by Hew Strachan
Queen Elizabeth, H.M.S. 386, 388, 774
Quelimane 639
Qurna 779
Qum 787–8
Rabat 769
Rabaul 465
‘race to the sea’ 270
racism 443, 458, 481–2, 496, 627–8, 631, 795
radios see wireless
Radom 367, 1093
Rahmin, Sayyid Abd al- 749
Rai, Lajpat 799
railways 167–9, 180, 184, 194, 206–7, 239–40, 243, 265–6, 292–8, 306–8, 312, 323, 326, 340, 343, 357, 361, 367, 734, 748–9, 999, 1044–5, 1092–3, 1111
in Africa 498, 523, 530, 548, 555, 557, 560–1, 563–5, 568, 574, 583, 595–6, 599, 610, 615
in Caucasus 716
Raleigh, Walter 1127
Raman’s Drift 550, 553
Ramscapelle 276
Rangoon 797
Ras el Ain 691
Rastenburg 318, 327
Rathenau, Walther 46, 333, 1014–17, 1021, 1024–5, 1040, 1112, 1134
Rauf Bey, Hassan 780, 782
Rava 366
Rava Ruska 355
Ravka river 371
Rawlinson, Henry 273, 1006
Raysuni, Ahmad al- 768
Read, Herbert 147
Reading, Lord 967, 978
Reata 606
Rediger, A. F. 299–301
Redl, Alfred 292, 294, 308, 343
Redlich, Josef 78, 1041
Red Sea 448, 739, 746
refugees 107
Regone 639
Rehoboth 564
Reichsbank 819, 834–8, 894, 908, 910–11, 914–15, 942–6
Reims 248, 257–8, 261, 264–6, 1117–19
Reininghaus, Gina von 78, 102
Reith, John 147
religion 135–6, 1115–16
Remington 1107
Renauld, J. 834
Renault 1052–6
Renkin, Jules 585
Rennenkampf, Paul 316–21, 323–35, 369–71
Renner, Kurt 133
Renouvin, Pierre 2
Renown, H.M.S. 478
Repington, Charles à Court 239, 1001, 1077
Repulse, H.M.S. 478
Reuss, Prince Heinrich XXXI 783, 787
Reval 405
Revue du Maghreb 710
Reza Pahlavi, Shah 813
Rheinmetall 897, 1030–1
Rhodesia 496, 498–9, 501, 545, 559, 585–6, 597, 599–600, 604, 608, 616, 620, 630, 636, 640–1
Rhodesia Regiment 614
Rheine 1050
Riabushinski, P. 1097
Ribot, Alexandre 130, 816, 829–30, 849, 851, 855–7, 880–1, 924–7, 955, 960, 963–5, 968–71, 980, 1106
Richmond, Herbert 403
Richthofen, Lt. Gen. von 254
Ridout, Dudley 800
Riesser, Jakob 892
Riet 560, 562–3
Rietfontein 563
Riezler, Kurt 34, 100, 1010, 1021, 1133–4
Rif 768
Riga 158, 406, 1093
Rilke 140
Rittelmeyer, Friedrich 1136
Ritter, Major 560, 567
Rize 717, 723
Roberts, Frederick, Lord 106, 375–6
Robertson, W. C. F. 506–7
Robertson, William 248–9, 632, 1111
Roçadas, Alves 559
Rodzianko, M. V. 1096, 1099
Roedern, Siegfried von 894–6
Röhm, Ernst 230
Rohrbach, Paul 695
Roloff, Max 708
Romania 42, 52, 56–7, 77, 265, 287, 290, 292, 296, 347, 352, 358, 404, 652, 671, 677, 692, 698, 701, 1046
Romanians 37–8, 156–7
Rominten forest 322
Ronarc’h, Pierre 275
Room 40 422–3, 428, 430, 432, 434
Roosevelt, Theodore 458
Rosa, Tomas de Sousa 636, 639
Rosenberg, A. J. 1119
Rosyth 397, 415, 419, 427, 429, 431–2, 436
Rothliess 318
Rothschilds 962
Rotterdam 401
Rouen 155, 205, 1117
Roulers 273, 276
Rowno 286–7
Royal Arsenal 1066
Royal Gun Factory 1067, 1069
Royal Horse Guards 278
Royal Marines 401
Royal Ordnance Factories 1066
Royal Welch Fusiliers 1013
Roye 267–9
Ruaha river 622, 629, 640
Ruanda 499, 585–6, 597, 608, 615–17, 630
Rubens 589–91
Rubusana, Walter 544
Rufiji river 479, 504, 580, 588–9, 591, 594, 596, 615, 626–9, 632, 634–5
Ruhuje river 622
Runciman, Walter 873, 1075
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria 207, 235–6, 244, 262, 267–9
Rushdi, Hussein 731–2
Russia 8–9
armies: 1st 309, 316, 318–20, 322, 331, 333, 360, 364, 371
2nd 309, 315–19, 323–4, 326–7, 331–2, 354, 364–5, 369–71
3rd 309, 352–5, 357, 364, 372–3
4th 309, 352–4, 364, 369
5th 309, 352–4, 356, 364–5, 369–71
6th 309
7th 309
8th 315, 349, 352, 354–5, 357, 364, 372
9th 316, 318, 351–2, 354, 364, 994
10th 316, 332–3, 360, 364
11th 364
army 43, 53, 62–3, 83, 297–303, 334–5, 722
artillery 298–9, 304, 321–2, 994, 997, 1001, 1103, 1110–11
budget 297–300
cavalry 320–1, 327, 331, 335, 348
command 313–15, 335, 365, 370, 719
discipline 299
divisions 5th Siberian 371, 6th Siberian 371
general staff 300–3
manpower 283, 297–9, 351, 368, 1102–3
North-West Front 314–18, 324, 331–2, 335, 350, 361, 363–5, 368–9, 371–2, 405, 999, 1002
South-West Front 314–16, 345, 350–2, 357–9, 361, 363–5, 368–9, 371–2, 999, 1002, 1102
Stavka 313–15, 317–19, 326–7, 335, 351–2, 354, 361, 363–5, 367–9, 679, 715, 786, 1002–3, 1096, 1098, 1102, 1104
artillery production 1100–1, 1103–4, 1110
Austria-Hungary, relations with 20, 43–6, 49, 308
banks 845–6, 906–8, 919–20
see also state bank
bond prices 821
borrowing 816–17, 827–9, 855, 919–21
overseas 956–7, 959–60, 967, 971–2, 975, 977
Britain, relations with 14, 19, 60–2, 82, 404–5, 649, 655, 776, 778, 789, 956–7, 959–60, 971–2, 975, 1065, 1092, 1104–5, 1110
budgets 854–5, 859
Bulgaria, relations with 49, 55
chemical industry 1093, 1102
church in 1117
coal production 1092–5
constitution 59, 300
corps I 328–31
I Caucasian 715, 719, 725, 727, II 328, 333
II Caucasian 715
II Turkestan 722, 725–7
III 322
III Caucasian 365, 715
IV322
VI 328–31, 371
VII 354
XIII 328–31
XV 328–31
Council for State Defence 300–1, 313, 403–4
currency and circulation 844–5, 886, 920–1
Duma 300–1, 313, 404, 855, 885, 1096–1100, 1112
exchange rate 885, 958–9
financial crisis, July 1914 821
France, relations with 14, 19, 29–30, 50, 60, 63, 82, 84–5, 191, 299, 305–9, 315–16, 318, 334, 364, 956–7, 960, 1098
Germany, relations with 20, 49, 58–9, 84, 308, 404, 1091
gold production 825, 844–5
gold to Britain 827–9, 959
industrialization 58–9, 714
industry 1089–94, 1096–7, 1099, 1101, 1104, 1111–12
interest rates 845, 920
Italy and 960
Japan, relations with 50, 3
08, 403–4, 444, 489, 491–3, 987, 1107–8
Jews in 697, 1116
Kadets 59
liberalism 59, 301
main artillery administration (GAU) 997–8, 1001, 1095, 1098, 1101–4
manpower for industry 1090, 1094, 1101
metal industries 1090–1, 1093–5, 1101
monarchy 58–9, 1097, 1112
moratorium 845
munitions imports 1104–5, 1107, 1109–11
munitions production 1065, 1090–1, 1093, 1095–7, 1101
munitions supply 994, 997–8, 1002–3, 1090, 1096, 1102
Muslims in 658, 661, 702–3, 714, 719
munitions production 371
munitions supply 493
nationalism 143, 158–9, 714
navy 32, 62, 83, 298, 300, 376, 386, 393, 403–5, 418, 443, 470, 479, 1090–1, 1099, 1101
Baltic Fleet 404–5, 1091
bases 404–5
Black Sea Fleet 404–5, 649, 668, 678–9, 717, 1091
general staff 403–4
Octobrists 300
Persia, relations with 713–15, 773, 775–6, 778, 786–8
press 144
Provisional Government 886, 919–20, 959
railways 884–5, 1092–4, 1097, 1102, 1110–11
revolution, fear of 73–4, 81–3, 86, 299
revolution of 1905 19, 299, 305–6, 714
revolution of February 1917 883, 886, 913, 920
Russification 714, 1117
Serbia, relations with 49, 51, 57, 66, 73, 79–81, 84, 101, 342, 345
shell production 1096, 1098, 1100–2
small arms production 1091, 1095, 1102–3, 1110
socialists 115–17
state bank 829, 844–6, 906–8, 920–1
tariffs 58–9
taxation 883–6, 905
excess profits 885–6
income 884–6
indirect 883–4
inheritance 884
trade 714, 956–60, 1091–3, 1104, 1110–11
treasury bills 845, 920–1
Turkey, relations with 60, 404, 661, 668, 672–3, 679–80, 714
United States and 956–7, 960, 967, 975, 977, 1105
urbanization 1094
war enthusiasm 150, 157–9, 162
war loans 919–20
war ministry 300–1, 1096, 1098, 1101, 1104
war plans 84–5, 303–16, 351–2, 715
plan 19 306–9
plan 19 revised 309–16
Russian purchasing committee 959
Russissi river 585, 597–8, 616–17
Russo-Japanese War 14–15, 19, 162, 195, 200, 288, 298–9, 304–6, 313, 317, 356, 386–8, 390, 403, 455, 463, 484, 646, 844, 997, 1000, 1007–9
Rustchuk 692
Ruszkii, Nicholas 335, 353–5, 364–5, 368–71, 1102
Ruthenes 37, 40
Ruvu, river 606–7
Ruvuma river 596, 623–5, 630–1, 634–5, 637–8, 640
Ryckel, Louis de 209
Said Halim, Mehmed 657, 667, 669–71, 675, 678, 682, 730
Sabac 338, 344
St Chamond 1053, 1055, 1058–9
St Dié 195
St Eloi 277
St Etienne 1060
St Gobain 1057
St Gond, marshes of 252
St Mihiel 267–8
St Omer 273–4
St Petersburg, see Petrograd
St Pol 268
St Quentin 223, 245, 249, 265–7
Saisi 597, 599
Salaita hill 599, 605
Salandra, Antonio 923, 960
Salar ad-Daula 774
Salisbury 496
Saltana, Nizam as 788
Salzburg 1045
Samara 691
Samba, Martin-Paul 520
Sambre 194, 216–20, 227, 250
Samoa 407, 448, 458, 464–5, 471–2, 482–3
Samsonov, Alexander 317–23, 325–32, 334–5, 353
Samsun 717
San 286, 291, 347, 350, 356–7, 361, 364–7, 372
Sanaga river 524, 527, 535–6, 541
Sanamer 722
Sandfontein 550, 555
Sandomir 361, 364
San Giuliano 75
Sanga river 509, 518, 524–6, 539
Sanok 372
Santa Claus 108
Sarajevo 64–5, 337, 340, 345
Sarikamish 716, 719, 723–9, 736, 776
Sarrail, Maurice 226, 255, 267
Sarrebourg 212–13, 231, 244
Sarych, Cape 717
Sato Tetsutaro 458
Satsuma clan 457
Savarkar, V. D. 794, 802
Save river 335, 338, 340–1, 343–6
Saxe-Coburg 108
Saxony 1024, 1029
Sazonov, S. D. 49–51, 60–1, 81–6, 93, 100–1, 491, 668, 679–80, 775–6, 786
Scarborough raid 428–30
Scapa Flow 397, 414, 419, 423, 429, 432
Scarpe 268
Schabinger, Karl 712
Schäfer, Dietrich 1122
Scharnhorst, S.M.S. 449, 466–7, 471, 473, 477–8, 480
Scheer, Reinhard 438
Scheffer-Boyadel, Reinhard 370–1
Scheidemann, S. M. 369
Scheldt 204, 221, 272
Scheler, Max 139, 141, 1121, 1128–30, 1135–6, 1138
Schemua, Blasius 290, 1007
Scheüch, Heinrich 1014–16, 1021, 1024
Schiedemann, Philipp 120
Schiele, Egon 136
Schleswig-Holstein 402
Schlichting, Sigismund von 178, 236
Schlieffen, Alfred von 15–16, 54–5, 98, 148, 163–84, 194, 232–7, 239–44, 262–4, 280, 287–9, 296, 323, 325, 333, 405, 724, 1008–10, 1016
Schmidt, Prof. 707
Schnee, Heinrich 574–7, 583, 592–3, 596, 598, 608, 611, 617, 623–5, 634, 639, 642
Schneider-Creusot 666, 683, 928, 961, 1052–3, 1055, 1057–9, 1065, 1091, 1101, 1103
Scholtz, Friedrich von 324, 328–30
Schöpflin, Aladar 137
Schröders 825
Schubert, Richard von 360
Schultz-Gaevernitz, Gerhart von 1132
Schwabe, Major 746
Schwarz, Paul 718
science and war 1025–7, 1097, 1100, 1102, 1112
Scotland 160–1
Scott, Percy 388–90
Sebea river 617
Second International 111–15, 119–20, 122, 124–7, 129–31, 133, 147, 543, 794, 814, 1011
Sedan 185, 195
Sedan day 143, 149, 154
Seeckt, Hans von 771
Seeburg 327
Seely, J. E. B. 203
Seiler, German agent 781, 788
Seine 172, 248–9, 251–4, 290
Seitz, Theodor 554–6, 558, 566–8
Seiyukai party 457
Selborne, Lord 383
Selim 727
Selliers de Moranville, Antonin 209
Selous, F. C. 504
Sembat, Marcel 130
Semendria 338
Semlin 346
Sensburg 327–8
Senussi 744–8, 750–3, 760–3
Serapeum 739
Serbia:
armies: 1st 344–5
2nd 344–5
3rd 344–5
army 66–7, 79, 340–3
artillery 342, 346, 1000, 1050
command 342–3
manpower 341–2
rifles 1046
Austria-Hungary, relations with 36, 42–6, 64, 67–8, 76–7, 79–80, 288–94
Balkan War, 1st, and 50–2
Balkan War, 2nd, and 56–8
blockade of 649
borrowing overseas 956
Britain, relations with 94, 132
Bulgaria, relations with 49–50, 341–2
constitution 66
economy 816
expansion of 55, 57, 66–7, 71, 79–80, 342
France, relations with 342, 956, 1050
Germany, relations with 1020
, 1028, 1046
Greece, relations with 79
independence of 42, 652
press 66–7, 144, 158
revolutionary movements in 46, 65–6, 76
Russia, relations with 49, 51, 79–81, 84, 342, 345
socialism 115
Turkey, blockade of 692–3
war plans 343
Serbian campaign 335–47, 354–5, 1004, 1049, 1109
Austrian plans 291–6, 336–41
Séréde Rivières, Raymond 181, 189, 243
Serengeti 599
Sergei Mikhailovich, Grand Duke 301, 1096, 1101–4
Sevastopol 678, 717
Sevket, Mahmud 654–5, 657, 664, 681–6, 693
sex 108–9
Seydlitz, S.M.S. 432–3, 435
Shanghai 466, 799, 802
Shantung 447, 462–4, 483–6, 492
Sharif, Ahmad al- 744–5, 748, 750–3
Shatt-el-Arab 674–5, 779
Sheerness 427
shell, common 1000
high explosive 1000–1, 1003, 1027, 1048, 1054, 1056–7, 1082–6, 1088, 1098
shrapnel 999–1001, 1048, 1056, 1082–3, 1085–6, 1088, 1098
shell production 1011, 1027–9, 1033, 145–6, 1083–8, 1100, 1106
shell shortage 240, 278–9, 342, 371, 994–1005, 1011, 1035, 1049, 1059, 1067–8, 1102, 1112
at sea 436, 476, 478
Shells and Fuses Agreement 1072, 1080
Sheppard, S. A. 607, 612
Shinyanga 618
shipping 632, 642
Shiraz 780–1, 788
Shitawi, Ramadan al- 752
‘short war illusion’ 53, 74, 98–9, 162, 173, 199, 204, 261, 303, 410, 437, 452, 670, 691, 700, 816, 850, 868, 892, 905, 960, 998, 1005–14, 1016–18, 1136
Shuja ud-Daula 775
Shuster, Morgan 773
Siam, see Thailand
Siberia 312, 1095
Sicily 646–7
Sickert, Walter 136, 1126
Sidi Barrani 748
Siedlitz 291, 347–8, 355–6, 358–9
Sierra Leone 527
signals, see communications
Sikonge 619
Sileh 734
Silesia 309, 315, 324, 350–3, 358, 360, 367–8, 372, 1029
Simmel, Georg 141
Simonstown 384
Sinai desert 734–8
Sindhi, Obeidullah 806–9
Singa 509, 518, 524
Singapore 384, 445, 470, 528, 797–8, 800, 803
Singh, Kirpal 796
Sissonne 258
Sivas 717
Siwa 748
Skaggerak 407, 426, 439
Skiernievitse 370
Skoda 36, 212, 683, 952, 1046–7
Slade, E. J. W. 392–3
Slatin, Rudolf von 749
Slovenia 156
small arms production 1004, 1032, 1046, 1102, 1106–7
Smith, Allan M. 1074
Smith, William 146
Smith-Dorrien, Horace 222–3, 249, 602–4, 608
Smuts, J. C. 546–8, 550–1, 561–2, 566, 568, 599-615, 617, 621–2, 624–8, 631–3, 641–2
Sociétédes Constructions Mécaniques 1054
Soganli mountains 723
Soignies 220
Soissons 260, 265–6
Sokoto 763
