Operation Desert Storm, 8, 99, 261, 268, 317, 351, 466
as phase two of World War IV, 316–17
gunboat diplomacy, 229
Hagel, Chuck, 331
Haig, Douglas, 129–30
Haiti, 217, 218, 248, 352, 383
Hard Call (McCain), 168
Harriman, W. Averell, 251
Harrison, Benjamin, 416
Harrison, William Henry, 416
Havel, Václav, 302
Hemingway, Ernest, 4, 58
high-tech warfare, 97, 378–79
Hilsman, Roger, 251
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 220, 360
Hirtzel, Arthur, 293–94
history
American expansion and, 275–76
constructed image of, 214–15
“end of,” 136–37, 202, 237, 266–73
History That Matters, 233–39
management of, 168–69
Niebuhr on, 169, 173–74
starts today, 80, 324
turning points in, 306, 397, 398
Hitler, Adolf, 107, 185, 223, 261, 277
comparisons to, 259, 261, 366
Hoffmann, Stanley, 390
Holbrooke, Richard C., 252
Horner, Chuck, 119
Hungary, 55
Huntington, Samuel, 97, 348
Hussein, Saddam, 16, 20, 106, 128, 252
first Gulf War and, 8, 99, 246, 268–69, 317
Iraq War miscalculations by, 372
as Iraq War target, 19, 27–28, 107, 109, 130, 174, 300, 366
as new Hitler, 261, 366
US support for, during 1980s, 76, 227, 313, 316
Ibn Saud, Abd al-Aziz, 162, 303
identity politics, 129, 429
Ignatius, David, 353
Iklé, Fred, 97
The Image (Boorstin), 431–32
immigrants, 44, 110, 420
imperial power, American, 361, 386–94, 400
birth of, 216–17
challenges of maintaining, 391–93
Global War on Terror and, 401–2
Niebuhr on, 171
peculiarity of, 386–87
prospects of, 391
Roman Empire compared to, 155, 388, 390
vulnerability of, 392–93
War for the Greater Middle East and, 225–27
War for the Pacific and, 218–22
War for the West and, 222–25
India, 56, 189, 347
“indispensable nation,” 155, 173, 185, 234, 260, 285–86
Indonesia, 56, 189
Information Age, 137, 378, 446
information technology, 17, 100, 101–2, 378, 410
Iran, 356–57
coup of 1953 in, 55, 56, 71, 163, 347, 428
hostage crisis in, 309
revolution of 1979 in, 304, 428
as US adversary, 58, 110, 238
US support for Shah in, 304, 329
Iran-Iraq War, 56, 226–27, 311, 312, 313
Iraq
attack on USS Stark by, 311
British Empire in, 293–94, 295
invasion of Kuwait by, 8, 227, 246, 316, 396
Israeli attack on, 350
Kurds in, 317
Shiites in, 58, 317
US sanctions toward, 319–20
US support for, in 1980s, 76, 227, 313, 316
war with Iran by, 56, 226–27, 311, 312, 313
See also Gulf War
Iraqi Interim Authority (IIA), 111–12, 114
Iraq War (2003–)
Abu Ghraib torture scandal, 20, 77, 114, 125, 170
Brooks on, 27–29
campaign plan for, 372–73
deaths and casualties in, 10, 20, 125, 176, 337
domestic obstacles and opposition to, 28, 367–68
Feith on, 21, 105–13, 116, 366
Franks on, 118–31
insurgency in, 20, 107, 227, 373
Iraqi army in, 126, 373
justifications and rationale for, 18–19, 27–28, 59, 77, 104, 108–10, 174–75, 336–37
as living room war, 69, 376–80
“Mission Accomplished” declaration, 19–20, 107, 114
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 104, 107, 119, 126, 315, 323, 336–37, 352, 367, 379, 437–38
as preventive war, 104, 363
results of, 59, 107, 191, 227, 337–38, 352, 373
Rumsfeld and, 21, 77, 78–79, 104, 109, 112–13, 130, 366, 372–73
Sanchez on, 105, 113–16
seen as easy victory, 104, 109, 366
as “self-defense,” 107, 108–9, 110
“shock and awe” stage of, 104, 270–71, 379
strategic objectives of, 109–10, 130–31, 323, 336–37, 367
“surge” in, 451–52
toppling of Saddam Hussein statue, 20, 125, 451
US occupation during, 112–13, 125–26, 352, 436
US troop strength in, 125, 437–38, 467
WMD narrative in, 19, 77, 107, 108, 126
Wolfowitz and, 18–22, 104, 336, 366, 372
The Irony of American History (Niebuhr), 167, 170, 178, 180
Islam, 348
Islamism, 61–62, 172, 269, 273
Islamophobia, 60, 64
isolationism, 185, 215, 223, 227, 361
New York Times on, 240–49
Israel, 55, 162, 187, 349–54, 459
demographic bomb in, 271, 273
Iraq wars and, 19, 106, 316
Lebanon incursions by, 269–70, 352
military power of, 267–68, 273, 350
Six Day War (1967) and, 268, 309, 350
Suez Crisis (1956) and, 261, 350
targeted assassinations by, 350–51
US and, 21, 309, 345–46
wars against Palestinians by, 270, 319, 352
Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), 269, 270, 350
It Doesn’t Take a Hero (Schwarzkopf), 120
Jackson, Andrew, 31, 407
Japan, 72, 92–93, 218–20, 300, 342
Jefferson, Thomas, 24, 169, 277, 283, 387, 412
Jobs, Steve, 410
John Paul II, Pope (Karol Wojtyla), 259, 286, 302
Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), 15–16
Johnson, Lyndon B., 36, 75, 154, 250, 412–13
Joint Vision 2010, 101
Jones, Howard, 251
Jones, Terry, 60
Judt, Tony, 253, 255
just-war tradition, 468
Kagan, Frederick, 241
Kagan, Robert, 16, 59
on global order, 53–59
Keating, Kenneth, 91
Keller, Bill, 241–42
Kelly, Megyn, 432
Kennan, George, 39–47
on Cold War, 41, 43, 44, 46
personal qualities, 39, 40, 45
on race and ethnicity, 44
Kennedy, Ethel, 36–37
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 36
Kennedy, John F., 31, 45, 80, 169, 229, 423
during Cuban Missile Crisis, 55, 91, 154
Cuba policy efforts by, 71, 154, 218
Schlesinger Jr. and, 34–36
Kennedy, Robert, 31, 36–37
Kenya, 103, 315, 319
Kerry, John, 29, 240–41, 329, 330, 331
Khobar Towers, 103, 319
Khrushchev, Nikita, 55, 136
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 214, 279
Kingston, Robert, 305
Kissinger, Henry, 76, 331, 333
Korean War, 124–25, 221, 276
Kosovo, 99, 225, 393, 400
Krauthammer, Charles, 186
Kristol, William, 16, 58, 186
Krock, Arthur, 244–45
Kuwait, 8, 227, 246, 316, 396
LaFollette, Robert, 276
Lasch, Christopher, 11, 138–47, 212
conservatism of, 144–45, 455
on cultural debasement, 142–43
on progress and progressivism, 141–42, 145–47, 286
works by, 140, 141
Latin America
, 75, 203
US record in, 216–18
Lebanon
Israeli military interventions in, 269–70, 352
US military interventions in, 303–4, 310, 311, 313, 314, 318
LeMay, Curtis, 280
Lenin, Vladimir, 157, 343
Lessig, Lawrence, 429
Lewis, Flora, 246
The Lexus and the Olive Tree (Friedman), 101, 260
LGBT rights, 442
liberalism
failure of American, 420–23
Schlesinger Jr. and, 31–38
Libya, 312, 338
in tanker war, 310, 311
US intervention in, 191, 241, 427
Life, 33, 67–68, 93–94
limits of power, 169, 175–77
Lincoln, Abraham, 24, 169, 276, 375, 447
Lindbergh, Charles, 187
Lippmann, Walter, 23–24, 444–45
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 250, 252
Long Twentieth Century, 257, 260, 262, 264
Long War, 148, 151, 156, 263
Open Door strategy and, 163–65
as term, 343–44
looming peril hypothesis, 84–85, 86–88
Louisiana Purchase, 277
Luce, Henry, 67–72
“The American Century,” 68–69
Ludendorff, Erich, 129–30
Luti, William, 370
MacArthur, Douglas, 34, 124, 228
MacLeish, Archibald, 243
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 200
Maier, Charles, 282
Malone, David M., 249
Manhattan Project, 254
Manifest Destiny, 108
Mann, James, 325
Manstein, Erich von, 107
Mao Zedong, 56, 64, 277
Mapplethorpe, Robert, 281
Marshall, Andrew, 97
Marshall, George C., 44, 228, 332–33, 451
Marshall Plan, 46, 244, 360
Mathews, Jessica, 249
Maude, Sir Frederick Stanley, 293
McCain, John, 11, 28, 151, 167, 168
McCarthy, Joseph, and McCarthyism, 34, 64, 65–66, 407
McConnell, Mitch, 413
McKinley, William, 276, 341
McNamara, Robert, 22, 122, 129, 293
Mexican War, 108, 277
Middle East
Arab Spring in, 338
British Empire and, 162, 293–97, 346–47
(G. W.) Bush administration plans to transform, 69, 109–10, 173–74, 226, 264, 308, 324, 336, 379
historical background on, 162–63
misuse of American power in, 103, 337–39
Reagan administration interventions in, 310–14
US military bases in, 269, 284, 314–15
War for Greater, 225–27, 231–32, 261, 269, 285, 346–47
See also Gulf War; Iraq War; Israel; Persian Gulf; World War IV
The Mighty and the Almighty (Albright), 167
militarism, 160, 211, 258, 273, 361, 458
America’s drift toward, 299–301
military, American. See United States military
military bases, 269, 284, 314–15, 362
military budget, 94, 358–59, 384, 412, 438
military contractors, 438–39
military-industrial complex, 94, 203, 273, 280, 356, 359, 425
military interventions, 191, 217–18, 225–26, 228
under Clinton, 317–20, 351–52, 383, 400–401, 467
in Lebanon, 303–4, 310, 311, 313, 314, 318
in Libya, 191, 241, 427
under Obama, 241, 272, 353
under Reagan, 310–16, 320
under (T.) Roosevelt, 26, 216–17, 229, 277
in Somalia, 99, 191, 269–70, 318, 436
See also Afghanistan War (United States); Gulf War; Iraq War; Vietnam War
military service, 438, 467
citizenship and, 465–66
need for national program of, 414
millennials, 445–46
Miller, Eric, 140, 143–44, 147
Mills, C. Wright, 11, 146
Monroe Doctrine, 217, 332, 396
Moro Islamic Liberation Front, 291
Mosaddeq, Mohammad, 163
Mr. Everyman
Becker perspective on, 196–97
Trump and, 197–200
Mubarak, Hosni, 55, 252
Mullen, Mike, 437
multiculturalism, 26, 37, 190, 411
Muravchik, Joshua, 246–47
Musharraf, Pervez, 55, 129
My American Journey (Powell), 120
Myers, Richard, 125, 372
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 261, 350
national debt, 176, 191, 209, 283, 332, 356, 369, 438
National Review, 279, 454
National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68), 85–86, 308
National Security Strategy, 131
neoconservatism, 16, 28, 102, 106, 109–10
neoliberalism, 410
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 63, 106, 350
Newark Star-Ledger, 87
New Deal, 34, 254
New Jerusalem, 387–88, 394
New Left, 36, 143, 155
New Republic, 53–54, 204
Newsweek, 87
New York Times, 18, 32, 33, 281–82
Brooks columns for, 23, 25–26, 54, 139
on cultural trends, 417–18
on isolationism, 241–49
on US imperial power, 260, 386
Nhu, Madame, 251
Nhu, Ngo Dinh, 251, 252
Nicaragua, 217, 218, 329
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 11, 166–80, 278, 388, 455
on America’s myths and delusions, 169–77
contemporary influence of, 166–68
The Irony of American History, 167, 170, 178, 180
Schlesinger Jr. and, 33, 34, 166
on US expansion strategy, 178–79
9/11 attacks
American public’s response to, 205–6, 335
(G. W.) Bush response to, 80–81, 262–63, 322, 389, 398–400, 401–2
as justification for new war, 18–19, 76, 162, 389–90
Pearl Harbor compared to, 262–63, 299
rolling coup inaugurated by, 368
seen as opportunity, 365, 377
US seeing itself blameless for, 72, 399
vulnerability of US to, 103
Nineteen Nineteen (Dos Passos), 148
Nisbet, Robert, 286
Nitze, Paul, 86, 87, 94
Nixon, Richard, 34, 37, 75, 136, 154, 465
and China, 55, 221, 277, 333
Norquist, Grover, 457
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 43, 46, 187, 231
North Korea, 124, 187, 277, 322, 402
nuclear deterrence strategy, 16, 85–86, 88–91, 98, 99–100
nuclear war, 88, 95, 100, 154, 357
nuclear weapons, 87, 88–89, 156, 190
Obama, Barack, 11, 28, 54, 167, 348, 410
attacks and slanders against, 64, 238, 241
and Bin Laden, 241, 330
drone use by, 21, 353
election as president, 151, 206
expectations vs. reality of, 69–70, 140
foreign policy of, 59, 329–32, 334, 344, 422
Global War on Terror term discarded by, 332, 340
military interventions by, 241, 272, 353
as Nobel Peace Prize winner, 272, 330
Obergefell v. Hodges, 440, 442
Occupy Wall Street movement, 437, 449
O’Connor, Flannery, 286, 455
Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), 111
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 33
Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), 105–13
O’Hara, John, 4
oil, 106, 162, 277, 283
Carter Doctrine on, 305, 306–7, 308–9, 435
See also Persian Gulf
Omar, Mullah, 127
Open Door strategy
original, 92, 160–61, 162,
219
updated version of, 163–65
“open world” concept, 203, 204
Operation Desert Storm, 8, 99, 261, 268, 317, 351, 466
Operation Enduring Freedom, 119, 127, 315, 402, 437–38
Operation Iraqi Freedom. See Iraq War
Operation Mongoose, 71
Operation Peace for Galilee, 269, 352
O’Reilly, Bill, 200
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 308
original sin, 456
overflights, 315
Pace, Peter, 115
Pacific and Asia, 218–22
Paine, Thomas, 388
Pakistan, 56, 79, 241, 285, 402
Afghanistan and, 61, 129
US operations in, 163, 225, 230, 263, 344–45, 353, 421, 448
Palestinians, 269, 350
displacement of, 56
intifadas by, 270, 271, 352
Israel’s wars against, 270, 319, 352
Palin, Sarah, 138
Panama, 217, 218, 246, 277
Panama Canal, 26, 216, 218
Paul, Ron, 455
Pax Americana, 189, 383, 386, 391–92
A Peace to End All Peace (Fromkin), 295
Pearl Harbor, 72, 220, 375
9/11 comparisons to, 262–63, 299
R. Wohlstetter on, 89–90, 92–93
Pence, Mike, 408
Pentagon. See Defense Department
Pepys, Samuel, 45
Percy, Walker, 11, 286
Perle, Richard, 16, 20, 81, 95, 104, 370
Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 72
Persian Gulf
British Empire and, 293–94
(G. H. W.) Bush administration and, 316–17
(G. W.) Bush administration and, 323–24, 367
Carter Doctrine on, 225, 303, 304–7, 347, 435
Clinton administration and, 318–19, 320–21
Iran-Iraq War impact on, 311, 313
Reagan administration and, 314–15, 316
US energy dependence and, 307, 308–9, 323
as US strategic priority, 58, 106, 162, 225, 284, 300, 304, 310, 347
See also Gulf War; Iraq War
Peters, Ralph, 285
Petraeus, David, 272, 273
Pfaff, William, 287
Philippines
annexation of, 218, 229, 276
US war against insurgency in, 219, 288–91, 341
Pipes, Daniel, 401
Podhoretz, Norman, 16, 241, 298, 299
The Present Danger, 246
Why We Were in Vietnam, 325
Poland, 55
political party system, 414
Polk, James K., 108, 277
populism, 138–40, 147
Port Huron Statement, 445
Potter, David, 278
Powell, Colin, 128, 369
during Gulf War, 316–17
My American Journey, 120
Rumsfeld on, 77–78
Powell Doctrine, 371
Power, Samantha, 430–31
power elite, 146
pragmatism, 211, 277, 285, 355
presidents of the United States
Twilight of the American Century Page 53
