by Linda Porter
Mancini, Marie ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Mancini, Olympe ref1, ref2, ref3
Mancini, Philippe see Nevers duke de
Manoir de Kéroualle ref1
Maria Teresa (Queen Marie Thérèse of France) ref1, ref2, ref3
Marlborough, duke of (John Churchill) ref1
Marshall, Anne ref1
Martinozzi, Anne-Marie see Conti, Princess di
Martinozzi, Laura Margherita ref1, ref2, ref3
Martinozzi, Laure ref1
Marvell, Andrew ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Mary I ref1
Mary II ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Mary of Modena see York, duchess of
Mary Stuart (Princess Royal) ref1, ref2
marriage to William II of Orange ref1
spends summer with Charles ref1
possible involvement in Thomas Howard/Lucy Walter liaison ref1
relationship with Amalia von Solms ref1
death of ref1, ref2, ref3
May, Baptist ref1
Mazarin, Cardinal Jules (Giulio Mazzarini) ref1, ref2
wealth and power of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
birth and family background ref1
ambitions and marriage plans for his Italian family ref1, ref2, ref3
death and burial ref1, ref2
Mazarin, duchess (Hortense [Ortensia] Mancini) ref1, ref2
family background ref1
travels from Italy to France ref1
arrival in Paris ref1
sent to a convent ref1
closeness to her sister Marie ref1, ref2
Mazarin’s ambitions for ref1, ref2, ref3
unhappy marriage to Armand-Charles ref1
and Louis XIV ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
escapes to Italy and then Savoy ref1
invited to England by Ralph Montagu ref1, ref2
writes her memoirs ref1
takes circuitous route to England ref1
notoriety of ref1
family link to Mary of Modena ref1
and Charles II ref1, ref2, ref3
and Saint-Évremond ref1
affairs and friendships ref1
survives maelstrom of Popish Plot ref1
as victim rather than heroine ref1
death of ref1
Mazarin, duke (Armand-Charles de la Porte de la Meilleraye) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Mazarin, Paul-Jules de la Porte ref1
Medina Sidonia family ref1
Mello, Francisco de ref1
Mercoeur, duchess of (Laure-Victoire Mazzarini) ref1
Mercurius Politicus ref1
Middleton, Jane ‘Jenny’ ref1
Milan ref1
Minette see Orléans, duchess of
Monaco, Prince of ref1
Monck, George ref1, ref2
Monmouth, 1st duke of (James Crofts, later James Scott)
acknowledged by Charles as his son ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
birth and childhood ref1
attempted kidnaps ref1, ref2
taken to the Tower of London ref1
and Barbara Villiers ref1, ref2
and Catherine of Braganza ref1
marriage to Anna Scott ref1
involved in fracas in Whetstone Park ref1
and problem of succession ref1
and Nell Gwyn ref1
and Louise de Kéroualle ref1, ref2
and Exclusion Crisis ref1, ref2
exiled to the Netherlands ref1
returns to London ref1
involvement in assassination plot against Charles II ref1
Montagu, Ralph ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
The Mulberry Garden (play) ref1
Navy Office ref1
Needham, Eleanor, Lady Byron ref1
Nevers, duke de (Philippe Jules Mancini) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Nevill, George ref1
Newmarket ref1, ref2
Nicholas, Sir Edward ref1
Nonsuch Palace ref1
Norfolk, 6th duke of (Henry Howard) ref1
Northumberland, countess of (Elizabeth Wriothesley) ref1
Northumberland, 1st duke of (George Fitzroy) ref1
Northumberland, 10th earl of (Algernon Percy) ref1, ref2
Notre-Dame-des-Chelles convent, Paris ref1
Oates, Titus ref1, ref2
O’Brien, Lady Catherine ref1
Olonne, countess d’ ref1
O’Neill, Daniel ‘Infallible Subtle’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Order of the Immaculate Conception of Our Blessed Lady, Paris ref1
Orléans, duchess of (Henrietta Anne ‘Minette’) (Madame)
marriage to Monsieur ref1, ref2
Charles’s affection for ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Catholic sentiments ref1, ref2
character and description ref1, ref2, ref3
death of ref1, ref2, ref3
and Catherine of Braganza ref1, ref2
and Frances Teresa Stuart ref1, ref2, ref3
and Secret Treaty of Dover ref1, ref2
influence at French court ref1
and Louise de Kéroualle ref1, ref2
Orléans, duke of (Philippe I) (Monsieur) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Ormond, duchess of (Elizabeth Preston) ref1
Ormond, 1st duke of (James Butler) ref1, ref2, ref3
Osborne, Thomas see Danby, earl of
Ossory, Lord (Thomas Butler) ref1
Othello (Shakespeare) ref1
Oxford ref1, ref2
Oxford Parliament (1681) ref1, ref2
Page, Damaris ref1, ref2
Palais Mazarin, Paris ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Palais Royal ref1
Pall Mall ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Palmer, Barbara Villiers see Cleveland, 1st Duchess of
Palmer, Catherine ref1
Palmer, Sir James ref1
Palmer, Sir Philip ref1, ref2
Palmer, Roger see Castlemaine, earl of
Paris ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15
Paul, Sir John ref1
Pegge, Catherine ref1
Pegge, Thomas ref1
Pembroke, 7th earl of (Philip Herbert) ref1
Penalva, countess of ref1, ref2
Pepys, Samuel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21
Percy, Lady Anne ref1
Peter II of Portugal ‘Dom Pedro’ ref1, ref2, ref3
Philip II of Spain ref1
Philip III of Spain ref1
Philip IV of Spain ref1, ref2
Philip V of Spain ref1
Ploeuc, Sebastien de ref1
Plymouth, earl of (Charles FitzCharles ‘Don Carlos’) ref1
Ponte, Conde da ref1
The Poor Whores Petition ref1
Popish Plot (1678) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Porte, Charles de la ref1
Porte de la Meilleraye, Armand-Charles de la see Mazarin, duc de
Portsmouth, duchess of (Louise de Kéroualle) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
character and description ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
and Charles II ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
rivalry with Nell Gwyn ref1
nicknamed ‘Squintabella’ ref1
birth and family background ref1
appointed maid of honour to Minette ref1, ref2
appointed maid of honour to Catherine of Braganza ref1
portrait of ref1
birth of her son Charles ref1
given apartments in Whitehall ref1
contracts a sexually transmitted disease ref1
financial position ref1, ref2
known as ‘Mrs Carwell’ ref1
unpopularity of ref1, ref2
political influence and interference ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and the Yorks ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and Danby ref1, ref2, ref3
and the Exclusion Crisis ref1, ref2, ref3
final years ref1
Portugal ref1, ref2
Pyrenees, Treaty of (1659) ref1, ref2
Reresby, Sir John ref1
Restoration theatre ref1
Richelieu, Cardinal ref1
Richmond, duchess of (Frances Teresa Stuart) ref1, ref2, ref3
appointed to the queen’s household ref1, ref2
resists Charles’s advances ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
family background ref1
known as ‘La Belle Stuart’ ref1
character and description ref1
and Barbara Villiers ref1
as the model for Britannia on coinage ref1, ref2
marriage to Charles Stuart ref1, ref2
returns to court ref1
suffers from smallpox ref1
as beneficiary of Charles Stuart’s will ref1
death of ref1
dyes her hair ref1
Richmond, 1st duke of (Charles Lennox) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Richmond, 2nd duke of (Charles Lennox) ref1
Richmond, 3rd duke of (Charles Stuart, 6th duke of Lennox)
family background ref1
character and description ref1, ref2
marriage to Frances Teresa Stuart ref1, ref2
death of his first wife ref1, ref2
ambassadorial role ref1, ref2
death of ref1, ref2, ref3
leaves his lands and possessions to Frances ref1
Richmond Palace ref1
Rieux, Marie de ref1
Roberts, Jane ref1
Roch Castle, Haverfordwest ref1
Rochester, 2nd earl of (John Wilmot) ref1, ref2, ref3
Roettiers, John ref1, ref2
Rohan, chevalier de ref1
Roos, Lord ref1
Rotterdam ref1, ref2
Royal Charles (ship) ref1
Royal Mint ref1
Rupert, Prince ref1, ref2, ref3
Ruvigny, marquis de ref1, ref2, ref3
Ruz, Madame de ref1
Rye House Plot (1683) ref1
Sackville, Charles see Dorset, 6th earl of
St Albans, 1st duke of (Charles Beauclerk) ref1, ref2, ref3
St Albans, 1st earl of (Henry Jermyn) ref1
St Cloud ref1, ref2
Saint Cloud, duc de (François de Harlay de Champvallon) ref1
Saint-Évremond, seigneur (Charles Marguetel de Saint-Denis) ref1, ref2
Saint Germain ref1
St Gregory’s Church, Ludgate Hill ref1
St James’s Palace ref1, ref2
St James’s Park ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Saint-Just, Louis de ref1
St Margaret’s, Westminster ref1, ref2
St Martin-in-the-Fields ref1, ref2
St Omer ref1
Sandwich, 1st earl of (Edward Montagu) ref1
Savile, Henry ref1
Savoy ref1
Savoy, duke of (Charles Emmanuel II) ref1
Schiedam ref1
Scott, Anna see countess of Buccleuch
Secret Love (play) ref1
Sedley, Catherine ref1
Sedley, Sir Charles ref1, ref2
Sévigné, Madame de ref1
Shaftesbury, earl of (Anthony Ashley Cooper) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Shannon, Viscount (Francis Boyle) ref1
Sheldon, Gilbert, bishop of London ref1
Shore, Jane ref1
Shrewsbury, countess of (Anna-Maria Brudenell) ref1
Shrewsbury, 11th earl of (Francis Talbot) ref1
Sidney, Algernon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Sidney, Henry ref1
Sidney, Lady Mary ref1
Sidney, Robert ref1, ref2
The Siege of Rhodes (opera) ref1
Slingsby, Sir Arthur ref1, ref2
Smith, Helena ref1, ref2
Soissons, comte de (Prince Eugene of Savoy) ref1
Soissons, comtesse de (Olympe Mancini) ref1
Solms, Amalia von ref1
Somerset House ref1, ref2
Sophia of Hanover ref1
Sousa Macedo, António de ref1
Southampton, 4th earl of (Thomas Wriothesley) ref1, ref2
Southwold, Suffolk ref1
Spain ref1, ref2, ref3
Spanish Netherlands ref1, ref2, ref3
Stewart family ref1
Stoop, Dirk ref1
Strickland, Agnes ref1
Stuart, Elizabeth ref1
Stuart, Esmé ref1
Stuart, Frances Teresa see Richmond, duchess of
Stuart, George ref1
Stuart, Henry see Gloucester, duke of
Stuart, John ref1
Stuart, Ludovic see Aubigny, Lord d’
Stuart, Margaret Banaster ref1
Stuart, Sophia see Bulkeley, Sophia Stuart
Stuart, Walter ref1
Stuart family ref1
Suffolk, 2nd earl of (Theophilus Howard) ref1
Suffolk, 3rd earl of (James Howard) ref1, ref2
Suffolk, Lady (Barbara Wentworth) ref1, ref2, ref3
Sunderland, 2nd earl of (Robert Spencer) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Sussex, countess of (Anne Fitzroy) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Sussex, 1st earl of (Thomas Lennard, baron Dacre) ref1, ref2, ref3
Taaffe, Viscount Theobald ref1, ref2, ref3
Taylor, Captain ref1
The Tempest (Shakespeare) ref1
Test Acts ref1
Theatre Royal, London ref1
Thurloe, John ref1
Tonge, Dr Israel ref1
Tower of London ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Tudor, Lady Mary ref1
Tuke, Lady Mary ref1, ref2
United Provinces ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
University of Caen ref1
Van Dyck, Anthony ref1, ref2
Vaughan, John see Carbery, 1st earl of
Vendôme, Philippe de ref1
Venelle, Madame de ref1, ref2
Villiers, Colonel ref1
Villiers, Barbara Palmer see Cleveland, 1st duchess of
Villiers, Elizabeth ref1
Villiers, George see Buckingham, dukes of
Villiers, William see Grandison, Viscount
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet ref1
‘A Votive Song for Her Sacred Majesty’s Happy Arrival’ ref1
Wakeman, Sir George ref1
Waller plot (1643) ref1
Wallingford House, London ref1
Walter, Elizabeth ref1
Walter, Justus ref1
Walter, Lucy
leaves London for the Netherlands ref1, ref2
family background and childhood ref1, ref2
flirtations and attachments ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and Charles II ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
and attempted kidnap of her son James ref1, ref2
theatrical behaviour and reputation ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
taken to the Tower ref1
illness and death ref1
Walter, William ref1
Ward, Edward Matthew ref1
Weld, Rebecca ref1
Wells, Winifred ref1, ref2
Westminster Abbey ref1, ref2
Whalley, Captain ref1
Whetstone Park, London ref1
Whitehall ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14
William II, Prince of Orange ref1, ref2
William III, Prince of Orange ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Windsor ref1
Windsor Beauties ref1, ref2
Wood, Mary ref1
Worcester, marchioness of (Mary Capell) ref1, ref2
Worcester, 3rd marquis of (Henry Somerset) ref1
Worc
ester, Battle of (1651) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Wriothesley, Elizabeth see Northumberland, countess of
Wriothesley, Thomas see Southampton, 4th earl of
Wycherley, William ref1
Yarmouth, countess of (Charlotte Fitzroy) ref1
Yeldersly, Derbyshire ref1
York ref1
York, duchess of (Anne Hyde) ref1
marries James II ref1
as patron of Lely ref1
and Barbara Villiers ref1, ref2, ref3
reaction to James’s affair with Arabella ref1
death of ref1, ref2, ref3
and Catherine of Braganza ref1
Catholic sentiments ref1
York, duchess of (Mary of Modena [Mary Beatrice d’Este]) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
York, duke of (later James II) ref1, ref2
relationship with his brother Charles ref1, ref2
acknowledges Lucy Walter’s beauty ref1
claims Lucy Walter had venereal disease ref1
affairs and liaisons ref1, ref2, ref3
rides into London with his brothers ref1
as Lely’s chief patron ref1
marries Anne Hyde ref1
and Barbara Villiers ref1
marries Mary of Modena ref1, ref2
accession to the throne ref1
and Catherine of Braganza ref1, ref2, ref3
Catholic sentiments ref1, ref2
attends the theatre ref1
and problem of succession ref1
and Popish Plot ref1, ref2
and earl of Danby ref1
and Louise de Kéroualle ref1, ref2
and marriage of his daughter Mary ref1
and Exclusion Crisis ref1, ref2
assassination plot against ref1
and Hortense Mazarin ref1, ref2
birth of an heir ref1
and Nell Gwyn ref1
Charles II in the early years of his reign.
Charles II, c.1680. The elaborate clothes and shoes cannot hide the ravages of time.
Princess Mary Stuart, Charles II’s sister, and her husband, William II of Orange. The picture is charming but the marriage was unhappy.
This miniature of Lucy Walter, Charles II’s first mistress, was painted after her death. No contemporary likenesses of Lucy survive.
James, duke of Monmouth, Charles II’s son by Lucy Walter, as a child.
Eleanor Needham, Lady Byron, one of Charles II’s mistresses in exile.
Barbara Palmer, née Villiers, countess of Castlemaine and duchess of Cleveland, painted as Mary Magdalene by Sir Peter Lely.
Barbara Palmer as the Madonna with her eldest son. This voluptuous, almost sacrilegious painting aptly illustrates Barbara’s disdain for conventionality.
Roger Palmer, earl of Castlemaine, with his secretary. A Catholic royalist whose early infatuation with his wife soon turned sour, her behaviour forced him to live abroad.
