peter, 204, 250, 251
navy, German see Kriegsmarine (German navy)
Nazi state, German: banning of amateur radio, 326; civilian company rivalries in, 41–2, 43–4, 119; military rearmament, 7–8; Nagel and, 198; Telefunken and, 42, 44–5
Nernst, Professor Walter, 12
Netherlands, German invasion of, 55, 70
New Zealand forces, 98
Newnham, Squadron Leader Maurice, 99–100
newspapers, 302, 307–10, 311–12; ‘embedded’ journalists, 287–8, 312, 318; foreign press, 317
Norman, Group Captain Sir Nigel, 147, 175, 225, 227–8
North Africa war, 93, 140, 148, 149, 151, 345–7
Northern Ireland conflict, 356
Norway: German radar stations on coast, 131; Lofoten Islands raid (March 1941), 89–90, 312; Oslo Report, 109–12, 113, 114, 118, 124–5; Spitzbergen raid (August 1941), 90; Vaagsö raid (December 1941)
, 144–6
Observer Corps, 68
Offlag VIIB PoW camp, 351
Olivier, Laurence, 318
Olympic Games, Berlin (1936), 42
Orford Ness, 19–22, 23, 34
Osborn, Geoffrey, 176
Oslo Report, 109–12, 113, 114, 118
1st Parachute Brigade, 100–5, 340; 1st Battalion (prev. 11 Special Air Service Battalion), 93–8, 148; 2nd Battalion, 148, 167, 173, 345–52, 356–7 see also C Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion; Market Garden and, 349–52; operation in Sicily, 347–9; Paras nicknamed ‘Red Devils’ by Germans, 347
parachutes: automatic (static line) opening design, 49, 52, 63–4; early history of, 48–9; First World War and, 49; packing of, 52, 168; ripcord design, 49, 52; Soviet development of, 49
para-roll landing, 100
Paschke, Major, 215, 217, 218, 259, 269, 353
Paterson, Lieutenant, 95–6
Paulus, General von, 353
Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, 138, 139, 140
Peate, Henry, 179–80, 315
Peenemünde on Baltic coast, 110, 129
Pegasus, flying horse, 48, 108
Pelzerhaken on Baltic coast, 39
Perth, Scotland, 34, 68–9
Philippines, Japanese invasion of, 139
Philips (Dutch company), 38–9
Philips, Admiral Sir Tom, 139
photographic reconnaissance, aerial, 3–4, 121–3, 124, 131–4, 135, 136, 210; barbed wire as useful for, 327; Central Interpretation Unit formed, 126–7; photo interpretation, 127–31, 132, 213, 214, 216–17, 337
Picchi, Fortunato, 95, 97
Pickard, Percy Charles, 175–6, 205, 229, 238, 249, 305, 316, 340
Pintsch company, 38
Plan Position Indicator (PPI) system, 76–7
Poland, 53, 54
Portal, Sir Charles, 149, 185, 333
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley, 149, 310–11
Preist, Donald, 195–6, 207, 259, 277, 282–3, 285, 286, 331
HMS Prinz Albert, 178–81, 199, 206, 225, 259, 287–8, 305, 311, 313, 314, 315–16
Prinz Eugen (German cruiser), 150
Pritchard, Major Trevor, 94, 95–6
Pye, 32
Pyke, Geoffrey, 143
Quick, D.J., 280, 339
Quilter, Sir Cuthbert, 23
radar: Air-to- Surface Vessel (ASV) radar, 32; Allied Identification Friend or Foe system, 335–6; anti-aircraft (flak), 42, 43, 45; astronomy and, 358; Attlee reveals British programme (June 1941), 119–20, 304; Battle of the Beams, 117–18; Biggin Hill experiments (1936, 1937), 29–30; British research’s move to Dundee/Perth and, 34, 68–9; British-German comparisons, 43, 45–6; Cabinet Room meeting (21 June 1940), 115–17; centimetric blind bombing, 83; construction of Chain Home system (1938–9), 26–8; conversion into usable intelligence, 28–30; counter-countermeasures, 336; detection of U-boats at sea, 83; development of airborne system, 31–2, 33, 68–9, 76, 83; early British development of, 8–9, 10–11, 15–22; Fighter Command’s command and control system, 30–1, 71, 72, 73–4, 119; first shooting down of German bomber at night, 83; first stations at Thames estuary (1935), 22; ‘floodlight’ approach, 38, 43; microwave technology, 77–81, 82–3; as only working over sea, 68; Plan Position Indicator (PPI), 76–7; post-war non-military uses, 357, 358, 359; research and development at Bawdsey Manor, 23–6, 32–4, 43, 73–4, 112; ‘searchlight’ approach, 38, 43; September 1936 trials at Bawdsey, 25; similarity of British and German terminology, 40; A.J.P. Taylor on, 357; as vital factor in Battle of Britain, 75–6; see also Chain Home system; jamming of radar; wavelengths, radar
radar, German: A2-Gerät (A2 Apparatus), 42; Battle of the Beams, 117–18; British acknowledgement of, 304; British-German comparisons, 43, 45–6; company rivalries in Nazi state, 41–2, 43–4, 119; development of, 34, 37–46, 110–11, 114, 117–19, 304; Dr Rudolf Kühnhold’ developmental work, 37–40, 44; Düppel (German version of ‘Window’), 337; early research, 9–10, 37; grid system, 124; Kammhuber Line, 329–30, 332, 333, 334–5; Knickebein system, 114–17; low skill of Luftwaffe personnel, 323–6; night defences, 120–5, 130–7; NVA in Kiel, 37–9; Philips magnetron valve, 38–9; Seeburg Tables, 329; Seetakt (naval radar), 41, 45; similarity of British and German terminology, 40; stations on French coast, 118–19, 121, 122–4, 130–5; stations on Norwegian coast, 131; systems named after cities, 43; Telefunken and, 39, 42–3, 44–5; three forms of system, 45; V-weapons and, 337; Würzlaus system, 335; Y-Gerät radio beams, 110–11, 118; see also Freya early warning system; Würzburg A system
Radiation Laboratory (Rad Lab) in Boston, 81, 336
radio communications, 362; 38 system, 174, 209, 266–7; during Bruneval training, 181, 182; malfunction at Arnhem, 350; malfunction during Bruneval raid, 252, 266–7; Rebecca-Eureka system, 208–9, 276
Radio Research Station, National Physical Laboratory, 14–15, 16, 19
Randall, John, 77–9
Rechlin aviation research establishment, 110
reconnaissance, aerial photographic see photographic reconnaissance, aerial
Regnier, Mademoiselle, 295, 296
Renault, Gilbert (Rémy), 154–9, 165–6, 307
Resistance groups in Europe, 134–5, 153–66, 200, 213, 295, 307
Richardson, Ralph, 319
Ringway airport, Manchester, 57–9, 62–5, 98, 99–100, 102–4, 105
Rock, Major John, 57, 58, 59, 60–1
rocket research, German, 110
Rommel, Erwin, 140, 148, 151
Roosevelt, President F.D., 138
Ross, John, 173, 190, 199, 308, 356; captured in Sicily, 348, 356; commands Nelson raiding party, 202–3, 239, 255–6, 257, 258, 261, 263, 270, 276
Rowe, A.P., 13–14, 19, 32–3, 68, 69, 70, 79, 327; evacuation of Bawdsey Manor, 33–4; freedom of discussion at TRE, 81–2; ‘Sunday Soviets’ and, 82; ‘Window’ jamming system and, 331
Royal Air Force (RAF): agrees to supply planes for airborne forces, 99; Battle of Britain losses, 74; Bruneval mission transport, 2–3, 174–6, 181–2, 183, 205–6, 229–31, 235–7, 249, 308; Bruneval newsreel and, 316; Bruneval planning, 147, 149; Bruneval rehearsals, 4, 183; Bruneval training, 181–2, 183; Cabinet Room meeting (21 June 1940), 115, 116, 117; expansion of (from 1935), 8; lack of aircraft for airborne forces (1940–1), 58–9, 93; medals awarded for Bruneval mission, 340; operation in Sicily and, 347–8; parachute training instructors, 100; resistance to Combined Operations, 88–9, 92–3; Spitfire escort for returning flotilla, 207, 286–7; St Nazaire raid, 343; Wilhelmshaven raid (December 1939), 46–7, 114; see also Bomber Command, RAF; Fighter Command, RAF
Royal Engineers, 171, 172, 173, 190–2
Royal Navy: Bruneval newsreel and, 312, 313; Bruneval planning, 149–50, 176–8, 179–80, 182, 184, 206, 207; Bruneval raid and, 225, 259–61, 266–7, 275, 276–83, 284–8; Bruneval rehearsals, 4, 180–1, 182, 183, 184, 206; Bruneval training, 180–1, 182, 183, 184; intercepted Enigma messages and, 141; jamming of enemy radar, 330; losses in Gulf of Siam (December 1941), 139; losses in Mediterranean, 140; medals awarded for Bruneval, 339; microwave radar technology and, 80, 83; radar technology and, 32; resistance to Combined Operations, 88–9; St Nazaire raid (28 March 1942), 342–4
Royal Oak, sinking of at Scapa Flow (1939), 177
Runge, Professor Wilhelm T., 39, 43, 44–5
Scharnhorst (German battle cruiser), 150, 157, 301, 330
Schmidt, Corporal Georg, 234, 256, 257, 259, 269, 285, 354
Schonland, Brigadier Basil, 192
School for Secrets (Peter Ustinov film, 1946), 318–20
Scott, Private Alan, 284, 292, 293
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), 36, 46, 155; R.V. Jones and, 109, 110, 113–14
Seetakt (German naval radar), 41, 45
Sharp, Sergeant, 256, 257, 258
Sicily, invasion of, 347–9
silver wings insignia, 64, 102, 105, 148, 169, 178
Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 115
Singapore,
fall of (February 1942), 151, 301
Soviet Union: German invasion of (June 1941), 139, 352; inter-war development of airborne forces, 49–51; losses in 1941 campaign, 139–40; parachute development and, 49; siege of Leningrad, 139–40; Stalin’s calls for second front, 332; war on Eastern Front, 352–5
Special Operations Executive, 84–5, 142–3, 174
Special Service Brigade (commandos), 89; see also Commando Units, British
Speer, Albert, 335
Spitfire aircraft, 71–2, 74, 286–7; photographic reconnaissance and, 121–3, 132–4
Spitzbergen raid (August 1941), 90
‘Spoof’ jamming system, 333–4
SS Panzer corps, 350, 351
St Nazaire raid (28 March 1942), 342–4
St Trond base (Belgium), 135
Stalag VIIIB PoW camp, 296
Stalag XIII PoW camp, 351
Sten gun, 3, 174, 200
Stever, Lieutenant General Johann Joachim, 215, 289–90, 293, 354–5
Stewart, Corporal, 232, 271
Strachan, Gerry Alexander, 173, 190, 224, 227; awarded Croix de Guerre, 340; Bruneval mission, 2, 3, 242, 252, 262, 273–4; captured at Arnhem, 351; post-war life, 355; ‘Private Newman’ and, 196, 199; return to 2 Para in North Africa, 349; severely wounded at Bruneval, 262, 273–4, 284, 285, 315–16, 340, 349
Strange, Squadron Leader Louis, 58, 59, 60–1, 65–6
Student, General Kurt, 53, 98–9
Sudetenland, 54
Suez Crisis (1956), 356
Supermarine company, 71–2
Sutherland, Private Donald, 265, 290
Syrencote House near Netheravon, 107, 181–2, 195
Tamera action (March 1943), 347
Target for Tonight (Crown Film Unit, 1941), 175–6, 305
Tasker, Sergeant, 256, 257, 258
Tatton Park estate, Cheshire, 58, 94, 103, 168–9
Taylor, A.J.P., 357
Teichman, Philip, 148, 167, 346
Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) at Worth Matravers, 69–70, 76, 77, 117–18, 136–7, 195–6, 259; freedom of discussion at, 81–2; Freya early warning system and, 123; microwave radar and, 79–80, 82–3; move to Malvern College, 328–9; ‘Sunday Soviets’ at, 82; vulnerability of Worth Matravers site, 70, 327–8; work on jamming enemy radar, 330, 331, 338; Würzburg system and, 124, 322–3, 330, 338
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