Spolaore, E. and Wacziarg, R. (2009). The Diffusion of Development. Quarterly Journal of Economics 124(2): 469‒529.
Spolaore, E. and Wacziarg, R. (2013). How Deep Are the Roots of Economic Development? Journal of Economic Literature 51(2): 325‒69.
Sprinkle, A. (2009). 40 Reasons Why Whores are My Heroes, in D. Sterry (ed.), Hos, Hookers, Call Girls, and Rent Boys. New York: Soft Skull Press, pp. 10‒11.
Standing, G. (1999). Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited. World Development 27(3): 583‒602.
Steckel, R. and Prince, J. (2001). Tallest in the World: Native Americans of the Great Plains in the Nineteenth Century. American Economic Review 91(1): 287‒94.
Steinberg, M. (2016). England's Great Transformation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Stephenson, J. (2018). ‘Real’ Wages? Contractors, Workers, and Pay in London Building Trades, 1650‒1800. The Economic History Review 71(1): 106‒32.
Stern, N. (2006). Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change. Her Majesty's Treasury of the UK Government.
Stiglitz, J. (2015). The Great Divide. London: Allen Lane.
Stiglitz, J. (2016). The State, the Market, and Development. UNU WIDER Working Paper.
Strober, M. (1984). Towards a General Theory of Occupational Sex Segregation, in B. Reskin (ed.), Sex Segregation in the Workplace. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Strossen, N. (2000). Defending Pornography. New York: New York University Press.
Swedburg, R. (2011). The Household Economy: A Complement or Alternative to the Market Economy? Center for the Study of Economy and Society Working Paper Series. Cornell University.
Tabellini, G. (2008). Institutions and Culture. Journal of the European Economic Association 6(2‒3): 255‒94.
Tabellini, G. (2010). Culture and Institutions: Economic Development in the Regions of Europe. Journal of the European Economic Association 8(4): 677‒716.
Tankersley, J. and Scheiber, N. (2018). Wielding Data, Women Force a Reckoning Over Bias in the Economics Field. New York Times, 10 January.
Taylor, J. (1992). Reclaiming the Mainstream. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.
Tertilt, M. (2005). Polygyny, Fertility, and Savings. Journal of Political Economy 113(6): 1341‒71.
Thaler, R. (1992). The Winner's Curse. New York: Free Press.
Thaler, R. and Sunstein, C. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Therborn, G. (2004). Between Sex and Power: Family in the World 1900‒2000. London: Routledge.
Thompson, E. (1991). Customs in Common. London: Merlin Press.
Tilly, C. (1975). Reflections on the History of European State-Making, in C. Tilly (ed.), The Formation of Nation States in Western Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 3–84.
Titmuss, R. (1970). The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy. London: Allen and Unwin.
Todd, E. (1988). The Explanation of Ideology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Todd, E. (2011). L’origine des systèmes familiaux. Paris: Gallimard.
Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science 185(4157): 1124‒31.
UNFPA (2017). UNFPA Supplies Annual Report. New York: United Nations.
UNICEF (2014). Ending Child Marriage: Progress and Prospects. New York: UNICEF.
Van Bavel, B. (2016). The Invisible Hand? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Van Bavel, B. and Rijpma, A. (2015). How Important Were Formalized Charity and Social Spending before the Rise of the Welfare State? A Long-Run Analysis of Selected Western European Cases, 1400‒1850. The Economic History Review 69(1): 159‒87.
Van den Heuvel, D. (2007). Women and Entrepreneurship. Amsterdam: Aksant.
Van Zanden, J., Buringh, E. and Bosker, M. (2011). The Rise and Decline of European Parliaments, 1188‒1789. The Economic History Review 65(3): 835‒61.
Van Zanden, J., Rijpma, A. and Kok, J. (2017). Agency, Gender, and Economic Development in the World Economy 1850‒2000. Abingdon: Routledge.
Voigtländer, N. and Voth, H. (2013). How the West ‘Invented’ Fertility Restriction. American Economic Review 103(6): 2227‒64.
Wajcman, J. (2010). Feminist Theories of Technology. Cambridge Journal of Economics 34(1): 143‒52.
Wallerstein, I. (1976). The Modern World System. New York and London: Academic Press.
Walter, N. (2011). Living Dolls. Frankfurt: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag.
Wang, G. (2016). Reproductive Health and Gender Equality. London: Routledge.
Waring, M. (1988). If Women Counted. San Francisco: Harper.
Weber, M. (2016). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Lanham: Dancing Unicorn Books.
Wellings, K., Jones, K., Mercer, C., et al. (2013). The Prevalence of Unplanned Pregnancy and Associated Factors in Britain: Findings from the Third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). The Lancet 382(9907): 1807‒16.
Wheeler, A. and Thompson, W. (1825). Appeal of One Half of the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
White, D., Betzig, L., Mulder, M., et al. (1988). Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and Cultural Systems [and Comments and Reply]. Current Anthropology 29(4): 529‒72.
Wiener, M. (1981). English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850‒1980. Cambridge University Press.
Wiesner-Hanks, M. (2015). Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Williams, E. (1994). Capitalism and Slavery. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Woetzel, J., Madgavkar, A., Ellingrud, K., et al. (2015). The Power of Parity: How Advancing Women's Equality Can Add $12 Trillion to Global Growth. New York: McKinsey Global Institute.
Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. London: J. Johnson.
Wood, A. (2018). The 1990s Trade and Wages Debate in Retrospect. The World Economy 41(4): 975‒99.
Woolley, F. (1993). The Feminist Challenge to Neoclassical Economics. Cambridge Journal of Economics 17(4): 485‒500.
Woolley, F. (1996). Getting the Better of Becker. Feminist Economics 2(1): 114‒20.
World Bank (2011). World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
World Economic Forum (2017). The Global Gender Gap Report. Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
Wrigley, E. (1988). Continuity, Chance and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wrigley, E. and Schofield, R. (1981). The Population History of England, 1541‒1871. London: Edward Arnold for the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure.
Xue, M. (2016). High-Value Work and the Rise of Women: The Cotton Revolution and Gender Equality in China. SSRN, 1 November.
Xue, M. and Koyama, M. (2018). Autocratic Rule and Social Capital: Evidence from Imperial China. MPRA Working Paper.
Index
abortion 25, 26, 44, 78, 84, 112, 114, 129, 164, 177 and state capability 123, 124, 129
Acemoglu, Daren 119–20
Africa age of marriage 44, 81
colonization and the slave trade 17, 25, 32–3
early economic growth 15, 17, 18
economic stagnation 21, 28, 32–3
institutions 21, 32, 33
markets 19
marriage, kinship and women's freedom 42–3
witchcraft accusations 25, 43
Agarwal, Bina 31, 32, 41
ageing population 82, 170
agency 38, 52 and family systems 132
and sex work 91, 92
and society 172
women's bodily autonomy 81
agriculture see farming
Akerlof, George 159
Alesina, Alberto 46, 62
Allen, Robert C.
27, 80
altruism and care work 170
families and economics 167
Amabile, Teresa 156
Americas early economic growth 17, 18
economic decline 28, 32
Amott, Teresa 65, 84
animal spirits 158
anonymous versus ‘real’ nudes 87–8
arithmetic, development of 16
Arkwright, Richard 36
arranged marriages 40, 41, 45–6
art and economists 1–2
women's naked bodies in 87–8, 89, 99
Asia age of marriage 81
economic decline 28
family structure and marriage 40–1
inequality 72
markets 19
poverty 72
Atkinson, Tony 75
austerity policies 3, 92, 123, 182
Baddeley, Michelle 173
Bangladesh 73
Banyard, Kat 89
Beauvoir, Simone de 171, 172
Becker, Gary 2 A Treatise on the Family 167
behavioural economics 6, 141, 150, 154–60, 163, 173 and the business cycle 157–8
and careless talk 160
causes of economic growth 155–7
intrinsic and extrinsic motivations 151
‘nudging’ and decision making 158
and personal finance 158–9
and poverty 159–60
resistance to 155, 161
Bentham, Jeremy 147
Benton, Thomas Hart 65
Berlin, Isaiah 38
Besley, Tim 126
Bettio, Francesca 95
biases in human behaviour 153
Bible, on markets and money 142, 143
Bindel, Julie 90
Birks, Kirio 92
birth control 5, 180 and economic prosperity 30
the ‘global gag rule’ 26
lack of access to 30, 82, 95, 175, 176
state capability and access to 123, 129
and women's bodily freedom 25, 26, 30, 164
Black Death 63, 64, 66, 80, 83, 127
blood donation, attitudes to 150–1
Botticelli, Sandro, Birth of Venus 87
Botticini, Maristella 43
brain and rational, calculating behaviour 153–4
technology and brain power 67–8
women's monetization of their brains 90–1, 97–8, 99–100
Braunstein, Elissa 156
bride price 43
Britain economic growth 34, 119
Factory Commission Report (1833) 108
Glorious Revolution (1688) 20–1
government spending as a percentage of GDP 103
income inequality 72, 75
internal markets 47
landed aristocracy 109–10
Master and Servant Act (1823) 114
medieval 21, 47
state capability 129, 134–5
unplanned pregnancies 165
wages and industrialization 27–8, 80
welfare state 133
women's freedom in 45
see also England; Industrial Revolution
Bronze Age 16
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom 36
Bryson, Valerie 131–2
business cycle, and behavioural economics 157–8
Butler, Josephine 93
Campbell, Bruce 30
capability approach to freedom 38
capitalism and economic growth 26–7
and the Enlightenment 24
and the family 167–8
and feminism 7, 86, 103, 104
Marx on human behaviour and 146
and Marxist feminists 104, 105, 107–9
and the state versus market question 103–5
and women's bodies 89–90
and women's freedom 50–1
see also markets
care work 77–8, 79 and behavioural economics 157
caring activity and the state 133
crisis of care 171, 178, 181
and dependency 169–71, 181–2
distribution of 115
and economic activity 161, 169–70
and economic growth 156–7
feminist economics on 156–7
and GDP 31–2, 181, 182
and the market 170–1
Marxist feminism on 109
and sex workers 94–5
and society 172
and the state 120, 130, 171
universal caregivers 84–5
as women's work 177
and the world of work 182–3
careless talk 160
Carmichael, Sarah 39
Carus, A. W. 21–2
Catholicism see Christian Church
Chambers, Clare 171–2
Chang, Ha-Joon 113
Châtelet, Alexandre Parent du, Prostitution in Paris 96
child labour, and the Industrial Revolution 108
child care 85, 170
children and family life, income inequality 78
family size 49–50, 64, 83, 115
China age of marriage 44
early economic growth 15, 16, 17
and the Enlightenment 24
and gender inequality 63, 177
and income inequality 71, 72, 73, 74
marriage and family system 40–1, 46
one-child population policy 82
and the state 103
state capacity 121
taxes 119
Christian Church and human behaviour 142–3, 144, 145, 146, 149
marriage and the Catholic Church 46
and state capability 128, 129
and women's bodies 98–9
see also Protestantism; religion
civil rights movement 84
class and the development of free markets 109–10
and income inequality 72–3
and state capability 124
classical economics 146, 178
climate change 30
Cold War 103
colonialism 33
Columbus, Christopher 17
confirmation bias 153
Connolly, Anthony 87
consumption 146, 147
contraception see birth control
Coontz, Stephanie 78
Coquery-Vidrovich, Catherine 42
Corvid, Margaret 97
creativity and economic growth 156
culture and economic prosperity 22–3
cyberfeminists 68
Dark Ages in Europe 17, 38
Das Gupta, Monica 40–1
Dasgupta, Partha 147
Day, Doris 37
de-globalization 3
deindustrialization 3, 12
democracy and economic prosperity 34
and state capability 122, 124, 126, 129, 130 and women 131–2
and women's freedom 34, 51–3
dependency 169–71, 181–2
developing countries structural reform packages 123
women's influence in 134
Diamond, Jared 30
diminishing marginal productivity 147–8
diminishing marginal utility 147
divine rights of kings 128, 131–2
domestic service, women employed in 65–6
domestic sphere 178, 182–3 the cult of domesticity 58, 65, 79
see also care work
domestic violence 177
Dowling, Emma 107
dowries 43
Dutch Republic 21
Dworkin, Andrea 93–4, 99
East India Company 110, 144
economic decline 28–34 and environmental concerns 30–2
and population growth 28–30
economic growth 14
–35, 36‒53, 174 and feminist economics 3
and gender equality 36–53, 108, 109
history of 14–18
human behaviour and the causes of 155–7
and income inequality 5, 14, 67, 75–6, 83
and institutions 20–3
rate of 14
and the state 20–3, 32–4, 51–2, 118–25
understanding why growth stops 28–34
and wages 26–8, 48, 80, 108
and women's freedom 4–5, 12, 23, 26, 35, 37, 47–53, 57, 80, 83, 84, 174–5
economics and economists 179–83 blindness to women's freedom 139
classical 146, 178
and the family 166–71, 173
gendered assumptions of 139, 149, 150, 161–2
and individual freedom 149
and individuals as rational/self-interested calculators 141, 152–4, 161, 163, 172–3
macho biases in 181
the marginal revolution 146–8
the sex factor in 2, 3, 6, 174, 183
and society 171–3
and women's bodily autonomy 166, 173
see also behavioural economics; feminist economics
Edgeworth, F. Y. 162
Edlund, Lena 96
education, gender gap in 59
Egypt 16
Eisenstein, Zillah 76, 84
Elizabeth I, Queen 98
Elson, Diane 182–3
emotional behaviour 153, 154
employment see labour market
empowerment 38 sexuality as 90
and women's bodies 87, 88
Engels, Friedrich 40, 106–7, 171 The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State 60–1
England early state formation 127
and the Enlightenment 25
The Sex Factor Page 29
