Courtenay, Edward, 20th Earl of Devon, 478
Courtenay, Henry, Marquess of Exeter, 229, 236, 238, 401, 428, 473–5, 478–80, 513
Courtenay, William, 114, 186, 322
courts of law: see Chancery; Common Pleas; Exchequer; King’s Bench; Requests; Star Chamber
courts, ecclesiastical, 160–62, 483; see also Canterbury, archdiocese
Coventry, 187, 396
Coventry and Lichfield (Chester), diocese, 197–9, 458
Bishops, 423–4; see also Blythe; Lee
Coverdale, Miles, Bishop of Exeter, 7, 69, 71, 89, 129, 139, 230, 343, 380n, 455, 469, 492, 506, 551
Coverham Abbey, 196, 379–80, 388
Cowley, Robert, 254–6, 405–6, 481
cramp-rings, 337
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, Plate 16; 34, 65–7, 105, 195, 198, 214, 228, 237, 249, 271, 281, 287, 331, 376, 411–12, 414, 446, 455–6, 460–62, 465, 473, 475, 493, 496, 528–9, 538, 617, 633, 692
and annulment of Aragon marriage, 104, 110, 220–22
and diplomacy, 104, 135, 137, 205–6
papal grants, 110
Boleyn client, 113–14, 169, 314
marriage to Margarete, 206, 222–3, 443, 476, 500, 546
chosen as Archbishop, 168–9, 177, 205–6
consecration, 209–10, 217–18
and Elizabeth Barton, 234–5
first consecrates bishops, 252
failed metropolitical visitation, 263–5, 273, 293–5
and fall of Anne Boleyn, 332, 338, 340, 354–7, 527–8
and Pilgrimage of Grace, 383, 385, 391–4
and Zürich, 365–6, 369
godfather to Edward VI, 436
discussions with Lutherans, 448–50
and Six Articles, 499–501, 504–5, 508
and Anne of Cleves marriage and annulment, 443, 514
and fall of Cromwell, 523, 525, 527–8
‘Prebendaries Plot’, 315, 528
abuse of, 27, 384, 400
assessment and character, 443, 451
and Bible translation, 416
books, 227
and Cromwell, 9, 71, 76, 136–7, 209–12, 260, 361, 494–5, 504–5
heraldry, 428, 493, 535–6
and Parliament, 240, 243
preaching, 237, 264, 523
religious outlook, 21, 288–9, 363–4, 369–70, 412, 476–7, 542
writings, 188–9
Craven, 372–3, 378, 381
Creeds, Apostles’ and Nicene, 362, 413, 481
Creke, John, 28, 50–52, 131–2, 147, 150
Cresswell, Percival, 393
Crofts, George, 471, 483
Croke, John, 88, 602
Cromwell (Williams), Anna, 550–51
Cromwell, Anne (daughter of Thomas), 36, 87
Cromwell, Edward, 4th Baron Cromwell, 550
Cromwell, Elizabeth (wife of Thomas), 35–7, 87, 102
Cromwell, Grace (daughter of Thomas), 36, 87, 102
Cromwell, Gregory (son of Thomas), 36–8, 65, 70, 88, 103, 195, 204, 209, 249, 252–4, 259, 274, 296, 316–17, 322, 326, 356, 359, 385, 396, 415, 471, 491, 497, 529–30, 534, 696
estates, 39, 368, 431–4, 439–41, 484–5, 538–41
marriage, 351, Ch. 18
children, 352, 425–7, 426, 440, 514, 529–30
at Lewes, 368, 431, 439–41, 474, 483–4
scandal around, 482–6, 492, 514
and Launde Priory, 64, 538–40
portraits, Plates 24, 26, 28; 254, 426
public duties, 438, 441, 453, 485–6, 496, 503, 513–14, 540–41
Baron Cromwell, 538–41
death and tomb, Plate 28; 540, 543
see also Seymour
Cromwell, Henry, 3d Baron Cromwell, 426, 440, 550
Cromwell (Hough), Jane (daughter of Thomas), 102–3
Cromwell, ?Katherine (mother of Thomas), 17
Cromwell, Oliver, 175, 550
Cromwell, Ralph, 3rd Baron Cromwell, 38
Cromwell, Richard, alias Williams, 19–20, 39, 47–9, 114, 309, 389, 434, 438, 445, 466, 475, 480, 507, 537, 550
and Gregory Cromwell, 19, 38, 427, 482–3
in Gardiner’s service, 178
estates, 383, 503, 534
and Pilgrimage of Grace, 385–6, 391
knighted, 520
Cromwell, Robert, 54
Cromwell, Thomas I, 16th Earl of Essex
early years, Ch. 1
travels in Europe, Ch. 2
marriage, 35–6
employed by Boston, 31–5
and Stafford family, 44–6
and Grey family, 46–50
in 1523 Parliament, 49–53, 98
in Wolsey’s service, Chs. 3–5, 149, 154, 173, 180, 183–4, 203, 211, 259, 396–7, 411, 428, 505, 546–7
of Wolsey’s Council, 56, 62, 173
makes will, 87–8, 121
enters 1529 Parliament, 90–93
illegitimate daughter: see Cromwell, Jane
enters royal service, 104–10, 117
and annulment of Aragon marriage, 104, 110, 113, 116, 121, 139, 151–2
manages Wolsey’s former estates 110–13, 156, 193, 534
danger on Wolsey’s fall, 126
made royal councillor, 126–8, 131–4, 156, 164, 169
and break with Rome, Chs. 7–10
royal representative to Convocation, 146, 149
Master of the Jewels, 168, 170, 172, 174, 205, 208
Clerk of the Hanaper, 168, 170
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 169, 223–6
first chosen JP, 175–6
Royal Secretary, 177, 237, 248
organizes Calais summit, 184–5, 206–9
and Elizabeth Barton, 234–7
Master of the Rolls, 30, 105, 271–2, 325
Vice-Gerent in Spirituals and Vicar-General, 64, 81, 169, 269–70, 273–5; see also Vice-Gerency
Chancellor of Cambridge University, 276, 306
Westminster Abbey offices, 318
and fall of Anne Boleyn, Chs. 13–14
made Baron and Lord Privy Seal, 14, 270, 352–6
and Pilgrimage of Grace, Chs. 16–17
narrow escape, 392–4, 396–8, 407, 445
son’s marriage, Ch. 18
Knight of the Garter, 427–9
and ‘Exeter Conspiracy’, 109, Ch. 20
Chief Nobleman of the Privy Chamber, 478
and Six Articles, 496, 499–501, 508
Earl of Essex and Lord Great Chamberlain, 520
fall and death, 5, 27, 40, 44, 180, 468, 493, Ch. 22, 532–9
abuse of, 5, 27, 332, 373, 379–80, 384, 391, 400
archive, 1–3, 334, 520, 526; see also letters
armoury, 503, 526–7
assessment and character, 1–4, 52, 93–4, 173, 181, Ch. 8, 213, 224, 274, 479, 486, 519, 531, 543–50
and Bible translation
books, 27, 138, 141, 143
bribery, 194
building, 171, 205
and Church reform, 72–4, 188–204, Ch. 11: see also Bible; monasteries; Vice-Gerency
and commerce, 25–7, 30, 119
and Cranmer, 9, 71, 76, 136–7, 209–12
dedications to, 366
and drama, 192, 416–20, 440
enemies, 541; see also Anne Boleyn; Gardiner; Howard, Thomas; Pole; Stokesley; Wallop
estates, 39, 46, 165–6, 354–7, 383, 437, 484–6, 538–9, 613, 625
family: see ap Rhys; Carbot; Gough; Hales, Christopher; Meverell; Prior; Seymour; Wellifed; Williams; Wykes
and foreign policy, 26, 115, 134–6, 141–3, 260–63, 310, 315, 333–
4, 442–52, 526
friends, 213, 427, 541; see also Alvard; Bardi; Buonvisi; Courtenay, William; Cranmer; Creke; Edgar; Edgecombe; Elyot; Gage; Godolphin; Hales, Christopher; Hall; Jennings; Lawson; Lee, Roland; Littleprow; Page; Palmer; Parr; Penizon; Popley; Rush; Russell; Seymour; Vaughan; Vaux; Withipoll; Wingfield
health, 272, 439, 498
heraldry, Plates 5, 7, 8; 38–9, 172–4, 208, 427–8, 493, 535–6, 546
hospitality, 105, 152–3, 208, 220, 223
and humanist culture, 28, 351
income, 6, 30, 60, 62–4, 120, 194, 200, 208, 276, 434–5, 509
and the law, 30
letters from, 1–2, 50–52, 84–5, 118–26, 140, 199, 213, 235, 391–2, 395, 405, 408–9, 428, 446, 450, 496, 523, 529
linguistic ability, 26–8, 69
literary and publication patronage, 120, 148–9, 188–92, 236–7, 460–61, 506
and monasteries, Ch. 3, 202–3, 281–4, 308–10, 319–20, 430–35, 488–92, 501, 509–12; see also monasteries: dissolution
and Parliament, 52–3, 58, 109–10, 134, 143, 156–8, 182–3, 185, 202, 217–19, 244–5, 266; see also Parliament
portraits, Plates, 3, 4, 7, 25; 174–5, 426
recreations, 154, 427; see also books; hunting
and religious conservatives, 60, 107–9
religious outlook, 33–7, 64–74, 88–90, 96–7, 108–9, 119–21, 139, 161, 185, 193, 211–12, 227, 239, 260–63, 288–9, 298, 363–71, 399, 412, 414–15, 492–3, 515–16, 524–5, 542–3
‘remembrances’, 2, 187, 253, 268, 280, 287, 424, 495, 498–9, 510
residences: see Hackney; London: Austin Friars, St Gabriel Fenchurch, The Rolls; Mortlake; St James’s Palace; Stepney
servants and clients: see Agard; ap Rhys; Aucher; Audley; Barlow; Bedell; Bellow; Bigod; Billingford; Blythman; Body; Brabazon; Budgegood; Caunton; Cavendish; Collins; Dowes; Freeman; Gifford; Gostwick; Hotoft; Hubberdine; Lee; Milsent; Mont; Morison; Palmer; Parker, George; Pollard; Polstead; Popley; Ryther; Sadler; Scudamore; Soulemont; Tomyou; Tyndale alias Clifton; Vaughan; Wellifed; Whalley; Williamson; Worsley; Wyatt
and social policy, 183–8, 304–5, 322–3, 487, 549–50
surname pronunciation, 5
and widows, 47–9, 220, 300, 302, 467–8
and wild young men, 126, 294, 326, 652; see also Cromwell, Gregory
see also Calais; Cambridge; Ireland; Italy; Oxford; ‘Tudor Revolution in Government’
Cromwell, Thomas II, 5th Baron Cromwell, 584
Cromwell, Vere Essex, Lord Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass, 550
Cromwell, Walter, 10, 15–17, 22–3, 37–8
Cross: see Rood
Crowle, 376–7
Croydon Palace, 228
Crusades, 477, 480
Cumberland, 389
Curatt, John, 83, 161
Curzon, Robert, Lord Curzon, 457–8
Cusack, Thomas, 155, 481
customs duties, 134
Dacre of the South, Lord: see Fiennes
Dacre, William, 3rd Baron Dacre of Gisland, 256
Dakyn, John, 388, 390
Damplip, Adam, 450–51, 500
Darcy, Arthur, 402, 423–5, 480
Darcy, Thomas, Baron Darcy of Darcy or Templehurst, 56, 83–4, 95, 390, 394, 402–4, 423–4, 427, 473
Dario, Silvestro, 234
Darrell family, 61
Daubeney, Henry, 2nd Baron Daubeney, 1st Earl of Bridgewater, 302, 484
David, King of Israel, 418
Dderfel Gardarn, Plates 43–4; 459–60
de Augustinis: see Augustine
de’ Bardi; de’ Medici: see Bardi; Medici
De La Warr, Thomas, 9th Baron De La Warr, 473
debasement: see coinage
deer: see hunting
defence, national, 171, 334n, 433, 491, 495–7, 503, 517–18, 522, 537, 550
Denmark, 261
Denny, Anthony, 478, 541–2
Dent and Dentdale, 378–82, 384, 401
Denys, Thomas, 114, 438, 475
Derby, Thomas, 487–8
Derbyshire, 17, 147–8, 437
Derick, John, 308
Desmond, Earl of: see Fitzthomas
Determinations of the Universities 188–9, 191; see also Academiarum Censurae
Devereux, Robert, 19th Earl of Essex, 550
Devon, 474–5, 549, 628
Dingley, Thomas, 167
diplomacy: see Barnes; Bonner; Chapuys; Clerk, John; Cranmer; Elyot; Foxe, Edward; France; Gardiner; Hacket; Hawkins; Heath; Henry VIII; Holy Roman Empire; Howard, Thomas II; Lee; Paget; Pate; Sampson; Tunstall; Vatican; Vaux; Wyatt
dispensations, papal, 218; see also Canterbury Archdiocese: Faculty Office
Disputatio inter Clericum et Militem, 138, 149
Dominican Friars, 283, 460, 464; see also London: Blackfriars
Doncaster, 387, 391, 417
Donington, 377–8
Donington, Thomas, 119
Dorset, 259, 358
Marquesses of: see Grey
Douglas (Stewart), Margaret, Countess of Lennox, 357, 439, 550
Dove, John, 451
Dover, 185, 209, 322, 334–5, 337, 361, 368–9, 491, 514, 544
Bishops of: see Ingworth; Thornden
Priory, 25
Dowes, Henry, 253–4, 316–17, 441, 513–14, 516, 658
Doyley, Thomas, 68: see also Hidden
drama, 192, 416–20, 440
Dublin, 11, 256–8, 328, 331, 404–5
Archbishops of: see Allen; Browne
Christ Church Cathedral, 481–2
Pale of, 254, 454
St Patrick’s Cathedral, 256, 482
Dudley, Edward, 4th Baron Dudley alias Sutton, 47, 181
Dudley, Guildford, 48
Dudley, John I, 3rd Baron Dudley alias Sutton, 47; see also Grey
Dudley, John II, 7th Baron and Viscount Lisle, 19th Earl of Warwick, 1st Duke of Northumberland, 48, 226, 303, 370, 485–6, 521, 537, 541–2, 551
Dudley, Robert, 14th Earl of Leicester, 542
Dunsford, 520
Dunstable Priory, 220
Duodo family, 31
Durham
Cathedral, 691
Bishops of: see Tunstall; Wolsey
County, 252, 547
diocese, 81, 100, 318
Durtford Priory, 432
East Anglia, 294, 308, 355, 385, 387, 419–20, 430–31, 435, 456, 548–9; see also Essex; Norfolk; Suffolk
Eastern Christianity: see Orthodox Churches
Eden, John: see Hidden
Edgar, Thomas, 427
Edgecombe, Piers, 157
Edward III, King of England, 394
Edward IV, King of England, 12, 207, 226
Edward VI, King of England and Ireland, 435–6, 438, 473, 486, 531
marriage proposals, 444
accession and coronation, 540
as King, 303, 323, 357, 375, 420, 501, 537, 540–43, 549
illness and death, 211–12
Egmont, Françoise, Countess of, 494
Eisenach, 365
elections, parliamentary, 159, 225: see also Commons, House of
Eliot, Nicholas, 367–8
Elizabeth of York, Queen, 12
Elizabeth I, Queen of England and Ireland, 185, 210, 245, 311, 337, 351, 357, 436
birth and baptism, 229–30, 236
marriage proposals, 444
as Queen, 313–14, 323, 332, 335, 371, 421, 498, 537, 542–3, 550
Ellerker, Ralph, 392–4
Elmham, North, 355–6, 359, 431–2, 484, 538–9
Elmham, South, 293–4
Elton, Geoffrey, 3, 52, 170–71, 322, 398, 51
8, 543, 547, 583, 612, 658–9, 699; see also ‘Tudor Revolution in Government’
Ely
Cathedral, 194
Bishops of: see Goodricke; West
Elyot, George, 25
Elyot, Thomas, 65, 157
enclosures, agricultural, 73, 183, 185, 187–8, 323, 372–3, 549
England, 10–14, 160, 177, 216, 543–4
Church: see Church, Western; Church of England
Economy, 24
foreign relations: see Cromwell; diplomacy; Henry VIII; France; Holy Roman Empire
Kings: see Charles I; Charles II; Edward III; Edward IV; Edward VI; Henry II; Henry V; Henry VI; Henry VII; Henry VIII; James VI and I; John; Richard II; Richard III
Queens: see Anne Boleyn; Anne of Cleves; Elizabeth of York; Elizabeth I; Jane Grey; Jane Seymour; Katherine of Aragon; Katherine Howard; Katherine Parr; Mary I
see also Convocations; imperial status; Parliament; Plantagenet dynasty; Reformation; taxation; Tudor dynasty
Englefield, Francis, 103
Englefield, William, 70
English language, 10–11; see also vernacular
Erasmus, Desiderius, 34, 69, 120, 136, 152, 176–7, 227, 291, 297, 368, 415–16, 464
escheat, 198–9, 391
Esher, 56, 87, 89–94, 98–100, 107, 121, 244, 259, 627
espionage, 23, 126, 133, 142, 207, 446, 477
Essex, 176, 437, 445
Earls of: see Bourchier; Cromwell; Devereux
Esther, Queen, 331
Eton College, 55, 369, 473–4
eucharist, 245, 361, 412–13, 417, 477
in both kinds, 447, 499, 516
mass, 234, 238, 288–9, 300, 364, 482–3
private masses and requiems, 447, 454–5, 463, 487, 499, 516
memorialism or spiritual presence, 364, 369–70, 476, 500, 543
real or corporal presence, 243, 364, 476, 499–500
‘sacramentaries’, 243, 487, 500, 525, 530, 541
see also Six Articles
evangelicalism, 18–19, 116, 160, 394, 400, 402, 428, 475–80, 488–501, 516–17, 524–5, 532–3, 535–6, 541–2, 548; see also iconoclasm; iconophobia; justification; Protestantism; Reformation
Evesham Abbey, 63, 510, 691
Exchequer, 223–6, 325, 636
executions: see London: Tower, Smithfield; York
Exeter, 161
Bishops of: see Coverdale; Veysey
Cathedral, 157
diocese, 305
Marchioness of: see Blount
Marquess of: see Courtenay
‘Exeter Conspiracy’ (1538), 109, 361, 468, Ch. 20, 487, 490, 495, 497, 509, 513
Exmew, William, 282
Eyer, Richard, 473–4
Falier, Lodovico, 133
Thomas Cromwell Page 106
