102. Ibid., d.13, l.13.
103. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., pp. 416.
104. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.86, l.92.
105. Ibid., l.105.
106. Ibid., op. 1, d.260, l.17.
107. Ibid., d.262, l.115.
108. Ibid., d.229, l.31.
109. Ibid., l.83.
110. TsGASA, f.8, op. 1, d.310, l.24.
111. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.260, l.24.
112. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., pp. 418-19.
113. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.229, l.84; f.1, op. 1, d.123, l.265.
114. Ibid., d.142, l.98.
115. Ibid., op. 2, d.41, l.223.
116. Ibid., l.225.
117. Ibid., d.126, l.28.
118. Ibid., op. 1, d.266, l.218.
119. Ibid., d.229, l.216.
120. Ibid., op. 2, d.41, l.183.
121. Ibid., l.170.
122. Ibid., l.183.
123. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 420.
124. Semenov, G., Voennaya i boevaya rabota partii sotsialistov-revolyutsionerov za 1917-1918 gg., Berlin, 1922, pp. 18-33.
125. Lenin, PSS vol.44, p. 159.
126. TsGAOR, f.130, op. 1, d.19, ll.126-35.
127. Trotskii, Sochineiya, vol.17, pt.2, pp. 218-19.
128. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.41, l.146.
129. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 411.
130. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.216, l.174.
131. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.7, l.14.
132. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.41, l.5.
133. Ibid., l.86.
134. Lenin, PSS vol.37, p. 174.
135. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.403, l.87a.
136. Olikov, S., Dezertirstvo v Krasnoi Armii i bor’ba s nim, Moscow, 1926, pp. 27-8.
137. Ibid., pp. 124, 125, 126.
138. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.40, l.27.
139. Denikin, Ocherki russkoi smuty, vol.3, p. 145.
140. Ibid., vol.4, p. 91.
141. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.41, l.62.
142. Ibid., l.63.
143. Ibid., d.86, l.96.
144. Ibid., d.3, l.76.
145. Ibid., op. 1, d.392, l.108.
146. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.5.
147. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.420, l.350.
148. Ibid., d.87, l.459.
149. Ibid., d.146, l.72.
150. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.40, l.37.
151. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.40, l.308.
152. Ibid., l.418.
153. Arkhiv russkoi revolyutsii, vol.7, Berlin, p. 246.
154. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.141, l.179.
155. Ibid., d.195, l.132.
156. Ibid., d.32, l.253.
157. Ibid., op. 3, d.717, ll.202-7.
158. Ibid., op. 2, d.32, ll.346-53.
159. Ibid.
160. Ibid., l.166.
161. Ibid., l.307.
162. Lenin, PSS vol.38, p. 350.
163. Lenin, PSS vol.37, p. 535.
164. Gorkii, M., Nesovremennye mysli, Moscow, St Petersburg, 1990, p. 84.
165. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.32, ll.74-74ob.
166. Ibid., d.3, l.54.
167. Ibid., op. 1, d.2, l.131.
168. Lenin, PSS vol.38, p. 317.
169. Anishev, A., Ocherki istorii grazhdanskoi voiny, Leningrad, 1925, p. 229.
170. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.11, ll.1-2.
171. Ibid., 1.ob.
172. TsGASA, f.33 988, op. 2, d.88, l.96.
173. Izvestiya, VTsIK, 25 February 1919.
174. Izvestiya, TsK KPSS No.9, 1989, p. 181.
175. VIII s’ezd RKP(b). Mart 1919. Protokoly, Moscow, 1959, p. 147.
176. Partarkhiv Instituta istorii partii Leningrada (filial TsPA IML), f.1, op. 1, d.336, ll.1-36.
177. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.86, l.155.
178. Ibid., d.96, l.10.
179. Ibid., d.40, l.29.
180. TsPA IML, f.41, op. 2, d.1, l.15.
181. Ibid., d.3, l.29.
182. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.448, l.27.
183. Leninskii sbornik, vol.37, Moscow, 1970, pp. 138, 139.
184. Izvestiya, TsK KPSS. No. 11, 1989, p. 174.
185. Tukhachevskii, M.N., Izbrannye proizvedeniya, Moscow, 1964, vol.2, p. 226.
186. Iz istorii grazhdanskoi voiny v SSSR, vol.2, p. 205.
187. Kamenev, S.S., Zapiski o grazhdanskoi voine i voennom stroitel’stve, Moscow, 1963, p. 63.
188. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.32, l.18.
189. Grazhdanzkaya voina 1918-1921, Moscow-Leningrad, 1930, vol.3, p. 10.
Chapter 4
1. Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis’ma, op. cit., p. 162.
2. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d. 122, l.3.
3. Ibid., d.368, l.17.
4. Marx K. and Engels, F., Sochineniya, 2nd edn, vol.7, p. 261.
5. Trotskii, L., Itogi i perspektivy, Moscow, 1919, pp. 4-5.
6. Parvus’s commercial and revolutionary interests are definitively described by Michael Futrell in Northern Underground, London, 1963, and the issue of financial aid to the Bolsheviks by the present author in Lenin: Life and Legacy, London and New York, 1994.
7. Ludendorff, E. (trans. Kriegserinnerungen,), Moi vospominaniya o voine 1914-1918, Moscow, 1924, p. 89.
8. Spiridovich, A.I., Istoriya bolshevizma v Rossii, Paris, 1922, pp. 355-6.
9. Lenin, PSS vol.11, p. 222.
10. Trotskii, L., 1905, Moscow, 1922, pp. 4-5.
11. Ibid., p. 285.
12. Trotskii, L., Permanentnaya revolyutsiya, Berlin, 1930, p. 12.
13. Ibid., p. 167.
14. Ibid.
15. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.139, l.1.
16. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.51, l.147.
17. Struev, I., Teoriya permanentnoi revolyutsii tov. Trotskogo, Rostov on Don, 1925.
18. Ibid., p. 2.
19. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.18, p. 72.
20. Ibid., p. 92.
21. Ibid., pp. 83-7.
22. Lenin, PSS vol.44, p. 36.
23. Trotskii, L., Istoriya russkoi revolyutsii, vol.1, p. 22.
24. Ibid., p. 506.
25. Ibid., p. 32.
26. Trotskii, Permanentnaya revolyutsiya, op. cit., p. 125.
27. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.145, l.245.
28. Ibid., d.498, ll.787-8.
29. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.78, l.2.
30. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.292, ll.1-5.
31. Trotskii, L., Novyi kurs, Moscow, 1924, pp. 40-6.
32. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.147, ll.90-1.
33. Ibid., ll.51-2.
34. Ibid., l.52.
35. Ibid., l.188.
36. Ibid., d.89, l.22.
37. Ibid., op. 3, d.13, ll.23-39.
38. Ibid., d.101, ll.517-26.
39. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol. 12, P. 342.
40. Ibid., pp. 369-70.
41. Ibid., p. 371.
42. Ibid., pp. 371-2.
43. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.266, l.71.
44. Ibid., d.409, l.724.
45. Ibid., op. 3, d.40, l.10.
46. Ibid., l.47.
47. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol. 12, p. 395.
48. Ibid., p. 402.
49. Ibid., p. 177.
50. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.97, l-5.
51. Potresov, A.N., V plenu u illyuzii, Paris, 1927, pp. 12-17.
52. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol. 12, pp. 25-6.
53. TsGASA, f.1, op. 1, d.142, l.20.
54. Savinkov, B., Nakanune novoi revolyutsii, p. 48.
55. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.80, l.78.
56. Ibid., op. 2, d.141, l.287.
57. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.12, pp. 38-9.
58. Potresov, V plenu u illyuzii, op. cit., p. 50.
59. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.12, p. 47.
60. Ibid., pp. 50, 55, 59-60.
61. Ibid., p. 105.
62. Ibid., p. 110.
63. Arkhiv INO OGPU, d.343, t.III, l.135.
64. Ibi
d., ll.14-24.
65. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 14, d.7, l.59.
66. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.12, pp. 128, 129.
67. Ibid., p. 131.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid., p. 136.
70. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.229, l.647.
71. Ibid., op. 2, d.97, l.1.
72. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.12, pp. 142-3.
73. Potresov, V plenu u illyuzii, op. cit., p. 45.
74. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS Russ.13 (T.773).
75. Trotskii, L., Chto takoe SSSR i kuda on idet?, Paris, 1936, pp. 142-3, 145.
76. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.20, p. 327.
77. Ibid., pp. 330, 332.
78. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.428, l.91.
79. Ibid., ll.19-25.
80. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.21, p. 4.
81. Ibid., pp. 4-5.
82. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS Russ.13 (T.801.1S).
83. Pravda, 12 July 1923.
84. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.21, p. 55.
85. Ibid., p. 57.
86. Ibid., p. 27.
87. Pravda, 14 July, 1923.
88. Berdyaev, Samopoznanie, op. cit., p. 263.
89. Izvestiya, VTsIK, 30 August 1922.
90. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.99, l.36.
91. Novaya Zhizn—, 26 April, 1918.
92. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.21, p. 153.
93. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 1, d.22 947, ll.1-6.
94. Ibid., l.1.
95. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 3, d.283, ll.6-7.
96. Ibid., d.293, l.12.
97. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 1, d.22 947, l.6.
98. Ibid., d.27 072.
99. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS Russ.13 (T.440.1S).
100. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.141, l.10.
101. Trotskii, Sochineniya, vol.21, p. 162.
102. Ibid., p. 159.
103. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.498, l.639.
104. Ibid., l.560.
105. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.13, l.225.
106. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.450, l.188.
107. Ibid., l.196.
108. Ibid., op. 3, d.60, ll.66-66a.
109. Ibid., op. 1, d.498, l.622.
110. TsGAOR, f.9430, op. 1, d.19, l.1.
111. Ibid., l.2.
112. Trotskii, Chto takoe SSSR i kuda on idet?, op. cit., p. 146.
113. TsGASA, f.4, op. 14, d.13, l.254.
114. Lenin, PSS vol.41, p. 383.
115. RTsKhIDNI, f.2, op. 1, d.6615, l.1.
116. Trotsky—s Diary in Exile, op. cit., pp. 53-4.
117. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 3, d.46, ll.142-3.
118. Berdyaev, N., Istoki i smysl russkogo kommunizma, Paris, 1955, p. 101.
119. TsGASA, f.f, op. 14, d.32, l.278.
120. Trotskii, Chto takoe SSSR i kuda on idet?, op. cit., p. 74.
Chapter 5
1. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.773.4S).
2. Arkhiv Trotskogo: Kommunisticheskaya oppozitsiya v SSSR, Moscow, 1990, vol.3, p. 87.
3. Lenin, PSS vol.45, p. 346.
4. Ibid., p. 345.
5. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.1, p. 56.
6. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 491.
7. Ibid., p. 498.
8. Ibid., p. 500.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.685, ll.53-68.
12. Ibid., ll.58-62.
13. Ibid., l.61.
14. Ibid., l.62.
15. Ibid., l.63.
16. Ibid., d.103, ll.2-3.
17. Ibid., d.685, l.65.
18. Ibid., l.68.
19. Ibid., op. 3, d.388, l.3.
20. Ibid., op. 2, d.685, ll.96-7.
21. Ibid., ll.94-5.
22. TsPA IML, f.51, op. 1, d.21, ll.540b-570b.
23. Ibid., l.570b.
24. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.104, ll.31-8.
25. Ibid., ll.3-4.
26. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, No.2, 1990, p. 202.
27. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 504.
28. Pravda, 23 December 1923.
29. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.685, l.53.
30. Ibid., l.66.
31. Trotskii, Novyi kurs, op. cit.
32. Pravda, 11 December 1923.
33. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, l.685, ll.58-9.
34. Pravda, 28 December 1923.
35. Pravda, 29 December 1923.
36. Pravda, 11 December 1923.
37. Trotskii, Novyi kurs, op.cit., pp. 40-9.
38. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.115, ll.1-2.
39. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.478, l.109.
40. Ibid., p. 68.
41. Ibid., p. 25.
42. Trotskii, L., Uroki Oktyabrya, Moscow, 1924, p. 54.
43. Bol—shevik, Nos.12-13, 1924, p. 108.
44. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 515.
45. TsPA IML, f.35, op. 1, d.318, ll. 2, 3, 6.
46. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.167, l.188.
47. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (7710-40), folder 2/5.
48. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.100, l.264.
49. Ibid., op. 1, d.572, l.27.
50. TsGASA, f.4, op. 1, d.243, l.95.
51. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.19, ll.16-17.
52. Ibid., d.40, l.30.
53. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 477.
54. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol.4, p. 152.
55. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 2, d.19, l.2.
56. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol.4, p. 120.
57. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.498, l.8.
58. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., pp. 479-81.
59. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.306, l.188.
60. Ibid., op. 3, d.80, l.587.
61. TsPA IML, f.2, op. 1, d, 27 088, l.1.
62. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13.1 (8967-86) folder 1/2, pp. 1-2.
63. Ibid.
64. Volkogonov, Lenin: Life and Legacy, op. cit., pp. 425-7.
65. TsPA IML, f.51, op. 1, d.21, l.290.
66. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 521.
67. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.1, p. 154.
68. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.355, ll.14-15.
69. XIV s—ezd Vsesoyuznoi kommunisticheskoi partii (bol—shevikov). Stenograficheskii otchet, Moscow-Leningrad, 1926, pp. 274-5.
70. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, No.7, 1991, pp. 123, 135.
71. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T. 136), p. 3.
72. Gavrilov, N.N., Moya rabota v oppozitsionnoi gruppe. In Pamyat—, Paris, 1980, vyp. 3, pp. 385-7.
73. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 521.
74. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.361, ll.1-5.
75. TsGASA, f.33 987, op. 1, d.498, l.100.
76. Ibid., l.80.
77. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.685, ll.53-68; f.17, op. 3, d.388, ll.1-4.
78. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.736.1S).
79. Deutscher, I., The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky, 1921-29, Oxford, 1959, p. 263.
80. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, No.7, 1989, p. 80.
81. Zinoviev, G., Leninizm, Moscow, 1925, p. 76.
82. VII Vserossiiskaya konferentsiya RSDRP, Protokoly, Moscow, 1958, p. 624.
83. Kamenev, L., Lenin, Marks, Oktyabr—, Perspektivy/Prozhektor, No.3, 1925, p. 5.
84. XIV s—ezd Vsesoyuznoi kommunisticheskoi partii (bol—shevikov), Stenograficheskii otchet, Moscow-Leningrad, 1926, p. 274.
85. Deutscher, The Prophet Unarmed, op. cit., p. 382, citing Houghton Library, Trotsky coll.
86. TsPA IML, f.326, op. 1, d.113, l.72.
87. Ibid., l.75.
88. Ibid., ll.73-4.
89. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.868), p. 2.
90. TsPA IML, f.326, op. 1, d.23, l.1.
91. Ibid., d.29, l.1.
92. Ibid., d.33, l.2.
93. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.1, pp. 187-8.
94. In Pamyat—, pp. 389-91.
95. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.308, l.2509.
96. Serge, V., La Vie et le Mort de Leon Trotsky, Paris, 1954, pp. 180-1.
97. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.3, pp. 43, 46.
98. Ibid., pp. 57, 58, 59.
99. Ibid., p. 126.
100. TsPA IML, f.325, op. 1, d.357, ll.37-41.
101. Ibid., d.359, ll.3-7.
102. Ibid., ll.196-7.
103. TsPA IML, f.17, op. 2, d.317, vyp. 1, ch. 1, ll.75-6.
104. Ibid., l.75.
105. TsPA IML, f.505, op. 1, d.65, ll.1-35.
106. Sotsialisticheskii vestnik, No. 15 (157), Berlin, 1 August 1927, p. 14.
107. Arkhiv INO OGPU, d.672, t.1, l.196.
108. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.3, pp. 41-2.
109. Ibid., vol.4, pp. 219, 221-2, 223, 224.
110. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol 10, pp. 172-3.
111. Ibid., pp. 191, 204-5.
112. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.4, p. 243.
113. Ibid., pp. 230-1.
114. Ibid., pp. 250-2.
115. Ibid., p. 255.
116. Ibid., p. 264.
117. Ibid., p. 269.
118. TsGAOR, f.5446, op. 2, d.33, l.19
119. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.119.1S).
120. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.946), pp. 2-6.
121. I. Deutscher, Interval, London, 1963, p. 618.
122. Arkhiv Trotskogo, vol.4, p. 275.
123. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol.10, p. 351.
124. Ibid., pp. 354-7.
125. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., pp. 539-41.
126. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, No.5, 1991, p. 201.
127. APRF, f.45, op. 1, d.19, 20.
128. Personal interview with the author.
129. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.2, l.216.
130. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 556.
131. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.2918), pp. 1-4.
132. Deutscher, Interval, op. cit., p. 618.
133. Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis—ma, op. cit., p. 73.
134. Yaroslavsky, Y.M., Za poslednei chertoi. Trotskistkaya oppozitsiya posle XV s—ezda, Moscow-Leningrad, 1930, p. 64.
135. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, No. 740, 2363.
136. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.2912.1S).
137. Arkhiv INO OGPU, f.17 548, d.0292, t.1, l.21.
138. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, No. 740, 2363.
139. Interview with the author in 1988.
140. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol.12, p. 79.
141. Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 558.
142. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.2948), p. 2; Trotsky, My Life, op. cit., p. 562.
143. Houghton Library, Trotsky coll., bMS.Russ.13 (T.2949.1S).
144. From the personal archives of Lieutenant-General of Justice B.A. Viktorov, who was involved in the rehabilitations of 1956, including that of Fokin.
145. International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, No. 740, 2374.
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