by Paul Connett
67. S. Jones and K. Lennon, One in a Million. The Facts About Fluoridation, 2nd ed. , published by the British Fluoridation Society, UK Public Health Association, British Dental Association, and the Faculty of Public Health, 2004, http://fluoridealert.org/re/uk.bfs.one-in-a-million.2004.pdf.
68. National Research Council, Fluoride in Drinking Water (n. 12 above).
69. Report submitted in 2004 by Chester W. Douglass to the National Research Council of the National Academies Committee: Toxicologic Risk of Fluoride in Drinking Water [BEST-K-02-05-A], http://www.fluoridealert.org/harvard/docs/final-report.pdf.
70. S. Begley, “Fluoridation, Cancer: Did Researchers Ask the Right Question?” Wall Street Journal, July 22, 2005, page B1.
71. Harvard Medical School Office of Public Affairs, “Statement Concerning the Outcome of the Review into Allegations of Research Misconduct Involving Fluoride Research, ” News Release, August 15, 2006, http://web.med.harvard.edu/sites/RELEASES/html/8_15Douglass.html.
72. E. B. Bassin, D. Wypij, R. B. Davis, and M. A. Mittleman, “Age-specific Fluoride Exposure in Drinking Water and Osteosarcoma (United States), ” Cancer Causes and Control 17, no. 4 (May 2006): 421–28.
73. C. W. Douglass and K. Joshipura, “Caution Needed in Fluoride and Osteosarcoma Study” (letter), Cancer Causes & Control 17, no. 4 (May 2006): 481–82.
74. Ibid.
75. E. B. Bassin, “Association Between Fluoride in Drinking Water During Growth and Development and the Incidence of Ostosarcoma for Children and Adolescents” (n. 63 above).
76. E. B. Bassin et al. , “Age-specific Fluoride Exposure in Drinking Water and Osteosarcoma (United States)” (n. 72 above).
77. C. Neurath and P. Connett, “Current Epidemiological Research on Link between Fluoride and Osteosarcoma, ” Fluoride 41, no. 3 (2008): 241–42 (abstracts from the XXVIIIth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research), http://www.fluorideresearch.org/413/files/FJ2008_v41_n3_p233-258.pdf.
78. National Health and Medical Research Council, A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Fluoridation, reference no. EH41, Australian Government, December 27, 2007, http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/eh41syn.htm.
79. South Central Strategic Health Authority, “Public Consultation on the Proposal for Water Fluoridation in Southampton and Parts of Southwest Hampshire, ” September 2008, pages 18–19, http://fluoridealert.org/re/uk.sha.brochure.2008.pdf.
80. Video of the presentation by Dr. Peter Cooney, Chief Dental Officer of Canada, on the case for fluoridation of drinking water in Dryden, Ontario, Canada, April 1, 2008, http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4888471756915953833&hl=en.
81. California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, “Announcement of Chemicals Selected by OEHHA for Consideration for Listing by the Carcinogen Identification Committee and Request for Relevant Information on the Carcinogenic Hazards of These Chemicals, ” California Environmental Protection Agency, October 15, 2009, http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/CRNR_notices/state_listing/data_callin/sqe101509.html.
82. C. Neurath and P. Connett, “Evidence Supporting Prioritizing Fluoride for Carcinogenicity Hazard Identification, ” submission to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and Carcinogenicity Identification Committee, Prioritization of Chemicals for Carcinogen Identification Committee Review, California Environmental Protection Agency, May 5, 2009, http://fluoridealert.org/neurath-2009.may5.pdf.
83. Environmental Working Group, “Research on PFOA and Fluoride Carcinogenicity Supports Their High Priority Review for Proposition 65 Listing, ” submission to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Prioritization of Chemicals for Carcinogen Identification Committee Review, California Environmental Protection Agency, May 5, 2009, http://fluoridealert.org/ca/ewg-may2009.pdf.
84. K. M. Thiessen, “Comments on Prioritization of Chemicals for Carcinogen Identification Committee Review. Proposed Chemicals for Committee Consideration and Consultation. March 2009, ” submission to: Proposition 65 Implementation, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, from Kathleen M. Thiessen, PhD, SENES Oak Ridge, Inc. , Center for Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge, TN, May 5, 2009, http://fluoridealert.org/ca/thiessen-2009.pdf.
85. California Dental Association, “CDA Receives ADA State Public Affairs Program Grants, ” executive bulletin from the desk of Executive Director Peter DuBois, January 12, 2010.
86. California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, “Announcement of Chemicals Selected by OEHHA” (n. 81 above).
Chapter 19
1. C. F. Hongslo, J. K. Hongslo, and R. I. Holland, “Fluoride Sensitivity of Cells from Different Organs, ” Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 46, no. 1 (1980): 73–77.
2. J. Ekstrand, “Fluoride Intake, ” in: Fluoride in Dentistry, 2nd ed. , ed. O. Fejerskov, J. Ekstrand, and B. Burt (Denmark: Munksgaard, 1996), 40–52.
3. G. M. Whitford, “The Metabolism and Toxicity of Fluoride, ” in: Monographs in Oral Science, vol. 16, 2nd rev. ed. (New York: Karger, 1996).
4. R. I. Mazze, “Methoxyflurane Nephropathy, ” Environmental Health Perspectives 15 (1976): 111–19, http://fluoridealert.org/re/mazze-1976.pdf.
5. J. Marier and D. Rose, Environmental Fluoride, Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality, NRCC no. 16081, National Research Council of Canada, 1977. A large part of this report can be found at http://www.fluoridealert.org/NRC-Fluoride.htm.
6. M. Nuscheler, P. Conzen, D. Schwender, and K. Peter, “Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Fact or Fiction?” (article in German), Der Anaesthesist 45, suppl. 1 (1996): S32–40.
7. S. Partanen, “Inhibition of Human Renal Acid Phosphatases by Nephrotoxic Micromolar Concentrations of Fluoride, ” Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 54, no. 3 (2002): 231–37.
8. R. I. Mazze, “Fluorinated Anesthetic Nephrotoxicity: An Update, ” Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society Journal 31 (1984): S16–22.
9. J. A. Varner, K. F. Jensen, W. Horvath, and R. L. Isaacson, “Chronic Administration of Aluminum-Fluoride or Sodium-Fluoride to Rats in Drinking Water: Alterations in Neuronal and Cerebrovascular Integrity, ” Brain Research 784, no. 1–2 (1998): 284–98. Extended excerpts at http://www.fluoride-journal.com/98-31-2/31291-95.htm.
10. C. M. McCay, W. F. Ramseyer, and C. A. Smith, “Effect of Sodium Fluoride Administration on Body Changes in Old Rats, ” Journal of Gerontology 12, no. 1 (1957): 14–19.
11. S. L. Manocha, H. Warner, and Z. L. Olkowski, “Cytochemical Response of Kidney, Liver and Nervous System to Fluoride Ions in Drinking Water, ” Histochemical Journal 7, no. 4 (1975): 343–55.
12. J. L. Borke and G. M. Whitford, “Chronic Fluoride Ingestion Decreases 45Ca Uptake by Rat Kidney Membranes, ” Journal of Nutrition 129 (1999): 1209–13, http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/129/6/1209.
13. M. Ando, M. Tadano, S. Yamamoto, et al. , “Health Effects of Fluoride Pollution Caused by Coal Burning, ” Science of the Total Environment 271, no. 1–3 (2001): 107–16.
14. O. M. Derryberry, M. D. Bartholomew, and R. B. Fleming, “Fluoride Exposure and Worker Health. The Health Status of Workers in a Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant in Relation to Fluoride Exposure, ” Archives of Environmental Health 6 (1963): 503–14.
15. S. P. Kumar and R. A. Harper, “Fluorosis in Aden, ” British Journal of Radiology 36 (1963): 497–502.
16. O. Lantz, M. H. Jouvin, M. C. De Vernejoul, and P. Druet, “Fluoride-Induced Chronic Renal Failure, ” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 10, no. 2 (1987): 136–39.
17. M. Reggabi, K. Khelfat, M. T. Aoul, et al. , “Renal Function in Residents of an Endemic Fluorosis Area in Southern Algeria, ” Fluoride 17, no. 1 (1984): 35–41, http://www.fluoridealert.org/re/reggabi-1984.pdf.
18. H. E. Shortt, G. R. McRobert, T. W. Barnard, and A. S. M. Nayar, “Endemic Fluorosis in the Madras Presidency, ” Indian Journal of Medical Research 25, no. 2 (1937): 553–6
8.
19. A. H. Siddiqui, “Fluorosis in Nalgonda District, Hyderabad-Deccan, ” British Medical Journal 2, no. 4953 (1955): 1408–13.
20. A. Singh, S. S. Jolly, B. C. Bansal, and C. C. Mathur, “Endemic Fluorosis: Epidemiological, Clinical and Biochemical Study of Chronic Fluoride Intoxication in Punjab (India), ” Medicine 42 (1963): 229–46.
21. V. P. Singla, G. L. Garg, and S. S. Jolly, “The Kidneys, ” Fluoride 9, no. 1 (1976): 33–35.
22. S. S. Jolly, O. P. Sharma, G. Garg, and R. Sharma, “Kidney Changes and Kidney Stones in Endemic Fluorosis, ” Fluoride 13, no. 1 (1980): 10–16, http://www.fluoridealert.org/re/jolly-1980.pdf.
23. J. L. Liu, T. Xia, Y. Y. Yu, et al. , “The Dose-Effect Relationship of Water Fluoride Levels and Renal Damage in Children” (article in Chinese), Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 34, no. 3 (2005): 287–88.
24. W. Johnson et al. , “Fluoridation and Bone Disease in Renal Patients, ” pages 275–93, in: Continuing Evaluation of the Use of Fluorides, ed. E. Johansen, D. R. Taves, and T. O. Olsen, AAAS Selected Symposium (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1979).
25. L. I. Juncos and J. V. Donadio, “Renal Failure and Fluorosis, ” Journal of the American Medical Association 222, no. 7 (1972): 783–85.
26. National Research Council of the National Academies, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006), 280, http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=280.
27. Ibid. , 281, http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=281.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid. , 303, http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=303.
30. Ibid, chapters 6 and 9.
31. S. C. Freni, “Exposure to High Fluoride Concentrations in Drinking Water Is Associated with Decreased Birth Rates, ” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 42, no. 1 (1994): 109–21.
32. H. Long, Y. Jin, M. Lin, et al. , “Fluoride Toxicity in the Male Reproductive System, ” Fluoride 42, no. 4 (2009): 260–76, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/424/files/FJ2009_v42_n4_p260-276.pdf.
33. E. Varol, S. Akcay, I. H. Ersoy, et al. , “Impact of Chronic Fluorosis on Left Ventricular Diastolic and Global Functions, ” The Science of the Total Environment 408, no. 11 (2010): 2295–98.
34. E. Varol, S. Akcay, I. H. Ersoy, et al. , “Aortic Elasticity Is Impaired in Patients with Endemic Fluorosis, ” Biological Trace Element Research 133, no. 2 (2010): 121–27.
Chapter 20
1. National Health and Medical Research Council, A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Fluoridation, reference no. EH41, Australian Government, December 27, 2007, http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/eh41syn.htm.
2. Video of the presentation by Dr. Peter Cooney, Chief Dental Officer of Canada, on the case for fluoridation of drinking water in Dryden, Ontario, Canada, April 1, 2008, http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4888471756915953833&hl=en.
3. Presentations by Barry Cockcroft, Chief Dental Officer for England, at “Question Time on Fluoridation” held on October 20, November 18, and December 3, 2008. Organized by the South Central Strategic Health Authority Southampton, UK.
4. Bazian Ltd. , “Critical Appraisal of ‘Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s standards. ’” A report for South Central Strategic Health Authority, UK, delivery date: February 11, 2009, http://fluoridealert.org/sha.basian.nrc.feb09.pdf.
5. American Dental Association, “Statement on Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards [the NRC 2006 report], ” news release, March 22, 2006.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Statement on the 2006 National Research Council Report, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards, ” Division of Oral Health. Posted originally on March 28, 2006. Date last updated: August 24, 2009, http://www.cdc.gov/FLUORIDATION/safety/nrc_report.htm.
7. National Research Council of the National Academies, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006), http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571.
8. Ibid.
9. R. J. Carton, “Review of the 2006 National Research Council Report: Fluoride in Drinking Water, ” Fluoride 39, no. 3 (2006): 163–72, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/393/files/FJ2006_v39_n3_p163-172.pdf.
10. National Research Council, Fluoride in Drinking Water (n. 7 above).
11. P. P. Bachinskii, O. A. Gutsalenko, N. D. Naryzhniuk, et al. , “Action of Fluoride on the Function of the Pituitary-thyroid System of Healthy Persons and Patients with Thyroid Disorders” (article in Russian), Problemy Endokrinologii (Mosk) 31, no. 6 (1985): 25–29, English translation at http://www.fluoridealert.org/bachinskii.1985.pdf.
12. Q. Xiang, Y. Liang, L. Chen, et al. , “Effect of Fluoride in Drinking Water on Children’s Intelligence, ” Fluoride 36, no. 2 (2003): 84–94, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/362/files/FJ2003_v36_n2_p84-94.pdf.
13. Q. Xiang, Y. Liang, M. Zhou, and H. Zang, “Blood Lead of Children in Wamiao-Xinhuai Intelligence Study” (letter), Fluoride 36, no. 3 (2003): 198–99, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/363/files/FJ2003_v36_n3_p198-199.pdf.
14. F. F. Lin, Aihaiti, H. X. Zhao, et al. , “The Relationship of a Low-Iodine and High-Fluoride Environment to Subclinical Cretinism in Xinjiang, ” Xinjiang Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research; Office of Leading Group for Endemic Disease Control of Hetian Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China; and County Health and Epidemic Prevention Station, Yutian, Xinjiang, Iodine Deficiency Disorder Newsletter 7 (1991): 3, http://fluoridealert.org/scher/lin-1991.pdf; also see http://www.fluoridealert.org/IDD.htm.
15. P. Kurttio, N. Gustavsson, T. Vartiainen, and J. Pekkanen, “Exposure to Natural Fluoride in Well Water and Hip Fracture: A Cohort Analysis in Finland, ” American Journal of Epidemiology 150, no. 8 (1999): 817–24.
16. Y. Li, C. Liang, C. W. Slemenda, et al. , “Effect of Long-term Exposure to Fluoride in Drinking Water on Risks of Bone Fractures, ” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16, no. 5 (2001): 932–39.
17. B. C. Nesin, “A Water Supply Perspective of the Fluoridation Discussion, ” Journal of the Maine Water Utilities Association 32 (1956): 33–47.
18. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, “National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Fluoride. Final Rule, ” Federal Register, 40 CM Part 104 [WH-FRL-2913-8(b)], November 14, 1985. Note: The MCL established on April 2, 1986 [51 FR 11396), finalizes regulations proposed in the Federal Register of May 14, 1985 (50 FR 20164)]; http://fluoridealert.org/scher/epa-1985.pdf.
19. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004: First Human Health Risk Assessment for Sulfuryl Fluoride and Fluoride Anion: “Human Health Risk Assessment for Sulfuryl Fluoride and Fluoride Anion Addressing the Section 3 Registration of Sulfuryl Fluoride Post-Harvest Fumigation of Stored Cereal Grains, Dried Fruits and Tree Nuts and Pest Control in Grain Processing Facilities. PP# 1F6312. ” This assessment is preceded by a memorandum from Michael Doherty, chemist, and Edwin Budd, toxicologist, Registration Action Branch 2, Health Effects Division (7509C), and Becky Daiss, environmental health scientist, Reregistration Branch 4, Health Effects Division (7509C), Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC, January 20, 2004, http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/sf.jan.20.2004.epa.docket.pdf.
20. Comments on reevaluating the fluoride in drinking water standard by Robert J. Carton, PhD, vice president, Local 2050 of the National Federation of Federal Employees, before the Drinking Water Committee of the Science Advisory Board of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA, November 1, 1991.
21. P. Galletti and G. Joyet, “Effect of Fluorine on Thyroidal Iodine Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism, ” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 18, no. 10 (1958): 1102–10. Full study at http://www.slweb.org/galletti.html
22. P. P. Bachinskii, O. A. Gutsalenko, N. D. Naryzhniuk, et al. , “Action of Fluoride on the Functio
n of the Pituitary-thyroid System of Healthy Persons and Patients with Thyroid Disorders” (n. 11 above).
23. S. Bang, G. Boivin, J. C. Gerster, and C. A. Baud, “Distribution of Fluoride in Calcified Cartilage of a Fluoride-treated Osteoporotic Patient, ” Bone 6, no. 4 (1985): 207–10.
24. B. S. Bhavsar, V. K. Desai, N. R. Mehta, R. T. Vashi, K. A. V. R. Krishnamachari, “Neighborhood Fluorosis in Western India Part II: Population Study, ” Fluoride 18, no 2 (1985): 86–92.
25. B. W. Carnow and S. A. Conibear, “Industrial Fluorosis, ” Fluoride 14, no. 4 (1981): 172–81, http://fluoridealert.org/re/carnow.1981.pdf.
26. M. A. Boillat, J. Garcia and L. Velebit, “Radiological Criteria of Industrial Fluorosis, ” Skeletal Radiology 5, no. 3 (1980): 161–65.
27. H. C. Hodge and F. A. Smith, “Occupational Fluoride Exposure, ” Journal of Occupational Medicine 19, no. 1 (1977): 12–39.
